Fluid venting activity on the Costa Rica margin: new results from authigenic carbonates   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

Xiqiu?HanEmail author  Erwin?Suess  Heiko?Sahling  Klaus?Wallmann 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2004,93(4):596-611

Carbonate precipitates on mounds and along tectonic scarps off the Costa Rica margin are manifestations of subduction-induced dewatering. The long-term dewatering history is recorded in mineralogical, petrological and isotope signals of carbonates recovered from these sites. The carbonates are strongly depleted in ¹³C (–11 to –53 PDB) and enriched in ¹⁸O (+4 to +8 PDB). Thermogenic methane and biogenic methane were identified as sources of the carbon. Chemoherm carbonates and seepage-associated carbonates formed in a focused flow regime have lighter ¹³C values, while others formed in a more diffusive flow regime have slightly enriched C isotope values. Three fluid components were inferred based on the calculation of equilibrium ¹⁸O: clay dehydration water, gas hydrate water and seawater. Calculated equilibrium ¹⁸O values of carbonates from different down-core depths as well as from different precipitation stages show that the ¹⁸O of the precipitating fluid is progressively depleted with time. Dolostones showing a methane-C source and a well constrained O-isotope signature are thought to have formed at depth in the sediment and subsequently became exhumed. Glauconitic sandstones cemented by methane-derived carbonate provide evidence that fluid and solid material have been expelled by the mud volcano.  相似文献   

Maceral/ microlithotype partitioning with particle size of pulverized coal: Examples from power plants burning Central Appalachian and Illinois basin coals   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

James C. Hower   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,73(3-4):213-218

Pulverized coals from eleven power plants burning Central Appalachian coal blends and eight power plants burning Illinois Basin coal blends were studied in order to assess the petrographic nature of industrial-scale coal grinding. All coals were high volatile bituminous. Coals were wet screened at 100 (150 μ), 200 (75 μ), 325 (about 40 μ), and 500 (about 25 μ) mesh. Petrographic analysis of the whole coals and size fractions consisted of a combined maceral and microlithotype analysis. Microlithotype analysis, in particular, provides a reasonable approximation of the whole-particle composition at the scale of utility coal pulverization. In the size fractions, duroclarite, the most abundant trimaceral microlithotype, is most abundant in the coarsest fraction and least abundant in the finest fraction. Vitrite, the most abundant monomaceral microlithotype, exhibits the opposite trend. Duroclarite becomes more enriched in vitrinite towards the finer sizes. The partitioning of microlithotypes and the partitioning of macerals within the microlithotypes is indicative of the relative brittle nature of vitrite compared to the hard-to-grind trimaceral microlithotypes. Increased vitrinite in duroclarite is an indication that the microlithotype within the particular size fraction is more brittle than relatively vitrinite-depleted duroclarite in coarser fractions. The relative grindability of microlithotypes will, in turn, impact combustion efficiency.  相似文献   

西藏日喀则蛇绿岩中石榴角闪岩的矿物、岩石地球化学特征     

张鑫  李旭平  王泽利  赵令权  史同强  段文勇 《岩石学报》2016,32(12):3685-3702

西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中段日喀则地区的白朗蛇绿混杂岩中,存在作为变质底板的石榴角闪岩。本文对其进行了矿物学、变质温压条件和岩石地球化学研究。根据岩相学和矿物化学研究,日喀则石榴角闪岩经历了四个变质阶段,矿物组合分别为:Am_1+Pl_1+Ep_1+Ttn(M1);Grt-c+Cpx-e+Ep_2+Pl_2+Rt(M2);Grt-r+Ep_3/Czo_3+Cpx-l+Am_3+Pl_3+Ttn(M3)和Prh+Ab+Czo+Chl+Cal(M4)。根据SAFMCNHO体系矿物组合演化的视剖面图,结合传统的地质温压计,估算出峰期前的温压条件为560~620℃/9.1~9.8kbar;峰值为830~870℃/18.0~22.0kbar,退变质阶段保留了640~680℃/10.7~14.9kbar的温压条件,最终止于葡萄石-绿纤石的前绿片岩相变质条件;得出一条逆时针的P-T轨迹。白朗变质底板的岩性可分为三类,即石榴角闪岩、角闪辉石岩和单辉角闪岩。三种岩性具有相似的地球化学性质:主量元素具有低钛(0.92%~1.29%)、低钾(0.26%)、低钠(0.24%~2.46%)的特征。稀土元素和微量元素特征与N-MROB相似,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、U),亏损部分高场强元素(Nb、Ti、Zr、Hf),表现出白朗蛇绿混杂岩中的石榴角闪岩等与洋中脊玄武岩有亲缘性,且叠加有俯冲上板片SSZ环境特征。白朗石榴角闪岩的存在表明日喀则蛇绿岩在形成后不久就发生了构造就位,体现了大洋内部俯冲/侵位事件。  相似文献   

塔河油田火山岩的层位归属、火山岩岩石学与岩相学特征   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

