胶北西留古元古代~2.1Ga变辉长岩岩石学与年代学初步研究   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1  

刘平华  刘福来  王舫  刘建辉  蔡佳 《岩石学报》2013,29(7):2371-2390

胶北西留古元古代变辉长岩主要由二辉麻粒岩与辉石斜长角闪岩所组成,且以不规则透镜体的形式赋存于新太古代花岗质片麻岩与英云闪长质片麻岩之中.岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析、矿物化学研究、传统地质温压计计算与锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,胶北西留变辉长岩记录了十分复杂的演化历史,其中早期残留的原岩标志性岩浆结构以辉长辉绿结构为特征,早期残留的单斜辉石为高温低钙的普通辉石(M0),此阶段形成的岩浆锆石记录了其原岩形成时代为2102±3Ma.峰期麻粒岩相变质阶段(M1)的矿物组合以斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石+石英为特征,记录的温压条件为T=800 ～ 850℃,P＜0.65～0.75GPa;晚期角闪石的生长表明岩石又经历了降温冷却的过程(M2),其稳定的矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+单斜辉石,记录的温压条件为T=675～700℃,P=0.40 ～0.55GPa,变质阶段形成的变质锆石记录了其变质时代为1907±16Ma.胶北西留变辉长岩记录了含有近等压降温变质过程的顺时针P-T轨迹.结合本区其它研究资料,本文认为西留古元古代变辉长岩是胶北地区古元古代地层沉积之前一次地壳伸展作用的产物,并于古元古代晚期(1.95～1.80Ga)卷入了胶北碰撞造山作用过程.  相似文献   

Petrological and geochemical characteristics of Marunthurkota syenites from the Kerala khondalite belt,southern India     

C. Sreejith  G. R. Ravindra Kumar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(3):386-392

This note reports new occurrences of syenite bodies around Marunthurkota area from the Kerala khondalite belt (KKB). Petrological and geochemical studies suggest that the syenites have a pronounced A-type affinity, metaluminous characteristics with high concentrations of alkalies, Rb, Sr, Zr, and high K₂O/Na₂O ratio. Miaskitic nature (agpaitic index<1) of syenite suggest involvement of CO₂ related phase in their genesis. The petrological characteristics signify crystallization of the rock at shallow levels within the crust. Geochemistry favours mantle origin of the magma and enrichment of Ba and Sr are indicative of involvement of carbonatite melt in the source region. The study envisages the presence of a juvenile CO₂ enriched upper mantle below the southern Indian continental crust during the Pan-African time.  相似文献   

The provenance,petrology and sedimentology of building stone in Bromyard,Herefordshire, UK     

《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(3):480-499

A multi-disciplinary study was undertaken of the Lower Old Red Sandstone building stones of Bromyard, Bromyard Downs and Bringsty Common, Herefordshire, UK, to trace their original quarry sources. 196 stone structures were recorded in detail and 3 broad lithological groups recognised. Combining old maps, archival sources, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and testimony of local residents, the historic quarries in the area have been mapped. Field studies of the geology of quarries and outcrops have established the area of origin of two distinctive coarse grained lithologies. Intraformational conglomerates have been demonstrated, with some confidence, to be derived from Bromyard itself. Coarse, pebbly, quartzose sandstones have been traced to Bringsty Common and shown to be used only in the church in Bromyard before the 20th century. The origins of fine grained sandstone are found to be more complex. Through a combination of fieldwork and archival research, Clater Park Quarry is indicated as the origin of high quality green sandstones in Bromyard. 15 samples of sandstone from the Bromyard Downs, have been petrographically analysed by point counting to determine their clastic and mineralogical proportions. Early results of this analysis are presented which show modal variation in lithics, feldspars and cements that may serve to link quarries to buildings. Finally, it is suggested that at least some of the diversity of stone present in Bromyard is the result of slight variation in depositional processes in the immediately underlying bedrock.  相似文献   

Petrology,geochemistry and source characteristics of the Burpala alkaline massif,North Baikal   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

