X. The Eucla Basin in South Australia     

Maxwell R. Banks  H. A. Bartlett  K. L. Burns  B. Campana  I. B. Jennings  D. King 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):127-135

At some time prior to the Ptychagnostus gibbus Zone of the Middle Cambrian the area of deposition of Upper Precambrian (or Lower Cambrian) well‐sorted sands, silts and dolomite was affected by tectonic movements producing uplift of the Tyennan Geanticline and change in the shape of the depositional basin (Spry, Chapter I). Continued tectonic activity and more rapid sinking of the sea floor resulted in a change in sedimentary association from well‐sorted sediments of the orthoquartzite‐limestone suite to poorly sorted sediments of the greywacke suite. Initially siltstone was the main deposit in the Dundas, Huskisson River, Ulverstone, Deloraine and Beaconsfield areas and this has been likened to the initial euxinic phase of geosynclinical development elsewhere (Campana, 1961b).

Silt seems to have been the predominant normal deposit during the Middle and early Upper Cambrian, but siliceous oozes and some limestone were also formed. Carbonaceous, pyritic and calcareous silts were deposited. Inter‐bedded with the silts are poorly‐sorted greywackes and greywacke conglomerates with a disrupted framework and graded bedding. Banks and Jennings interpret these as mostly turbidity current deposits. The proportion of greywacke and conglomerate varies through the successions in a cyclic manner (Carey and Banks, 1954; Banks, 1956) such that a conglomerate‐rich section is followed by a greywacke‐rich section and this by a predominantly lutaceous section. These cycles may be interpreted as due to tectonic instability and variation in height of the source area. Faulting of Upper Middle Cambrian and Lower Dresbachian age has been demonstrated near Ulverstone. Campana and King state: “The proportion of coarse material increases upwards in the Dundas and Huskisson successions at least.”

Turbidity currents brought fragments of grey, red, black and banded cherts, banded slate, quartzite, basalt and golden mica (this last presumably from breakdown of Precambrian mica schist) to the Dundas area. In view of the known distribution of chert in western Tasmania a westerly or north‐westerly source is likely. Turbidity currents deposited fragments of chert, claystone, quartzite, slate, greywacke, quartz mica schist, chloritised basic lava and spilite in the Deloraine area indicating a source area with Precambrian rocks and earlier Cambrian sediments and lavas. Near Rocky Boat Harbour the source area contained dolomite, ultrabasic rocks, granite, and Precambrian quartzites and schists.

A difference between the fauna in the silts and in the greywackes is evident in the Hodge Slate at Dundas and the Kateena Formation near Ulverstone at least. The “dendroids” in the Hodge Slate are in the siltstone and the fragmentary trilobites and cystoids in the greywacke. This suggests that the fossils in the greywackes are thanatocoenotic as might be expected and introduces the possibility of remanié fossils and of shallow water fauna intercalated with deeper water fauna. The bathymetric conditions suggested by Hills and Thomas (1954) for the Cambrian of Victoria may thus not be applicable to Tasmania.

Deposition was also interrupted from time to time by lava flows, some of them, at least, submarine. The Mt. Read Volcanics may be Lower Cambrian but acid and basic lavas and pyroclastic rocks are interbedded with or overlie Middle and Upper Cambrian sediments at Zeehan, Dundas, Ulverstone, Smithton and Beaconsfield. Acid volcanic rocks are commoner near the Tyennan Geanticline and basic rocks further away. Possibly during the Dresbachian ultrabasic rocks were intruded as sheets and dykes into Precambrian and earlier Cambrian rocks and by Franconian time were exposed to erosion at Adamsfield.

Deposition may have commenced later at Smithton (Upper Middle Cambrian), Beaconsfield (Lower Dresbachian) and Adamsfield (Lower Franconian) than at Dundas (Lower Middle Cambrian).

