Some constraints on geochemical features in the Triassic mantle of the easternmost Austroalpine–Southalpine domain: evidence from the Karawanken pluton (Carinthia, Austria)     

D. Visonà  A. Zanferrari 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(1):40-51

Received: 2 November 1998 / Accepted: 30 November 1999  相似文献   

Seismic passive resistance with vertical seepage and surcharge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jun-Jie Wang  Hui-Ping Zhang  He-Jun Chai  Jun-Gao Zhu   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(9):728-737

Present paper focuses on the computation of the seismic passive earth pressure acting on a vertical rigid retaining wall by a soil mass subjected to vertical steady-state seepage and a uniform surcharge load. Based on the basic assumptions of Coulomb's theory and a pseudo-static method of analysis, a general solution for the passive earth pressure containing two coefficients is presented. In the solution, many parameters, such as unit weight of saturated soil, soil effective internal friction angle, soil/wall friction angle, water/soil unit weight ratio, surcharge intensity coefficient, horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients, Poisson's ratio of soil mass, hydraulic gradient, and coefficients of pore water pressure, are considered. The effects of hydraulic gradient and seismic forces on passive earth pressure coefficient and passive earth pressure distribution are investigated. The results indicate that passive earth pressure increases with increasing hydraulic gradient for downward water flow case, but decreases for upward water flow case, and that the presence of seismic forces induces a reduction in passive earth pressure.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽弧后张裂构造及其动力机制讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

高金耀  汪俊  杨春国  张涛  谭勇华 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(4):1001-1012

在总结、讨论冲绳海槽弧后张裂构造的地形地貌、地球物理场和动力背景特征的基础上,归纳出海槽北、中、南三段之间的差异,以及它们在陆坡、槽底、岛坡上的不同表现特征.槽底雁行排列的地堑及断层斜切入陆坡,伴随的断块隆眷作用往南加强,使得钓鱼岛一赤尾屿隆起带区别于其北边的陆架外缘隆起带,吕宋岛向台湾的碰撞挤压引起的旋张活动加强了海槽南段的地壳拉张,从北往南岛坡侧都可以追踪出双列岛孤特性.海槽内部构造现象不能为笼统的构造动力背景所能完全解释,需要对各个典型中央地堑的具体深入探测研究.鉴于地堑、地垒、断层以及它们所界定的构造单元和它们内部发生的岩浆作用各有特点,最后讨论了各个地段中央地堑的构造属性、动力要素的差异及变化规律,以期为海槽构造动力的进一步深入研究提供借鉴参考.  相似文献   

Termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca 16 Ma in the Southwest Japan arc: The tectonostratigraphy of the Hokutan Group     

Toshiki Haji  Atsushi Yamaji 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

Miocene intra‐arc rifting associated with the opening of the Japan Sea formed grabens in several areas in Southwest (SW) Japan, but the extensional tectonics of the arc are still not well understood. In this study, we first document the tectonostratigraphy of the Hokutan Group in the northwestern part of the Kinki district, and demonstrate the termination of extensional tectonics at ca 16.5 Ma, as inferred from grabens in the lower part of the group being unconformably overlain by sediments of the upper part. Second, we review early Miocene grabens in SW Japan to suggest that intra‐arc rifting was abandoned at ca 16 Ma, essentially simultaneously with the end of rotation of the SW Japan arc as evidenced by paleomagnetic studies. The lesser numbers of grabens and reduced thicknesses of graben fills suggest that extensional deformation of the SW Japan arc was significantly weaker than that of the Northeast (NE) Japan arc, which was broken into blocks, indicating various degrees of paleomagnetic rotation within NE Japan. The weak deformation has allowed paleomagnetic studies to infer the coherent rotation of the SW Japan arc.  相似文献   

基于弹性波全波形反演的主被动源多分量混采地震数据速度建模          下载免费PDF全文

张盼  邢贞贞  胡勇 《地球物理学报》2019,62(10):3974-3987

在常规地震采集中,被动源地震波场往往被视为噪声而去除,这就造成了部分有用信息的丢失.在目标区进行主动源和被动源弹性波地震数据的多分量混合采集,并对两种数据进行联合应用,使其在照明和频带上优势互补,能显著提高成像和反演的质量.本文针对两种不同类型的主被动源混采地震数据,分别提出了相应的联合全波形反演方法.首先,针对主动源与瞬态被动源弹性波混采地震数据,为充分利用被动源对深部照明的优势,同时有效压制被动震源点附近的成像异常值,提出了基于动态随机组合的弹性波被动源照明补偿反演策略.然后,针对低频缺失主动源与背景噪声型被动源弹性波混采地震数据,为充分利用被动源波场携带的低频信息,并避免对被动源的定位和子波估计,提出了基于地震干涉与不依赖子波算法的弹性波主被动源串联反演策略.最后,分别将两种方法在Marmousi模型上进行反演测试.结果说明,综合利用主动源和被动源弹性波混采地震数据,不仅能增强深部弹性参数反演效果,还能更好地构建弹性参数模型的宏观结构,并有助于缓解常规弹性波全波形反演的跳周问题.  相似文献   

