The Avalon Zone: A Pan-African terrane in the Appalachian Orogen of Canada     

S. J. O'Brien  R. J. Wardle  A. F. King 《Geological Journal》1983,18(3):195-222

The Precambrian sequences of the Avalon Zone in Canada (southeastern margin of the Appalachian Orogen) are interpreted as a Pan-African orogenic belt incorporated into the Appalachian Orogen during Palaeozoic times as its southeastern margin. The Precambrian evolution of the Avalon Zone was genetically unrelated to subsequent Palaeozoic evolution. The Avalon Zone shows marked similarities in age, tectonic history, and facies development to the Pan-African belts adjacent to the West African Craton. Precambrian evolution of the zone began with circa 800 Ma rifting of a sialic gneissic basement and deposition of a Middle Proterozoic(?) carbonate-clastic cover sequence. Early crustal rifting was associated with localized partial melting and metamorphism. Limited crustal separation led to the restricted development of circa 760 Ma oceanic volcanics. Continued rifting and subsequent closure of these narrow ocean basins led to the eruption of widespread subaerial volcanic suites, block faulting, granite plutonism, and local, late Proterozoic sedimentary basin formation. Precambrian evolution of the zone terminated with the Avalonian Orogeny (circa 650-600 Ma), a deformational event, the affects of which are most evident locally along the northwestern margin of the zone. The controlling features of the Proterozoic evolution of the Avalon Zone are a series of linear intracratonic troughs and small ocean basins that formed during thinning and separation of the crust by ductile spreading, rupture, and delamination (cf. Martin and Porada 1977). The variation in degree of crustal separation led to subsequent variation in orogenesis during late Proterozoic compression. The zone marks the original westward limit of Pan-African activity and displays no apparent genetic link with the Appalachian Orogen in Canada until Devonian times.  相似文献   

黔西北地区隆起裂陷、逆冲推覆作用与铅锌成矿关系     

陈国勇 《地质与勘探》2022,58(4):703-718

黔西北地区是上扬子西缘成矿带重要矿集区,区内分布许多大中型铅锌矿床,其构造复杂,找矿难度大。为实现黔西北地区铅锌找矿突破,系统收集该区及邻区勘查和研究资料,通过类比美国密西西比地区铅锌矿床和相邻云南矿山厂、麒麟厂、毛坪等铅锌矿床,结合在黔西北地区实施的调查和勘查项目,开展野外调查和取样测试等,解剖区内典型矿床;以地史时期构造演化为线索,探索黔西北地区地壳裂陷、地壳隆升、玄武岩浆喷发、地层褶皱倒转、逆冲推覆与铅锌成矿关系。研究表明,海西期裂陷作用产生裂陷槽,深部成矿流体沿裂陷槽边界断裂上升,Pb、Zn等组分在裂陷槽内与岩层同沉积,形成高含量背景层;裂陷槽两侧地壳隆升拉张变薄,玄武岩浆喷发,强大的岩浆热能驱动,岩层中Pb、Zn等组分与岩浆携带的含矿热液,运移至垭都-紫云等大断裂及次级断裂、断裂旁侧的有利岩层中聚集,形成铅锌矿体（矿化）;印支早期构造运动,地层褶皱倒转、断裂、逆冲推覆,沿断裂上升的含矿热液,改造早期的铅锌矿体（矿化）。该区的铅锌矿床不属于MVT型,是叠加（复合/改造）型矿床。印支晚期、燕山期、喜山期的构造运动,没有明显铅锌成矿作用发生,破坏早期形成的矿床。  相似文献   

Structural Variability and Rifting Process of the Segmented Cenozoic Pearl River Mouth Basin, Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea     

MA Bingshan  QI Jiafu  WU Guanghui  REN Jianye  YANG Linlong  SUN Tong  CHEN Shi  CHEN Weichang  GE Jiawang 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):2074-2092