Campana and King express the thoughts of Bradley (1957, pp. 114–115) and the author when they state: “The Dundas Group reflects a eugeosynclinical cyclic sedimentation under unstable tectonic conditions. The group is no doubt a synorogenic suite comparable with the Flysch as it was deposited in the narrow subsiding Dundas Trough which developed along the Mt. Read Volcanic Arc, and which is similar to the present deeps of archipelago areas. Such a comparison is enhanced by the succeeding Ordovician conglomerates and sandstones, comparable in some respects with the molassic deposits which displaced the Flysch sedimentation in the Pre‐Alpine troughs (Fig. 12).”

The Cambrian rocks were folded or tilted at least along the western and northern margin of the Tyennan Geanticline and near New River Lagoon, the Tyennan Geanticline was rejuvenated, the Asbestos Range Geanticline raised and the highland areas near Ulverstone and Zeehan uplifted late in the Cambrian or very early in the Ordovician.  相似文献   

Timing of emplacement and deformation of the Tia Granodiorite,southern New England Fold Belt,NSW: Implications for the metamorphic history     

P. H. G. M. Dirks  R. Offler  W. J. Collins 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):103-108

The Tia Granodiorite, a Hillgrove Suite pluton in the southern New England Fold Belt, intruded complexly deformed metasediment and metabasite belonging to the Tia Complex, which at the time of intrusion had already been affected by two deformation events at low‐T moderate‐P metamorphic conditions and two overprinting deformation events at high‐T low‐P metamorphic conditions. Emplacement took place during D₅ thrusting associated with limited uplift as low‐P amphibolite facies metamorphism prevailed. Large‐scale warping during D₆ was followed by a second penetrative thrusting event (D₇) that caused further uplift and was initiated under lower amphibolite facies conditions.

The granodiorite has been dated at ～ 300 Ma using magmatic zircon, an age which is thought to approximate the emplacement age and thus D₅. Biotite grains associated with D₇ uplift yield a Rb/Sr age of 264±1.3 Ma. D₅ and D₇ appear to have formed during one extended high‐T metamorphic event because intervening retrogression is lacking in spite of extensive hydrous fluxing, as indicated by numerous syn‐D₆ quartz veins. This thermal event coincided with the opening of the extensional Permian basins.  相似文献   

Godunov格式下高精度二维水流-输运耦合模型     

毕胜  周建中  陈生水  张华杰  刘懿  赵越 《水科学进展》2013,24(5):706-714

针对复杂流体运动中物质输运方程的数值求解面临地形复杂、数值阻尼过大以及数值振荡等难题,建立了Godunov格式下求解二维水流-输运方程的高精度耦合数学模型,提出了集成输运对流项的HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact)型近似黎曼算子,可同时计算水流通量及输运通量,不仅有效模拟了复杂地形上水流运动,而且解决了输运方程中对流项产生的数值阻尼过大和不稳定振荡等难题。采用水深-水位加权重构技术和Minmod限制器,提高了模型处理复杂混合流态的能力,同时结合Hancock预测-校正方法,使模型具有时空二阶精度。算例结果表明,模型精度高、稳定性好,能有效抑制数值阻尼,适合模拟实际复杂流体运动中物质的输运过程,具有较好的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

基于P＋S波震源的弹性波叠前逆时偏移方法     

屈念念  李家斌 《物探与化探》2013,(5):859-865

基于弹性波动方程,推导了二维非均匀介质条件下纵横波解耦且无转换波的一阶速度一应力弹性波方程,使得弹性波在延拓过程中实现矢量偏移保证偏移质量,且不产生其他类型的转换干扰波。从激发时间成像条件以及反射系数理论出发,并与纵横波解耦且无转换波的一阶速度一应力弹性波方程结合,给出了适用于P＋s波震源模拟数据的成像条件以及偏移方法。文中给出了两个典型模型的理论记录的偏移结果,试验表明,笔者提出的方法能够对P＋s波震源的产生的波场准确归位,提高资料处理精度。  相似文献   

巨厚黄土塬区地震采集技术     

何京国  张志林  潘家智  宁鹏鹏  荣毅 《物探与化探》2013,(5):866-871

黄土塬地质条件非常复杂,是地震勘探中的困难区域。宁夏南部六盘山盆地属于典型黄土塬地貌的沉积盆地。该区勘探程度低,勘探潜力大,但该区表层沉积了巨厚黄土层、深层不同构造单元差异大,在采集上需克服地表和地下的双重影响。笔者详细分析了该区地质条件以及勘探难点,并结合该区的攻关实际资料和应用的新技术、新方法,总结出一套针对该区的地震采集技术系列,可以指导该区后期地震勘探工作。  相似文献   