N.V. Vladykin  I.A. Sotnikova 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(4):711-719

The Burpala alkaline massif contains rocks with more than 50 minerals rich in Zr,Nb,Ti,Th,Be and rare earth elements(REE).The rocks vary in composition from shonkinite,melanocratic syenite,nepheline and alkali syenites to alaskite and alkali granite and contain up to 10%LILE and HSFE,3.6%of REE and varying amounts of other trace elements(4%Zr,0.5%Y,0.5%Nb,0.5%Th and 0.1%U).Geological and geochemical data suggest that all the rocks in the Burpala massif were derived from alkaline magma enriched in rare earth elements.The extreme products of magma fractionation are REE rich pegmatites,apatite-fiuorite bearing rocks and carbonatites.The Sr and Nd isotope data suggest that the source of primary melt is enriched mantle(EM-Ⅱ).We correlate the massif to mantle plume impact on the active margin of the Siberian continent.  相似文献   

Post-collisional lamprophyric event in Sierra Norte, Córdoba, Argentina: Mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic characteristics     

M.S. O&#x;Leary  R. Lira  M.J. Dorais  C.C.G. Tassinari 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2009,28(3):277-287

Over 20 lamprophyre dykes, varying in width between a few centimeters and several meters, have been identified in central Sierra Norte – Eastern Pampean Ranges, Córdoba, Argentina. Their mineralogy and chemistry indicate that they are part of the calc-alkaline lamprophyres clan (CAL). They contain phenocrysts of magnesiohornblende ± augite set in a groundmass of magnesiohornblende, calcic-plagioclase, alkali feldspar, and opaque minerals, which designate them as spessartite-type lamprophyres. Alteration products include chlorite, calcite and iron oxides after mafic phenocrysts, though some are partially replaced by actinolite. Feldspars are replaced by carbonate and clay minerals.The dykes are relatively primitive, and show restricted major element variation (SiO₂ 51.1–55.3 wt.%, Al₂O₃ 12–16.6 wt.%, total alkalies 1.5–4.7 wt.%), high Mg# (55–77), high Cr contents (27–988 ppm) and moderate to high Ni contents (60–190 ppm). Lamprophyre LILE (e.g. Rb averages 110 ppm, Sr 211–387 ppm, Ba 203–452 ppm) are high relative to HFSE (e.g., Ta 0.2–1.6 ppm, Nb 4–11 ppm, Y 17–21 ppm), and are enriched in LREE (30–70 times chondrite). They are characterized by relatively high ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (38.8–39.9), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.7), and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.7–20.1), combined with low (epsilon)ε_Nd (−4.69 to −1.52) and a relative moderately high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i of 0.7055–0.7074. The Rb–Sr whole rock isochron indicates an Early Ordovician age of 485 ± 25 Ma. The calculated T_DM (1.7 Ga) suggests that these rocks appear to have originated from a reservoir that was created during a mantle metasomatism event related to the Pampean orogeny.The Sierra Norte lamprophyres show affinities with a subduction-related magma in an active continental margin. Their geochemical and isotopic features suggest a multicomponent source, composed of enriched mantle material variably contaminated by crustal components. The lamprophyric suite emplacement occurred at the dawning stage of the Pampean orogeny, in a regional post-collisional extensional setting developed in the Sierra Norte-Ambargasta batholith (SNAB) in Early Ordovician times.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of basalt–trachyte lavas from Olmoti Crater, Tanzania     

Godwin F. Mollel  Carl C. Swisher III  Lindsay J. McHenry  Mark D. Feigenson  Michael J. Carr 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,54(5):127-143

