云南省铍矿床成矿规律初探     

张传昱  曹晓民  李文昌  唐忠  余海军  陈曹军  程涌  李蓉 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(2):452-464

云南省铍矿床主要类型为伟晶岩型、岩浆热液脉型、蚀变花岗岩型和云英岩型等4类,其中,以前3类最为重要,占云南省铍资源总量的95%以上。铍矿床在成因上与壳源高分异花岗岩关系紧密,空间上主要分布在滇东南个旧、都龙地区和滇西高黎贡山、香格里拉地区。矿床的形成时代在滇东南地区为晚白垩世,在滇西地区为渐新世。滇东南铍成矿作用是对燕山晚期华南西部岩石圈伸展的响应,而滇西铍成矿的动力学背景则是印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞造山作用。在此基础上提出贡山-腾冲-盈江、龙陵和马关-麻栗坡3个找矿远景区,在这3个远景区应以寻找伟晶岩型铍矿为主要方向。  相似文献   

藏东江达县丁钦弄银铜多金属矿床深部找矿预测          下载免费PDF全文

韩艳超  宋蕊蕊 《山东国土资源》2015,31(4)

西藏丁钦弄银铜多金属矿床是近年来在藏东地区发现的具大型远景的接触交代（矽卡岩）型银铜多金属矿床,该矿床位于羌塘三江成矿区之江达德钦成矿带北段。成矿作用包括陆内裂谷期的矽卡岩化成矿作用及陆内造山期构造—岩浆—热液对先成矿体的叠加改造及独立成矿作用。基于对矽卡岩矿床分带模式结合矿区实际情况的分析辅以地球物理证据,预测Ⅰ2 号矿体及Ⅱ号矿体的深部找矿前景较好。两矿体含矿岩石均为锰质矽卡岩,处于侵入体与围岩的外接触带,且视电阻率、视极化率异常均显示深部存在隐伏矿体。  相似文献   

Low-rhenium molybdenite by metamorphism in northern Sweden: Recognition, genesis, and global implications   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Holly J. Stein   《Lithos》2006,87(3-4):300-327

Re–Os dating of molybdenite is an accurate means to date intrusions and intrusion-related ore deposits using the model age or isochron approach. But, molybdenite has a new niche in the greenschist- to granulite-facies metamorphic environment. Re–Os ages for metamorphic molybdenite may be used to construct regional metamorphic histories. Age significance and accuracy are established by analyzing multiple molybdenite separates extracted from single, petrographically-characterized molybdenite occurrences. In this study, twelve geologically distinct molybdenite-bearing samples from two small Mo districts in northern Sweden trace a 150 m.y. Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian metamorphic history from 1900 to 1750 Ma. These data reveal a little-known, widespread and protracted, Late Svecofennian anatexis in northern Sweden.The Kåtaberget Mo–(Cu, F) deposit is located in the Moskosel granite batholith north of the economically-renown Skellefte district. Four different molybdenite samples from outcrop at Kåtaberget indicate an intrusion age of 1895 ± 6 Ma with the formation of later pegmatite–aplite at 1875 ± 6 Ma. The Allebuoda (Björntjärn) and Munka Mo–(W) deposits in the Rappen district are represented by three outcrop and five drill core samples of molybdenite-bearing aplite–pegmatite–granite. These two deposits were previously described as intrusion-related Climax-type Mo mineralization. Re–Os ages for molybdenites from these deposits range from 1865 to 1750 Ma and, significantly, Re concentrations are markedly low, extending to the sub-ppm level. Age agreement within the deposits is conspicuously lacking, whereas, with one exception, age agreement within any single sample (geologic occurrence), as established by analysis of additional molybdenite separates, is very good. These data, together with fundamental geologic observations discussed in this paper, suggest that Mo–(W) mineralization in northern Sweden is not intrusion-related, but the local product of episodic melting of Archean–Paleoproterozoic supracrustal gneisses related to the Svecofennian orogeny. Petrographic traverses across the boundary between widespread, foliation-parallel units of aplitic to pegmatitic pink granite and hosting biotite gneiss directly capture the process of ore formation. Dehydration breakdown of zircon-rich biotite aligned with the foliation in the gneiss is accompanied by formation of new pristine, post-deformational biotite plus sulfides, oxides, hydrothermal zircon and fluorite, all associated with microcline-dominant leucosomes.This process has profound implication for the traditional leucogranite, intrusion-related genesis attributed to the broad classification of Mo–W–Sn–base and precious metal mineralization (e.g., South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia; Okiep, Namaqualand, South Africa; Mactung, Yukon; Pogo–Liese, Tintina, Alaska; Carajás and Goiás–Rio Tocantins, Brazil; New England Batholith, NSW, Australia; Bergslagen, Sweden; Nevoria, Western Australia; Alpeinerscharte, Austria; Erzgebirge, Germany; Sardinia–Corsica Batholith). In addition to biotite, metallogenic contributions (e.g., Mo, W, Sn, U, Bi, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co, Au, Ag, Te, As, Sb, REE) in various combinations may also be controlled by breakdown of amphibole. In effect, the trace element composition of dehydrating or recrystallizing components in a gneissic rock essentially defines the local and district metallogenic suite. In the absence of focusing structures (e.g., shear zones, sheeted vein development), this process will generally form small and disconnected subeconomic deposits with erratic and unpredictable grades. Low Re content in associated molybdenite is a key indicator for a subeconomic origin by local melting of biotite gneiss (Mo–W) or muscovite schist (Sn–W).  相似文献   

