缅甸硅化木(“树化玉”)的成因     

王义昭 《地质通报》2011,30(10):1628-1637

近年,中国宝玉石和观赏石市场上出现了一种十分受人青睐的玉石品种——缅甸“树化玉”(硅化木),媒体广告对其宣传有加,给人们带来无限商机。但对其成因环境之说却十分离谱。现试图避开商业炒作的市场环境,拟从地质科学的角度,以地质事实为依据,揭示缅甸树化玉(硅化木)形成的奥秘。  相似文献   

Cost of non-renewable energy in production of wood pellets in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Changbo WANG  Lixiao ZHANG  Jie LIU 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2013,(2)

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Development of a Neolithic pine tree‐ring chronology for northern Scotland     

Andy Moir 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(5):503-508

The peatlands of northern Scotland (one of the largest and most intact areas of blanket bog in the world) contain a rare widespread horizon of subfossil pine in stratigraphic context. Eighteen bog pine from three new sites are incorporated into a mean Neolithic pine chronology now composed of subfossil pine from 12 sites, which is tree‐ring‐dated against Irish bog pine chronologies to span 3198–2757 BC. Germination and peaks of radial growth infer drier conditions between 3199 and 3130 BC. Dying‐off phases and depression of growth reflect a change to wetter conditions between 3023 and 3002 BC and a terminal decline of pine between 2809 and 2782 BC. The close synchronization of germination/die‐off phases and major ring‐width variations between sites across this region indicates that the environmental changes are probably triggered by climate change. Twenty‐four bog pine samples remain unmatched. Future multi‐discipline research into this important example of climatic change at the Neolithic/Bronze Age transition is recommended. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Long‐term spruce budworm outbreak dynamics reconstructed from subfossil trees     

Simard Sonia  Hubert Morin  Cornelia Krause 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(7):734-738

We reconstructed the long‐term spruce budworm (SBW) (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreak dynamics in the boreal forest of Quebec (Canada) using a dendrochronological approach with subfossil trees. Although the majority of the excavated wood belonging to the genus Picea could potentially reveal the past activity of spruce budworms in the tree rings, very few were cross‐dated due to a lack of marker rings. All cross‐dated trees were found within a particular zone of the peat bogs and the floating chronology was radiocarbon dated to ca. 5.1 cal ka BP. The results presented in this study suggest that the dynamics of SBW outbreaks in the studied area fluctuated during the last millennia and that severe outbreaks as observed during the 20th century seldom occurred in that part of the boreal forest since the end of the last glaciation. These results are in agreement with observations from other parts of eastern North America. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Logjams as a driver of transient storage in a mountain stream     

Ethan Ader  Ellen Wohl  Sawyer McFadden  Kamini Singha 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(3):701-711

We use four stream segments along a wood-rich, pool–riffle mountain stream in the Southern Rockies of Colorado, USA to examine how spatial variations in wood load and variations in discharge during and after the snowmelt peak flow influence the magnitude of surface and subsurface transient storage. Segments range in complexity from a single channel with no large wood to an anabranching channel with closely spaced, channel-spanning logjams. Discharges at which transient storage was assessed range from base flow to snowmelt peak flow. To explore these relations, we used 10 geomorphic variables representing channel morphology and bed substrate, four wood-related variables representing wood load and associated backwater storage, and two measures of skewness from instream and bulk electrical conductivity breakthrough curves during tracer tests. Instream curves reflect surface and subsurface transient storage, whereas bulk curves primarily represent subsurface transient storage. Higher values of skewness indicate greater retention, and we used the values here as a metric of increased transient storage. Although limited sample size restricts the power of our results, our findings suggest that stream segments with greater instream large wood loads have more and larger pools, greater storage of fine sediment and particulate organic matter, and higher values of skew from instream conductivity. The results also suggest that the presence of instream wood, rather than changes in channel morphology associated with wood, is the most important driver of transient storage. This implies that river management designed to foster transient storage should focus on retaining instream large wood. We did not find significant correlations between geomorphic or wood-related variables and the skew estimated from bulk conductivity, which may reflect the relatively thin alluvium present in the field area and the prevalence of surface transient storage in this system.  相似文献   