Olmoti Crater is part of the Plio-Pleistocene Ngorongoro Volcanic Highland (NVH) in northern Tanzania to the south of Gregory Rift. The Gregory Rift is part of the eastern branch of the East African Rift System (EARS) that stretches some 4000 km from the Read Sea and Gulf of Aden in the north to the Zambezi River in Mozambique. Here, we (1) characterize the chemistry and mineral compositions of lavas from Olmoti Crater, (2) determine the age and duration of Olmoti volcanic activity through ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of Olmoti Crater wall lavas and (3) determine the genesis of Olmoti lavas and the relationship to other NVH and EARS volcanics and (4) their correlation with volcanics in the Olduvai and Laetoli stratigraphic sequences.Olmoti lavas collected from the lower part of the exposed crater wall section (OLS) range from basalt to trachyandesite whereas the upper part of the section (OUS) is trachytic. Petrography and major and trace element data reflect a very low degree partial melt origin for the Olmoti lavas, presumably of peridotite, followed by extensive fractionation. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data overlap whereas Nd and Pb isotope data are distinct between OLS and OUS samples. Interpretation of the isotope data suggests mixing of enriched mantle (EM I) with high-μ-like reservoirs, consistent with the model of Bell and Blenkinsop [Bell, K., Blenkinsop, J., 1987. Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of East African carbonatites: implications for mantle heterogeneity. Geology 5, 99–102] for East African carbonatite lavas. The isotope ratios are within the range of values defined by Oceanic Island Basalt (OIB) globally and moderate normalized Tb/Yb ratios (2.3–1.6) in these lavas suggest melting in the lithospheric mantle consistent with other studies in the region.⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar incremental-heating analyses of matrix and anorthoclase separates from Olmoti OLS and OUS lavas indicate that volcanic activity was short in duration, lasting 200 kyr from 2.01 ± 0.03 Ma to 1.80 ± 0.01 Ma. The age of Olmoti activity overlaps with ages reported for Ngorongoro Caldera, implying contemporaneous activity of multiple NVH volcanic centers during part of the eruption interval.Olmoti is considered the source for the bulk of interbedded volcanics and volcaniclastic deposits that comprise much of the upper Bed I section of nearby Olduvai Gorge, and part of the Laetoli sequence, both known for their well preserved fossils and archaeological remains. Age and chemical data reported here are compatible with those derived from tephra and lava interbedded in Bed I at Olduvai Gorge and from the Olpiro Beds at Laetoli.  相似文献   

Fluid venting activity on the Costa Rica margin: new results from authigenic carbonates   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

Xiqiu?HanEmail author  Erwin?Suess  Heiko?Sahling  Klaus?Wallmann 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2004,93(4):596-611

Carbonate precipitates on mounds and along tectonic scarps off the Costa Rica margin are manifestations of subduction-induced dewatering. The long-term dewatering history is recorded in mineralogical, petrological and isotope signals of carbonates recovered from these sites. The carbonates are strongly depleted in ¹³C (–11 to –53 PDB) and enriched in ¹⁸O (+4 to +8 PDB). Thermogenic methane and biogenic methane were identified as sources of the carbon. Chemoherm carbonates and seepage-associated carbonates formed in a focused flow regime have lighter ¹³C values, while others formed in a more diffusive flow regime have slightly enriched C isotope values. Three fluid components were inferred based on the calculation of equilibrium ¹⁸O: clay dehydration water, gas hydrate water and seawater. Calculated equilibrium ¹⁸O values of carbonates from different down-core depths as well as from different precipitation stages show that the ¹⁸O of the precipitating fluid is progressively depleted with time. Dolostones showing a methane-C source and a well constrained O-isotope signature are thought to have formed at depth in the sediment and subsequently became exhumed. Glauconitic sandstones cemented by methane-derived carbonate provide evidence that fluid and solid material have been expelled by the mud volcano.  相似文献   

Maceral/ microlithotype partitioning with particle size of pulverized coal: Examples from power plants burning Central Appalachian and Illinois basin coals   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

James C. Hower   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,73(3-4):213-218