罗静兰  翟晓先  蒲仁海  何发歧  赵会涛  俞任连  周家驹 《地质科学》2006,41(3):378-391

火山岩顶、底地层中的微古化石组合研究表明:塔河油田火山岩的形成时代为二叠纪。岩石学、岩相学、地球物理测井与地震学综合研究结果显示,火山岩主要为英安岩和玄武岩。存在两次火山喷发旋回,形成下部玄武岩、上部英安岩或单一英安岩的垂向火山喷发序列。玄武岩呈带状分布于研究区西部和南部古地貌低洼区,以上平下凸的透镜状河谷充填式地震反射为特点;英安岩分布于北部及东北部地区,以下平上凸的丘形反射形态为特征。可划分出火山爆发相、火山溢流相和火山沉积相3个岩相带。火山爆发相位于火山喷发中心地带,研究区以火山熔岩溢流相为主,火山沉积相布范围局限,位于岩体边缘。火山活动具有喷发频率低、间隔时间短、以宁静的溢流式喷发为主间或伴随较强烈的爆发式喷发为特点。火山活动喷发中心可能是由西南逐渐向东北方向迁移的。  相似文献   

南天山花岗岩类的年代学,岩石学,地球化学及其构造环境   总被引：59，自引：23，他引：36  

姜常义  穆艳梅 《岩石学报》1999,15(2):298-308

在南天山褶皱带,分布有大量的花岗岩类岩石。按照由老到新的侵位顺序,岩石类型依次为：闪长岩、似斑状花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和碱长花岗岩。精确的锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ法研究证明,它们形成于石炭纪末期至早二叠世末期。闪长岩、似斑状花岗岩的岩相学和岩石化学具有Ｉ型花岗岩的特征,而二云母花岗岩充分表现了Ｓ型花岗岩的岩相学和岩石化学特征。与洋中脊花岗岩相比,它们不同程度地富集Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ而贫于Ｔａ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ,显示了碰撞造山阶段花岗岩的地球化学特征。碱长花岗岩主要由钾长石、钠长石、石英和富羟铁云母组分的黑云母组成。它们普遍具有高的ＳｉＯ２、Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎｂ、Ｙ、ＲＥＥ（Ｅｕ除外）丰度和Ｆｅ／Ｍｇ比值,以及低的ＣａＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｅｕ丰度。从而,系统地显示了Ａ２型花岗岩的普遍特征。证明它们形成于后造山垮塌阶段。各种岩石的εＳｒ（ｔ）界于＋３７．７５和＋２１００．７之间,而εＮｄ（ｔ）界于－４．４２和－６．５１之间,证明它们全部源自于陆壳物质的深熔作用。北天山古洋盆于晚石炭世的闭合导致了南天山碰撞造山作用。而在早二叠世末期,更大范围的大陆伸展作用与南天山的后造山垮塌作用同步。  相似文献   

变质流体地球化学：从静态定性“流”向动态定量   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

郑永飞  傅斌 《岩石学报》1999,15(4):564-575

对变质岩的矿物学演化研究使岩石学家和地球化学家认识到,流体流动在变质作用过程中发挥着重要的作用。根据变质矿物共生组合、化学和同位素数据能够鉴别流体在变质体中所流经的区域,确定流体的数量、相对于温度和压力梯度以及岩石接触带的流体流动方向,并确定流体活动的时代。仅在特殊的矿物组合、流体成分、温度和压力条件下,流体可能沿矿物颗粒缝隙的网状交叉的显微通道流动。变质流体流动对于研究地壳的热和质量传输及变形机制和速率有着重要的作用。在各种地壳环境中都存在大量的含水流体,区域和接触变质岩石具有的时间积分流量远远大于紧邻岩石脱水所提供的数量。支持高水流量的证据包括不同学科种类,例如岩石学、矿物学、结构和显微构造以及稳定同位素。渗透率增大可能是促使流体流量变大的主要机制。通过同位素地球化学家与构造地质学家和岩石学家们之间的密切合作,直接对变质岩渗透率增大机制进行实验测定和理论模拟,并在野外检验渗透率增大模型,将有助于理解变质作用的热和流体循环与变形作用之间的关系。  相似文献   

西秦岭柴家庄、八卦山和天子山花岗岩体地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

毕明波  李永军  杨俊泉 《甘肃地质》2006,15(1):42-46

柴家庄、八卦山和天子山花岗岩体空间上紧密共生,岩性均为二长花岗岩,岩石具富硅、过铝、贫钙的地球化学特征,属钙碱性系列。3个岩体的大离子亲石元素蛛网图和稀土元素配分曲线相关性均较好。3个岩体受印支晚期断裂构造控制,成岩时代相近,是同源岩浆演化不同期次的产物,应统称为柴家庄—八卦山—天子山岩浆带。  相似文献   

Petrology of two granite types from the Tribeč Mountains,Western Carpathians: An example of allanite (+ magnetite) versus monazite dichotomy     