Combined U-Pb SHRIMP and Hf isotope Complex, Rio Negro Province, Argentina： of the Patagonia composite terrane study of the Late Paleozoic Yaminué Implications for the origin and evolution     

Carlos J.Chernicoff  Eduardo O.Zappettini  Joao O.S.Santos  Neal J.McNaughton  Elena Belousova 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(1):37-56

We have carried out zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating and Hf isotope determinations on a biotite paraschist and on a tonalitic orthogneiss of the Yaminue Complex,and re-evaluate this complex in the broader context of the tectonic evolution of the Patagonia composite terrane.In the metasedimentary unit （msuYC）,the youngest detrital zircon dated at 318±5 Ma（Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary） indicates a Pennsylvanian（or younger） depositional age.The three main age populations peak at 474,454 and 374 Ma.Preliminary Hf isotope data for two detrital zircons（447 and 655 Ma） yieldedε（Hf） values of -0.32 and 0.48,indicating that their primary sources contained small amounts of recycled crustal components(of Calymmian age;T_DM 1.56 Ga).Zircons from the orthogneiss（miuYC;intrusive into msuYC） show a crystallization age of 261.3±2.7 Ma（Capitanian;late middle Permian） which is broadly coeval with deformation,and Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic inheritance.Meaningful core-rim relationship between Neoarchean zircon cores and late Permian rims is well defined,indicating the occurrence of Archean crust in this sector of Patagonia.Hf T_DM of Permian zircons is mainly Meso-Paleoarchean（2.97-3.35 Ga）,with highly negativeε（Hf） values（ca.-33）.Hf T_DM of inherited Neoarchean zircon cores is also Meso-Paleoarchean（3.14-3.45 Ga） but more juvenile（ε（Hf） = -0.3）.Hf isotopes reinforce the presence of unexposed ancient crust in this area. Combining geological and isotope data,as well as geophysical models,we identify the Yaminue Complex within the La Esperanza-Yaminue crustal block flanked by two other,distinct crustal blocks:the Eastern block which forms part of the Patagonia terrane sensu stricto,located in the eastern Patagonian region,and the Western block forming part of the Southern Patagonia terrane.Their origins and timing of amalgamation to form the Patagonia composite terrane are also discussed.  相似文献   

南极中山站近岸海冰生态学研究Ⅰ．1992年冰藻生物量的垂直分布及季节变化          下载免费PDF全文

何剑锋  陈波 《极地研究》1995,7(4):56-67

从１９９２年４月至１２月对东南极中山站近岸当年冰生物量及其环境因子进行了观测。冰底有色层出现在４月下旬和１１月下旬，集中于冰底２～３ｃｍ，叶绿素ａ最高含量分别为８８．３ｍｇ／ｍ３和２８１０ｍｇ／ｍ３，相应的冰藻数量分别为３．５×１０６和１．２１×１０８个／升。柱总叶绿素ａ含量的季节性变化极为显著，尤其是以春季的大幅度快速增值为特征，变化范围为１．１７～５９．７ｍｇ／ｍ２，冰藻生物量主要分布在冰底，冬季期间则集中在冰底或冰的中上层。藻类优势种较为单一，秋季优势种为Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｌｅｃｏｉｎｔｅｉ、Ｎ．ｂａｒｋｌｅｙｉ和Ｎ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｕｓ；春季优势种为Ａｍｐｈｉｐｒｏｒａｋｊｅｌｍａｎｉ，Ｂｅｒｋｅｌｅｙａｒｕｔｉｌａｎｓ和Ｎ．ｌｅｃｏｉｎｔｅｉ。中山站近岸冰藻生物量的垂直分布和季节变化以及春季优势种的组成与东南极其它固冰区具有较强的相似性，与亚南极固冰区差异较大。  相似文献   