Pulverized coals from eleven power plants burning Central Appalachian coal blends and eight power plants burning Illinois Basin coal blends were studied in order to assess the petrographic nature of industrial-scale coal grinding. All coals were high volatile bituminous. Coals were wet screened at 100 (150 μ), 200 (75 μ), 325 (about 40 μ), and 500 (about 25 μ) mesh. Petrographic analysis of the whole coals and size fractions consisted of a combined maceral and microlithotype analysis. Microlithotype analysis, in particular, provides a reasonable approximation of the whole-particle composition at the scale of utility coal pulverization. In the size fractions, duroclarite, the most abundant trimaceral microlithotype, is most abundant in the coarsest fraction and least abundant in the finest fraction. Vitrite, the most abundant monomaceral microlithotype, exhibits the opposite trend. Duroclarite becomes more enriched in vitrinite towards the finer sizes. The partitioning of microlithotypes and the partitioning of macerals within the microlithotypes is indicative of the relative brittle nature of vitrite compared to the hard-to-grind trimaceral microlithotypes. Increased vitrinite in duroclarite is an indication that the microlithotype within the particular size fraction is more brittle than relatively vitrinite-depleted duroclarite in coarser fractions. The relative grindability of microlithotypes will, in turn, impact combustion efficiency.  相似文献   

西藏日喀则蛇绿岩中石榴角闪岩的矿物、岩石地球化学特征     

张鑫  李旭平  王泽利  赵令权  史同强  段文勇 《岩石学报》2016,32(12):3685-3702

西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中段日喀则地区的白朗蛇绿混杂岩中,存在作为变质底板的石榴角闪岩。本文对其进行了矿物学、变质温压条件和岩石地球化学研究。根据岩相学和矿物化学研究,日喀则石榴角闪岩经历了四个变质阶段,矿物组合分别为:Am_1+Pl_1+Ep_1+Ttn(M1);Grt-c+Cpx-e+Ep_2+Pl_2+Rt(M2);Grt-r+Ep_3/Czo_3+Cpx-l+Am_3+Pl_3+Ttn(M3)和Prh+Ab+Czo+Chl+Cal(M4)。根据SAFMCNHO体系矿物组合演化的视剖面图,结合传统的地质温压计,估算出峰期前的温压条件为560~620℃/9.1~9.8kbar;峰值为830~870℃/18.0~22.0kbar,退变质阶段保留了640~680℃/10.7~14.9kbar的温压条件,最终止于葡萄石-绿纤石的前绿片岩相变质条件;得出一条逆时针的P-T轨迹。白朗变质底板的岩性可分为三类,即石榴角闪岩、角闪辉石岩和单辉角闪岩。三种岩性具有相似的地球化学性质:主量元素具有低钛(0.92%~1.29%)、低钾(0.26%)、低钠(0.24%~2.46%)的特征。稀土元素和微量元素特征与N-MROB相似,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、U),亏损部分高场强元素(Nb、Ti、Zr、Hf),表现出白朗蛇绿混杂岩中的石榴角闪岩等与洋中脊玄武岩有亲缘性,且叠加有俯冲上板片SSZ环境特征。白朗石榴角闪岩的存在表明日喀则蛇绿岩在形成后不久就发生了构造就位,体现了大洋内部俯冲/侵位事件。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000631   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Jacques L.R.Touret  Jan Marten Huizenga 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(6):745-753

Charnockites sensu lato（charnockite-enderbite series） are lower crustal felsic rocks typically characterised by the presence of anhydrous minerals including orthopyroxene and garnet.They either represent dry（H₂O-poor） felsic magmas that are emplaced in the lower crust or granitic intrusions that have been dehydrated during a subsequent granulite facies metamorphic event.In the first case,postmagmatic high-temperature recrystallisation may result in widespread metamorphic granulite microstructures, superimposed or replacing the magmatic microstructures.Despite recrystallisation,magmatic remnants may still be found,notably in the form of melt-related microstructures such as melt inclusions. For both magmatic charnockites and dehydrated granites,subsequent fluid-mineral interaction at intergrain boundaries during retrogradation are documented by microstructures including K-feldspar microveins and myrmekites.They indicate that a large quantity of low-H₂O activity salt-rich brines,were present（together with CO₂ under immiscible conditions） in the lower crust.  相似文献