A dynamic riparian forest structure model for predicting large wood inputs to meandering rivers     

John C. Stella  Li Kui  Gregory H. Golet  Frank Poulsen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(15):3175-3193

Fluvial processes strongly influence riparian forests through rapid and predictable shifts in dominant species, tree density and size that occur in the decades following large floods. Modelling riparian forest characteristics based on the age and evolution of floodplains is useful in predicting ecosystem functions that depend on the size and density of trees, including large wood delivered to river channels, forest biomass and habitat quality. We developed a dynamic model of riparian forest structure that predicts changes in tree size and density using floodplain age derived from air photos and historical maps. Using field data and a riparian forest chronosequence for the 160-km middle reach of the Sacramento River (California, USA), we fit Weibull diameter distributions with time-varying parameters to the empirical data. Species were stratified into early and late successional groups, each with time-varying functions of tree density and diameter distributions. From these, we modelled how the number and size of trees in a stand changed throughout forest succession, and evaluated the goodness-of-fit of model predictions. Model outputs for the early successional group, composed primarily of cottonwoods and willows, accounted for most of the stand basal area and large trees >10 cm DBH for the first 50 years. Post-pioneer species with slower growth had initially low densities that increased slowly from the time of floodplain creation. Within the first 100 years, early successional trees contributed the most large wood that could influence fluvial processes, carbon storage, and instream habitat. We applied the model to evaluate the potential large wood inputs to the middle Sacramento River under a range of historical bank migration rates. Going forward, this modelling approach can be used to predict how riparian forest structure and other ecosystem benefits such as carbon sequestration and habitat quality respond to different river management and restoration actions.  相似文献   

Wood textures in Jinman copper deposit in western Yunnan and their genetic implications   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘家军  李朝阳  张乾  潘家永  刘玉平  刘显凡  刘世荣  杨伟光 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(6):545-554

Jinman vein copper deposit in western Yunnan occurs in a salt-bearing red clastic rock formation composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale. Wood texture is considerably developed in the ores. The metallic minerals making up the wood textures mainly include pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. Studies on the samples and examination of their micrographs and electron micrographs have confirmed that they belong to xenoxylon, reflecting that the ore-hosting rock series is the product of sedimentation in the terrestrial environment. Organic geochemistry and sulfur and carbon isotopic composition data indicate that the formation of the deposit is substantially related with underground hot brines and biological processes.  相似文献   

松烟和桐油烟的高分辨电镜观察     

郭延军  郑辙  冯有利 《矿物岩石》2003,23(4):18-20

利用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对传统工艺生产的制墨用桐油烟和松烟的微结构进行研究发现桐油烟和松烟具有比较典型的同心取向准石墨结构。桐油烟的颗粒比较均匀，颗粒直径多分布在50nm～30nm范围内；而松烟中的颗粒主要分布在直径150nm～100nm和50nm～30nm两个范围内。在研究中首次发现松烟、桐油烟中含有螺旋状、洋葱状等多种形态的类富勒烯微结构，为燃烧成因的富勒烯物质提供了直接证据。  相似文献   

Contamination of saltmarsh sediments and biota by CCA treated wood walkways   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weis JS  Weis P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(6):504-510

Sediments, marsh grasses, and ribbed mussels were collected under two CCA wood walkways (15 and 3 years old) and 1, 3, and 10 m out, in the high, middle and low marshes. These sediments, and samples from reference sites, were analyzed for Cu, Cr, and As by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metal concentrations were highly elevated under the walkways and up to 10 m away. Dispersal of contaminants near the old walkway was greatest in the low marsh, less in the middle, and least in the high marsh, corresponding to periods of tidal inundation. Accumulation under the walkway was generally greatest in the low marsh. Contamination was much higher in sediments under the new walkway than the old one, but metals had not dispersed as far. Accumulation patterns in plants were similar, but the contamination did not disperse as far and was not greater under the new vs the old walkway, despite differences in sediment concentrations. In mussels, bioaccumulation was seldom statistically significant, due largely to small sample sizes.  相似文献   

Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov., a gymnospermous wood of the Stephanian (Late Pennsylvanian) from Ningxia, northwestern China     

Zhuo Feng  Jun Wang  Guang-Long Shen 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(3-4):219-228

A new Late Pennsylvanian species of gymnospermous fossil wood, Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov. is described from the Lower Taiyuan Formation (Stephanian B-C) near the village of Xiaheyan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwestern China. The specimen consists only of silicified secondary xylem. The tracheids are pycnoxylic with 2–3 seriate bordered pits, arranged in subcircular or hexagonal alternate (araucaroid) pattern. The pores of the pits are small, linear, and regularly tilted. Xylem rays are homogeneous, uniseriate, 1–25 cells high. Cross-fields are filled with numerous mixed simple pits of various sizes. Growth rings, axial parenchymatous elements and resin canals are absent. The geographic distribution of Zalesskioxylon woods is reviewed. Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov. grew at low latitudes, and because of the lack of growth rings, probably lived under relatively uniform climatic conditions. Our new species supplements the poorly known distribution of Carboniferous wood in China.  相似文献   