Igor Petrík  Igor Broska 《Geological Journal》1994,29(1):59-78

Two granitoid series have been distinguished in the Tribeč Mountains (Western Carpathians) on the basis of the contrasting petrological behaviour of their accessory minerals. The allanite–magnetite-bearing (AM) tonalite–granodiorite–granite series typically contains dark magmatic enclaves and is produced from oxidizing, more hydrous (about 5.2 wt.% water) melts that were emplaced at depths equivalent to 350 ± 100 MPa. The monazite-bearing (M) tonalite–granodiorite–granite series contains only metamorphic xenoliths and comes from reduced and drier (about 2.3 wt.% water) melts that were probably emplaced at a shallower depth. The inferred magma properties probably reflect source rock effects. The mineralogical discrimination scheme between the AM and M series corresponds broadly to I- and S-type subdivision and may be useful not only for the granitoid bodies in the Western Carpathians but also for the whole Variscan orogenic belt.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000643   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Takahiro Endo  Toshiaki Tsunogae  M.Santosh  E.Shaji 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(6):801-811

Incipient charnockites represent granulite formation on a mesoscopic scale and have received considerable attention in understanding fluid processes in the deep crust.Here we report new petrological data from an incipient charnockite locality at Rajapalaiyam in the Madurai Block,southern India,and discuss the petrogenesis based on mineral phase equilibrium modeling and pseudosection analysis. Rajapalaiyam is a key locality in southern India from where diagnostic mineral assemblages for ultrahigh-temperature（UHT） metamorphism have been reported.Proximal to the UHT rocks are patches and lenses of charnockite（Kfs + Qtz + Pl + Bt + Opx + Grt + Ilm） occurring within Opx-free Grt-Bt gneiss（Kfs + Pl + Qtz + Bt + Grt + Ilm + Mt） which we report in this study.The application of mineral equilibrium modeling on the charnockitic assemblage in NCKFMASHTO system yields a p-T range of～820℃and～9 kbar.Modeling of the charnockite assemblage in the MnNCKFMASHTO system indicates a slight shift of the equilibrium condition toward lower p and T（～760℃and～7.5 kbar）. which is consistent with the results obtained from geothermobarometry（710—760℃,6.7—7.5 kbar）. but significantly lower than the peak temperatures（>1000℃） recorded from the UHT rocks in this locality,suggesting that charnockitization is a post-peak event.The modeling of T versus molar H₂O content in the rock（M（H₂O）） demonstrates that the Opx-bearing assemblage in charnockite and Opxfree assemblage in Grt-Bt gneiss are both stable at M（H₂O） = 0.3 mol%-0.6 mol%.and there is no significant difference in water activity between the two domains.Our finding is in contrast to the previous petrogenetic model of incipient charnockite formation which envisages lowering of water activity and stabilization of orthopyroxene through breakdown of biotite by dehydration caused by the infiltration of CO₂-rich fluid.T-X_Fe³⁺（= Fe₂O₃/（FeO + Fe₂O₃） in mole） pseudosections suggest that the oxidation condition of the rocks played a major role on the stability of orthopyroxene:Opx is stable at X_Fe³⁺ <0.03 in charnockite.while Opx-free assemblage in Grt-Bt gneiss is stabilized at X_Fe³⁺ >0.12.Such low oxygen fugacity conditions of X_Fe³⁺ <0.03 in the charnockite compared to Grt-Bt gneiss might be related to the infiltration of a reduced fluid（e.g.,H₂O + CH₄） during the retrograde stage.  相似文献   

Petrology and geochronology of the Namche Barwa Complex in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, Tibet: Constraints on the origin and evolution of the north-eastern margin of the Indian Craton   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Zeming Zhang  Xin DongM. Santosh  Feng LiuWei Wang  Fei YiuZhenyu He  Kun Shen 《Gondwana Research》2012,21(1):123-137

The Namche Barwa Complex (NBC) in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, south Tibet, is generally interpreted as the north-eastern extremity of the exposed Greater Himalayan Sequence, comprising Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic sedimentary strata along the northern margin of the Indian continent. Field and petrological investigations indicate that the NBC consists mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolites and calc-silicate rocks. U-Pb zircon data demonstrate that the protoliths of the orthogneiss formed during late Paleoproterozoic at ca. 1610 Ma and also in early Paleozoic at ca. 490-500 Ma. The amphibolites were derived from mafic magmatic rocks formed during 1645 to 1590 Ma. Zircons in the paragneisses have highly variable inherited zircon ages ranging from the Neoarchean to early Paleozoic, with four major age populations of 2490 Ma, 1640 Ma, 990 Ma and 480 Ma. The calc-silicate rock has zircons with early Paleozoic metamorphic age of 538 Ma. Almost all the rocks of the NBC have been metamorphosed during Cenozoic with the metamorphic zircon U-Pb ages ranging from 8 to 30 Ma and a peak at 23 Ma. These, together with previous results suggest that the NBC was originally derived from an Andean-type orogeny following the Columbia supercontinent assembly, and experienced multiple reworking during the Grenvillian, Pan-African and Himalayan orogenies. We conclude that the NBC in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis was derived from different provenance and tectonic setting as compared to those of the Greater Himalayan Sequence which constitutes the high-grade metamorphic core of the western and central Himalayan orogenic belt. We thus infer that the NBC was originally part of the eastern segment of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone.  相似文献