The role of bitumen in strata-bound copper deposit formation in the Copiapo area, Northern Chile     

M. Eugenia Cisternas  Juan Hermosilla 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,41(4):339-355

In northern Chile, between 27 and 33°S, there are numerous deposits where residual petroleum is associated with Cu-(Ag) mineralisation (the most famous being El Soldado). All of these deposits are hosted by Lower Cretaceous volcanic or volcanoclastic facies along the axis of a former backarc basin. This close relationship suggests that the generation, migration and emplacement of hydrocarbons in the Cretaceous volcanic units is a regional process, associated with the evolution of the Cretaceous backarc basin and points to the importance of pyrobitumen as an exploration tool for similar Cu–(Ag) deposits. The present work analyses four small strata-bound copper deposits located along a north–south belt approximately 10 km east of Copiapó in northern Chile. These deposits are typically hosted by pyrobitumen-rich andesitic volcanic to volcanoclastic rocks intercalated with the marine carbonate Pabellón Formation, the youngest formation within the Chañarcillo Group. The strong genetic and spatial relationships between the pyrobitumen-rich lavas and the mineral deposits allow us to define this volcanic belt as the Ocoita-Pabellón Metallotect. Two hydrothermal events can be distinguished based on the mineralogical, textural, fluid inclusion and isotope data of ore and gangue and on the optical properties of residual petroleum. During the early event, petroleum was mobilised from the source rocks into the primary and secondary porosity of the lavas by Fe-rich hydrothermal fluids, which precipitated pyrite as an early sulphide phase. The second event is characterised by Cu-rich hydrothermal fluids, which induced three successive sub-stages of Cu-sulphide precipitation. The hydrothermal fluids chemically and thermally altered the first-stage bitumen, transforming it into pyrobitumen. The present work documents similarities between the Ocoita-Pabellón Metallotect and the El Soldado ore deposit and emphasises important differences. In the El Soldado host rocks, a petroleum reservoir existed prior to the arrival of the mineralising hydrothermal fluids, the framboidal pyrite was formed by assistance of bacteria, the S of the Cu sulphides was inherited from the pyrite, and the fluid source was basin connate-metamorphic brine. In the Ocoita-Pabellón Metallotect, the hydrocarbons were mobilised into the host rocks by hydrothermal fluids; the pyrite is epigenetic, the δ³⁴S values of pyrite and copper sulphides are very different, with distinctive light δ³⁴S signature of Cu sulphides (δ³⁴S between −44.7 and −17.9‰), and the calculated δ¹⁸O of hydrothermal fluids indicates the participation of meteoric water in the late phases of the hydrothermal system.

Juan HermosillaEmail:

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Clogging microstructures in the vadose zone—laboratory and field studies     

Katarzyna Skolasińska 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):1005-1017

Long-term water infiltration into porous media, like clastic deposits, causes colmatage (clogging), which is expressed by the decrease of permeability. It is caused by progressive filling of pore spaces with fine particles carried in suspension (mechanical colmatage) and minerals precipitated from water (chemical colmatage or biochemical colmatage, when the process is affected by bacterial activity). Although this material is introduced into the sediment after deposition, it does not destroy the primary framework of it but it only coats grains and fills voids. This process results in some characteristic microstructures that are called ‘clogging microstructures’. The research included: (1) experiments on sands exposed to mechanical colmatage in laboratory conditions, which aimed to describe clogging microstructures and to examine the effects of grain size distribution on the rate and degree of clogging; (2) field and laboratory studies of deposits in which colmatage occurred in natural conditions in the infiltrating water intake ‘Dębina’ in Poznań, Poland. The main goal of the research was to identify post-depositional changes that took place in fluvial deposits affected by forced river water infiltration in the Warta River valley. Examples are presented of clogging microstructures formed in deposits affected by colmatage in the laboratory and in natural conditions.