The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is an important area for studying the evolution of continental marginal basins in the northern South China Sea (SCS), but the structural variability and spatiotemporal rifting process remains poorly understood. This study investigates the differential structural features of the eastern, middle and western PRMB, as well as the extensional deformation laws in operation during the rifting stage, according to an integrated analysis of geometric characteristics and kinematic parameters, i.e., horizontal displacement and stretching factors of basin and crust. The PRMB underwent at least three phases of intense extension, which varied in time and space. (1) During the middle Eocene, most sags in the PRMB were intensely stretched and high-angle planar to listric boundary faults controlled the wedge-shaped stratigraphic geometry. (2) During the late Eocene-to-early Oligocene, the stratigraphic geometry of the sags was slightly wedge-shaped and continuously controlled by boundary faults, however, the extensional strength decreased relatively in the Northern depression zone, but increased in the Southern depression zone. (3) During the late Oligocene, the extension was extremely weak in the northeast PRMB, but relatively strong in the southwest PRMB, leading to tabular stratigraphic geometry in the northeast PRMB, but localized slightly wedge-shaped stratigraphic geometry in the southwest. The southwest PRMB still underwent relatively strong extension during the early Miocene. The southwest PRMB that was induced by a small-scale localized mantle convection system constantly rifted during the late Oligocene, controlled by the weak lithosphere, westward (southwestward) diachronous opening and southward jump of the ocean ridge. The applied quantitative parameters and spatiotemporal rifting process may be used as a reference with which to study the segmented continental margin rifts.  相似文献   

西沙地块构造—地层特征及其记录的南海洋盆演化过程     

张远泽  李林  雷超  任建业  刘博文  高圆圆  杨志力  王雪峰 《高校地质学报》2022,28(5):688-697

西沙地块是南海岩石圈地壳拉伸减薄过程中发育于深水区的陆块,其保存了陆缘演化的重要信息。文章研究以西沙地块作为研究对象,基于研究区地质和地球物理资料,开展了地壳结构、盆地构造—地层分析和断层活动特征等研究。研究发现,西沙地块与其周缘的凹陷地壳结构具有显著的差异,西沙地块地壳厚度较大,发育了高角度断层控制的小型断陷盆地,基底断层活动一直可持续到T60地震界面发育时（~23 Ma）;而西沙地块周缘发育的是规模较大的拆离断层及其控制的强烈减薄陆壳。结合区域动力学事件,研究认为渐新世早期拆离断层在南海西北次海盆的活动导致了西沙地块北部的岩石圈地壳的减薄,而中新世早期拆离断层在南海西南次海盆构造位置的活动使西沙地块与南沙地块分离。文章研究成果不仅深化了西沙地块裂解规律的认识,而且对该区的油气勘探具有启示意义。  相似文献   

差异可容纳空间背景下湖相层序样式与三角洲形态响应: 鄱阳湖与岱海湖对比研究^*          下载免费PDF全文

付超  于兴河  李胜利  李顺利  高明轩  彭子霄  赵海权 《古地理学报》2022,24(6):1084-1098

近年来随着层序地层学研究逐步走向定量化,将其标准化已成为沉积学界的共识。可容纳空间作为层序标准化中重要的参数之一,受到越来越多的关注。然而,不同可容纳空间背景下汇水盆地的坡度和沉积供给量均存在差异,其复杂的沉积过程造成当前研究难以准确刻画出对应层序参数演化与三角洲形态之间的耦合关系。本次研究选取中国2个典型的湖泊—三角洲进行对比研究,包括较为平缓的鄱阳湖赣江三角洲(地层倾角小于1°)与坡度相对较大的岱海湖周缘三角洲(地层倾角3°~10°)。通过对近30年不同水位期卫星照片解译,并将其与现代沉积剖面解释相结合,明确了: (1)可容纳空间快速增加背景下,湖岸线变化相对稳定,但平面影响范围较小; 三角洲在低位域(LST)时期主要发育帚状或朵状前积体,在湖侵域(TST)和高位域(HST)时期主要表现为朵叶状或鸟足状前积体。(2)缓坡低可容纳空间背景下,湖岸线变化较为剧烈,并且影响范围较大; 三角洲在低位进积域(RST)时期多以鸟足状前积体为主,内部发育指状沙坝,高位域(HST)时期表现为鸟足状前积体,同时沿岸沙坝较为发育。综合上述认识,结合沉积正演模拟结果,在经典层序和滨岸坡折岸线迁移模式的基础上,分别针对可容纳空间快速增加背景和低可容纳空间背景,建立了对应的层序—三角洲发育模式,并从长短周期尺度分析了不同可容纳空间背景下层序—沉积演化过程的控制因素。  相似文献   