Paleophytochemical Constituents from the Pliocene Fossil Wood of Pinus Armandii from Longling,Yunnan     

ZHAO Youxing  LI Chengsen  YI Tiemei  LUO Xiaodong  ZHOU Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1146-1151

Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencast coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province, China. Phytochemical investigation of the fossil wood isolated using liquid column chromatography seven compounds （1-7） including a new fluorene derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene. A further 28 volatiles were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Spectroscopic investigation methods, including MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the structure of the seven compounds. Two types of natural products, isopimara and stilbene commonly occuring in extant and Pliocene fossil P. armandii indicate phytochemical fidelity during burial under certain circumstances in sediments. Discovery of stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P. armandii prompts the assumption that the chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil wood of P. armandii in brown coal might contribute to the presence of inner natural inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi.  相似文献   

Paleophytochemical Constituents from the Pliocene Fossil Wood of Pinus Armandii from Longling, Yunnan     

ZHAO Youxing  LI Chengsen  YI Tiemei  LUO Xiaodong  ZHOU Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)

Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencust coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province,China. Phytochemical investigation of the fossil wood isolated using liquid column chromatography seven compounds(1-7)including a new fluorene derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene.A further 28 volatiles were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Spectroscopic investigation methods,including MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the structure of the seven compounds.Two types of natural products,isopimara and stilbene commonly occuring in extant and Plincene fossil P.armandii indicate phytochemical fidelity during burial under certain circumstances in sediments.Discovery of stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P.armandii prompts the assumption that the chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil wood of P.armandii in brown coal might contribute to the presence of inner natural inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi.  相似文献   

辽西北票中晚侏罗世髫髻山组木化石的古气候、古环境和古生态意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋子堃  王永栋  田宁  张武  郑少林 《地质学报》2016,90(8):1669-1678

木化石在陆地生态系统古气候、古环境和古生态研究方面具有重要的意义。辽西北票地区中晚侏罗世髫髻山组保存有数量丰富、类型多样且解剖构造保存完好的木化石。基于北票木化石树木年轮、树桩直径等数据计算了木材早材与晚材的比率(E/L),并推算了松柏类树木古树高。通过已有测量的树木年轮直径,应用Niklas(1994)和Mosbrugger(1994)两种方法恢复了化石森林中松柏类树木的古树高约为25m。推断中晚侏罗世的裸子植物森林树木生长的环境为以火山岩和湖相沉积为主,降水丰富。推断髫髻山组属于温暖、湿润、季节性明显的亚热带到暖温带气候,有利于植物的生长与发育。木化石木材组织中呈现的特殊解剖构造包括假轮、创伤树脂道、年轮扭曲、虫孔等,也能够揭示辽西北票中晚侏罗世植物生长过程中的古气候与古环境状况。表明辽西北票地区中晚侏罗世古气候虽然有利于植物生长,但生长期间受到了火山喷发、虫害、大风、降温等多种不利气候变化的影响与干扰。  相似文献   

浑善达克沙地白扦树轮宽度早晚材年表对比分析     

张同文  袁玉江  魏文寿  尚华明  喻树龙  张瑞波  陈峰  范子昂  秦莉 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(1):47-53

利用浑善达克沙地白音敖包采集的白扦树芯样本,使用传统宽度测量手段和图像分析手段建立了研究区域采样点的全轮、早材、晚材宽度年表。对比分析结果表明,研究区域内基于图像分析手段和传统宽度测量手段所获取的全轮宽度数据不存在明显差异。基于图像分析手段建立的全轮、早材及晚材宽度年表之间在全频域、高频域和低频域的相关系数均呈显著正相关,且三种年表在低频变化上比在高频域更为一致。过去142年以来,全轮、早材、晚材宽度年表均具有2个低值阶段和2个高值阶段,且3个年表间的高低值变化阶段基本一致。与当地气象资料的相关分析结果显示,全轮、早材、晚材宽度年表均对气温表现出负相关,对降水变化的响应则不明显。而早材宽度与气温表现出的较高相关系数还说明了基于图像分析手段获取的该种数据具有作为气候代用资料的价值。  相似文献   

新疆罗布泊地区侏罗纪地层的发现及其意义     

杨瑞东  罗新荣  张传林  王佰勋  田敬全  魏怀瑞  王伟 《西北地质》2006,39(4):10-15

在距罗布泊以西20 km的沙漠与戈壁交界处(Y=157339013,X=4516330)发现了完整的侏罗系,地层为早、中侏罗世苏康组砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩夹多层煤层(线),在粉砂岩中保存有大量的硅化木化石,化石主要为石松柏纲Coniferae sp．,Cupressinoxycon sp．。这为研究塔里木盆地侏罗纪植物群及古气候提供了重要的古生物化石资料。在塔里木盆地东北地区阿满坳陷东北向沙漠中发现的侏罗系,对确定侏罗系的分布范围具有一定的意义,而且也填补了罗布泊地区侏罗系的空白。同时,还发现侏罗系中多层煤层,这为塔里木盆地油气勘探研究提供了重要的材料。  相似文献