Impact of the central Pacific zonal wind divergence and convergence on the central Pacific El Nio event   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

左涛  陈锦年  王宏娜 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):85-89

The central Pacific(CP) zonal wind divergence and convergence indices are defined, and the forming mechanism of CP El Nio(La Nia) events is discussed preliminarily. The results show that the divergence and convergence of the zonal wind anomaly(ZWA) are the key process in the forming of CP El Nio(La Nia) events. A correlation analysis between the central Pacific zonal wind divergence and convergence indices and central Pacific El Nio indices indicates that there is a remarkable lag correlation between them. The central Pacific zonal wind divergence and convergence indices can be used to predict the CP events. Based on these results, a linear regression equation is obtained to predict the CP El Nio(La Nia) events 5 months ahead.  相似文献   

金钱鱼脑型芳香化酶基因cDNA 的克隆及表达分析     

张敏智  李广丽  朱春华  邓思平 《海洋科学》2014,38(5):72-80

为了探讨Cyp19a1b基因表达与温度及鱼油添加量的相互关系,奠定金钱鱼人工繁育理论基础,作者采用RT-PCR和RACE法,克隆了金钱鱼(Scatophagus argue Linnaeus)脑型芳香化酶基因(Cyp19a1b);采用实时荧光定量PCR法,检测了不同温度(23、26和29℃)和不同水平鱼油(0、2%和6%)处理后二龄雌性金钱鱼脑垂体中Cyp19a1b mRNA表达。结果表明:Cyp19a1b cDNA全长2409bp,5′端非编码区164 bp,3′端(不包括poly(A))712 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1506 bp,编码501个氨基酸,推测其蛋白质分子量为56.697 kDa。序列分析及分子系统进化树结果表明:金钱鱼Cyp19a1b氨基酸序列与黄锡鲷和舌齿鲈Cyp19a1b同源性较高,分别为86.2%、86.5%,与鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、稀有鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、南方大口鲇(Silurus meridionalis)和鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)Cyp19a1b同源性为64.1%~84.4%,但与上述7种鱼性腺芳香化酶(Cyp19a1a)同源性低于63.5%,同源性分析结果与根据传统形态学和生化特征分类的结果相一致。荧光定量PCR结果显示,随处理时间的延长,26℃和29℃组金钱鱼脑垂体中Cyp19a1b mRNA的表达量都逐渐降低,但29℃组显著低于26℃组(P0.05),而23℃组在6周时则显著高于26℃和29℃组(P0.05),约为26℃组2倍的表达量;鱼油处理3个投喂组脑垂体中Cyp19a1b mRNA的表达量均逐渐降低,但鱼油对金钱鱼脑垂体中Cyp19a1b mRNA的表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。以上结果表明:随着卵巢发育或鱼油含量的提高,可降低雌性金钱鱼脑垂体中Cyp19a1b mRNA的表达,这种降低可能是E2反馈调节所致;水温高于26℃将抑制Cyp19a1b mRNA的表达。  相似文献   

2012年春季渤海中部及邻近海域叶绿素a与环境因子的分布特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘丽雪  王玉珏  邸宝平  刘东艳 《海洋科学》2014,38(12):8-15

分析了2012年春季渤海中部及其邻近海域32个站点叶绿素a和环境因子的空间分布特征及其相互关系。结果发现:渤海中部靠近黄河口邻近水域相对于其他水域,呈现出相对较高的水温和较低的盐度,这与黄河淡水输入以及近岸水深相对较浅有密切关系。营养盐浓度在空间分布上表现为黄河口附近海域较高,在垂直分布上表现为中、底层高于表层,显示出黄河水输入与沉积物营养盐再释放的影响;此外,营养盐浓度与结构显示,渤海海域存在明显的磷和硅限制,磷限制尤其严重。叶绿素a浓度的空间分布显示,表层叶绿素a浓度的高值区出现在渤海湾湾口处,而中层与底层的叶绿素a浓度高值区出现在渤海中部。主成分分析结果表明,磷酸盐和温度是影响表层叶绿素a浓度的重要因素,而中、底层叶绿素a浓度主要受磷酸盐的影响。  相似文献