Sunken wood from the Vanuatu Islands: identification of wood substrates and preliminary description of associated fauna   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marie Pailleret  Takuma Haga  Patricia Petit  Catherine Privé-Gill  Nima Saedlou  Françoise Gaill  & Magali Zbinden 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(1):233-241

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长白山全新世以来的火山喷发活动与森林火灾研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

崔钟燮  张三焕 《地理研究》1997,16(1):92-97

采用同位素年代测定等方法,探讨了长白山一万年以来火山活动的期次、规模及森林火灾。  相似文献   

气候和地形对米老排人工林生长和材质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

林金国  翁闲  张兴正  陈金明 《山地学报》2004,22(6):750-755

比较分析了米老排人工林胸径和树高生长以及木材品质在不同气候、不同地形条件下的表现差异，结果表明：相同地形条件下生长在南亚热带的米老排人工林林分胸径和树高以及木材密度、顺纹抗压强度和抗弯强度大于生长在中亚热带的，而木材尺寸稳定性小于生长在中亚热带的。相同气候条件下，山谷中的米老排人工林林分胸径和树高以及木材尺寸稳定性大于山脊上的，木材密度、顺纹抗压强度和抗弯强度则小于山脊上的。差异显著性t检验表明：气候和地形对米老排人工林林分胸径和树高影响均极显著，对米老排人工林木材密度、顺纹抗压强度和抗弯强度影响极显著或显著；地形对米老排人工林差异干缩影响极显著或显著，气候对米老排人工林差异干缩影响不显著。综合考虑，要获得优质速生的米老排木材，宜选择南亚热带的山谷进行人工林建设。  相似文献   

An excellent fossil wood cell texture with primary uranium minerals at a sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposit, NW China     

M. -Z. Min  X. -Z. Luo  S. -L. Mao  Z. -Q. Wang  R. C. Wang  L. -F. Qin  X. -L. Tan 《Ore Geology Reviews》2001,17(4)

A fossil wood cell texture with pitchblende and coffinite found at a sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposit, Xinjiang, NW China, is first reported here for the country. In the mineralized sandstone, detrital grains consisting of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, carbonaceous trashes, mica and accessory minerals were deposited in early Turassic time and were cemented by clays and minor authigenic calcite and quartz. Pitchblende and minor coffinite are principal ore minerals at the deposit, and selectively replaced carbonized fossil wood remnants or filled fossil wood cells. An excellent fossil wood cell texture with primary uranium minerals formed. Replacement of organic debris by primary uranium minerals may be due to a local reducing environment resulting from the production of CH₄, H₂S or H₂SO₃ in its decomposition, and a biochemical reaction indicated by the common presence of framboidal pyrite.  相似文献   

Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads     

Hussein O. Okail  P. Benson Shing  Richard E. Klingner  William M. McGinley 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(14):1585-1609

This paper presents the findings of shaking‐table experiments conducted to examine the out‐of‐plane seismic performance of masonry veneer walls. Seven wall assemblies were tested, each consisting of a clay masonry veneer anchored to a wood‐stud backing. Design variables include the type of veneer ties, tie spacing, and presence or absence of mortar joint reinforcement and window opening. The walls were designed and constructed in accordance with current US code provisions. Results of the experiments show that failure of the corrugated ties is governed by pullout of the nails from the wood studs, while failure of the rigid ties is governed by detachment from the mortar joints or pull‐through of the screw heads through fastener holes. Both types of ties show satisfactory performance under ground motions corresponding to Design Basis and Maximum Considered Earthquakes representative of Seismic Design Category E. Although the rigid ties were stronger than the corrugated ties, they had wider vertical spacing and failed at a slightly higher seismic load. Observed extraction capacities of the nails show high variability, which merits attention. Joint reinforcement did not show any noticeable effect on the out‐of‐plane behavior of the veneer. Results of an analytical study have shown that the detachment of a veneer from the backing system is preceded by veneer cracking, which influences the distribution of tie forces, and that the vertical tie spacing influences the cracking load for the veneer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献