Katarzyna SkolasińskaEmail: Fax: +48-618-296001

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Seismic imaging and potential field modelling to delineate structures hosting VHMS deposits in the Skellefte Ore District, northern Sweden   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Malehmir  A. Tryggvason  C. Juhlin  J. Rodriguez-Tablante  P. Weihed   《Tectonophysics》2006,426(3-4):319-334

The Skellefte District in northern Sweden is a roughly 150 by 50 km² large early Proterozoic massive sulphide belt. Based on high-resolution reflection seismic data along two parallel seismic profiles, potential field modeling has been carried out and two geologic cross sections have been constructed that are consistent with the available geophysical data as well as surface geologic observations. The combined modelling suggests that the Kristineberg deposit occurs on the northern limb of a regional E–W striking syncline. The interpretations help to identify new prospective areas, both down-plunge from known ores, and on the ore-bearing horizon on the southern limb of the syncline. The new results suggest that the post-orogenic Revsund granites can be divided into two major types of intrusives, those which are intruded as domes/stokes with a maximum present day thickness of about 3–3.5 km and those which are intruded as thin sheets, with a maximum thickness of a few hundred meters. The margins of the intrusions are generally inclined inwards, suggesting that the current erosion level is near the middle, or toward the base, of the granites. The contact between the Skellefte volcanic rocks and the Bothnian Basin has been interpreted as a thrust fault. We also suggest that crustal thickening predates the Skellefte volcanism and that the interpreted Bothnian Basin rocks are either a structural basement or a separate terrane to the Skellefte volcanism. Diffraction patterns in the reflection seismic data can be interpreted as originating from either a mafic–ultramafic intrusion or a mineralization zone, similar to observations elsewhere in the world. The results obtained in this study have greatly improved our understanding of the tectonostratigraphic framework and architecture of the poly-deformed c. 1.9 Ga Skellefte VHMS belt and is a key step towards building a 3D geological model in the area.  相似文献   

热液改造成矿机制──四川底苏铅锌矿床成矿作用研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

朱赖民  胡瑞忠  袁海华  栾世伟 《四川地质学报》1997,(3)

四川底苏铅锌矿床是一个典型的沉积改造型矿床。改造热液中的铅锌来源于早阶段热水沉积矿石及地层岩石；矿化剂硫源自赋矿地层；介质水属于下渗大气降水。改造热液中的铅锌主要以氯、氟配合物形成迁移。在构造减压带中，铅锌配合物交代地层中的黄铁矿或被有机质还原而沉淀富集。  相似文献   

Identification of Quaternary subsurface glacial deposits using 3D databases and GIS     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):90-95

To solve the problem of handling numerous data from drillings and geophysical surveys for specific information of subsurface geological formations, the use of databases and geographic information systems (GIS) is demonstrated. Geological formations are in 3D and commercial GIS packages are normally in 2D. This problem is solved here by a 1D database of the layering of the drillings and export of query results from the database to a 2D GIS. The queries will ask for grain size and altitude for the actual sedimentary layers. To include point data from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data survey profiles in a 2D GIS, a stepwise technique of dynamic segmentation has been developed. The points are digitized along sedimentary boundaries from 2D GPR profiles. The concept was applied on a small area of glacial sediments in Telemark, Norway. Results from the processes were clustering of points with properties connected to specific geological formations. The clustering subsurface geological formations were moraine ridges, a diamict layer, gravel and coarse sand above and below the diamict layer, till above bedrock, and glaciomarine deposits of gravel and sand. Information about extension of these geological formations is useful and essential for modelling of sedimentary environments and for aquifer modelling.  相似文献   

云南北衙斑岩-矽卡岩金铜矿床三维可视化建模与应用          下载免费PDF全文

周放  王保弟  贺娟  郝明  王鹏 《中国地质》2022,49(1):241-252

[研究目的]位于金沙江—红河巨型构造-岩浆成矿带中段的北衙超大型矿床(已探明金151.28 t,铜22.17万t),是三江特提斯成矿域东段典型的斑岩-矽卡岩型金多金属矿床.近年来,矿床浅部地质结构与资源状况已得到初步揭示,但是其深部地质结构、深部控矿构造及深部找矿潜力还不清楚,制约了深部的找矿发现.[研究方法]本研究以...  相似文献   

东北非VMS矿床地质特征与研究进展     

向文帅  赵凯  曾国平  李福林  王建雄  胡鹏  张紫程 《地质通报》2022,(1):129-140

东北非地区主要包括埃及、苏丹、厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚.该地区金、银、铜、锌等矿产资源丰富,主要矿床类型为VMS(火山成因块状硫化物)矿床.自发现Ariab、Bisha等大型VMS矿床以来,各国矿业公司在东北非地区开展勘探和开发,并新发现大量矿床,铜、金等矿产资源量不断增加.通过对区域内各国VMS矿床的勘查、研究进展进行...  相似文献