A middle Miocene post‐rift stress regime revealed by dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area,NE Japan     

Toshiki Haji  Jun Hosoi  Atsushi Yamaji 《Island Arc》2019,28(4)

Significant advances were made in the last century in the investigations of the Neogene stress history of the NE Japan arc. However, previous studies have failed to fully resolve middle Miocene post‐rift stress conditions owing to their assumption of Andersonian faulting and an inability to determine maximum and intermediate stress axes from dike orientations. We applied the latest methods of paleostress analysis in this study to igneous dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area of the NE Japan arc to elucidate post‐rift stress conditions. Stratigraphic constraints and U–Pb dating indicate that the doleritic and dacitic dikes were formed at 16–12 Ma and 15–12 Ma, respectively. Dolerite and dacite dikes yielded NW–SE extensional stresses with intermediate and low stress ratios, respectively. Mesoscale faults in the middle Miocene formations of the studied area indicated similar stresses. We suggest the sluggish deformations resulting in the dike intrusion and faulting in the normal‐faulting stress regime after the termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca. 15 Ma.  相似文献   

A unique way of passive dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by wind: Chironomid larvae are traveling in fragments of aquatic mosses     

《Limnologica》2017

Wind mediated dispersal of bryophytes is well documented, however, aerial transport of macroinvertebrates attached to moss has not been observed yet. Here, we provide the first evidence of wind mediated transport of aquatic insects (chironomid larvae) inside moss tufts. We also discuss the importance of this dispersal mechanism for colonization of new habitats in regions with high amount of mosses and strong wind activity, such as arctic and alpine regions.  相似文献   

How do pre‐existing normal faults influence rift geometry? A comparison of adjacent basins with contrasting underlying structure on the Lofoten Margin,Norway     

Gijs Allard Henstra  Thomas Berg Kristensen  Atle Rotevatn  Robert L. Gawthorpe 《Basin Research》2019,31(6):1083-1097

Recent studies of natural, multiphase rifts suggest that the presence of pre‐existing faults may strongly influence fault growth during later rift phases. These findings compare well with predictions from recent scaled analogue experiments that simulate multiphase, non‐coaxial extension. However, in natural rifts we only get to see the final result of multiphase rifting. We therefore do not get the chance to compare the effects of the same rift phase with and without pre‐existing structural heterogeneity, as we may in the controlled environment of a laboratory experiment. Here, we present a case study from the Lofoten Margin that provides a unique opportunity to compare normal fault growth with and without pre‐existing structural heterogeneity. Using seismic reflection and wellbore data, we demonstrate that the Ribban Basin formed during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting. We also show that the rift fault network of the Ribban Basin lacks a pre‐existing (Permian‐Triassic) structural grain that underlies the neighbouring North Træna Basin that also formed during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Being able to compare adjacent basins with similar histories but contrasting underlying structure allows us to study how pre‐existing normal faults influence rift geometry. We demonstrate that in Lofoten, the absence of pre‐existing normal faults produced collinear fault zones. Conversely, where pre‐existing faults are present, normal fault zones develop strong “zigzag” plan‐view geometries.  相似文献   

装配式钢结构被动房在岛礁工程独立房屋中的应用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

商亦蓝  高屹 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):67-71

装配式钢结构被动房是一种新型的节能环保建筑,具有轻质高强、施工快捷简便、抗震性能好、对环境影响小等许多突出优点,因而在独立房屋等岛礁建筑上有广阔的应用前景。文章对装配式钢结构被动房的概念进行了简要介绍,对其优点进行了针对性分析,并在此基础上提出了装配式钢结构被动房在岛礁独立房屋中应用的设想;针对岛礁的特殊地理位置和恶劣的环境特征,从运输、施工、使用和维护4个环节出发,讨论了装配式钢结构被动房在岛礁工程实际应用中应注意的运输困难、能源匮乏、锈蚀严重、台风多发等主要问题,并给出了装配式轻钢结构体系结合模块化、小型化运输的整体方案和锈蚀防护、冷桥阻断等构造措施。  相似文献   

Neocomian to early Aptian syn-rift evolution of the normal to oblique-rifted North Gabon Margin (Interior and N'Komi Basins)     

M. Mbina Mounguengui  M. Guiraud 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

The North Gabon coastal rift basins consist of a set of 130–150 long-segment asymmetrically tilted half grabens (Interior Basin) and 000–020 short-segment en échelon half grabens (N'Komi Basin) separated by 040–060 major transverse faults. Tectono-sedimentary analysis of field and subsurface data reveals the control exerted by extensional tectonism over continental sedimentation. During Berriasian to early Barremian times, uniform uniaxial 040–060 extension was responsible for the stretching of the brittle upper crust over a 100-km wide domain. During late Barremian–early Aptian times, the main locus of extension stepped westward resulting in severe end-rift uplift and erosion of the failed Interior and N'Komi rift basins. Early Cretaceous coastal rifts in North Gabon display a wide range of styles from oblique rifting (N'Komi Basin), normal rifting (Interior Basin) to transform rifting. The pre-existing Precambrian tectonic fabric exerts a strong control over the mode and over the 100–300 km-scale segmentation of the rifting.  相似文献