山区地形对被动微波遥感影响的研究进展     

李欣欣  张立新  蒋玲梅 《国土资源遥感》2011,(3):8-13

随着土壤湿度与海水盐度卫星( SMOS)发射计划的顺利开展和AMSR -E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer- Earth Observing System)业务化运行服务之后,人类用星载微波辐射计监测土壤水分是空间技术上的又一次飞跃,但土壤水分的反演精度受到微波辐射计低空间...  相似文献   

The Looe, South Devon and Tavy basins: the Devonian rifted passive margin successions     

B.E. Leveridge 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(4):616-717

  相似文献   

海塔盆地中部断陷带洼槽结构特征及与烃源岩的响应          下载免费PDF全文

孙永河  隋立伟  付晓飞  申家年  康琳  孙庆华 《地质科学》2011,46(4):919-928

海塔盆地主要发育南二段和南三段烃源岩,二者在沉积特征和结构特征上均存在较大差异.为了搞清这两套烃源岩的形成背景及控藏作用,从盆地构造演化角度出发分析不同时期洼槽的结构特征,进而分析洼槽与烃源岩的关系.研究表明,南二段和南三段烃源岩分别形成于被动裂陷盆地和主动裂陷盆地时期,这两个时期形成的洼槽其结构分别为“泛盆”结构和多...  相似文献   

世界主要被动大陆边缘深水含油气盆地生储盖组合发育规律   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王力  屈红军  张功成  范玉海  关利群  冯杨伟  郑艳荣  李敏 《海相油气地质》2011,16(4):22-31

世界被动陆缘深水含油气盆地的演化可划分为裂前期、裂谷期以及裂后期(被动陆缘期),裂后期又可划分出热沉降期和漂移期两个亚期.裂谷期发育的裂谷层序和漂移期发育的漂移层序是构成生储盖组合的主要层序.统计发现,盆地的生储盖组合主要有裂谷期生储盖、裂谷期生或混生-漂移期储盖和漂移期生储盖三种组合.三种生储盖组合类型均主要发育海陆...  相似文献   

Sedimentary record of the northward flight of India and its collision with Eurasia (Ladakh Himalaya,India)     

Eduardo Garzanti  Aymon Baud  Georges Mascle 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4-5):297-312

Abstract

— Stratigraphic and petrographic analysis of the Cretaceous to Eocene Tibetan sedimentary succession has allowed us to reinterpret in detail the sequence of events which led to closure of Neotethys and continental collision in the NW Himalaya.

During the Early Cretaceous, the Indian passive margin recorded basaltic magmaüc activity. Albian volcanic arenites, probably related to a major extensional tectonic event, are unconformably overlain by an Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene carbonate sequence, with a major quartzarenite episode triggered by the global eustatic sea-level fall at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. At the same time, Neotethyan oceanic crust was being subducted beneath Asia, as testified by calc-alkalic volcanism and forearc basin sedimentation in the Transhimalayan belt.

Onset of collision and obduction of the Asian accretionary wedge onto the Indian continental rise was recorded by shoaling of the outer shelf at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, related to flexural uplift of the passive margin. A few My later, foreland basin volcanic arenites derived from the uplifted Asian subduction complex onlapped onto the Indian continental terrace. All along the Himalaya, marine facies were rapidly replaced by continental redbeds in collisional basins on both sides of the ophiolitic suture. Next, foreland basin sedimentation was interrupted by fold-thrust deformation and final ophiolite emplacement.

The observed sequence of events compares favourably with theoretical models of rifted margin to overthrust belt transition and shows that initial phases of continental collision and obduction were completed within 10 to 15 My, with formation of a proto-Himalayan chain by the end of the middle Eocene.  相似文献