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81.
For technical reasons, virtually all plastic deformation experiments on geological materials have been performed in either pure shear or simple shear. These special case loading geometries are rather restrictive for those seeking insight into how microstructure evolves under the more general loading geometries that occur during natural deformation. Moreover, they are insufficient to establish how plastic flow properties might vary with the 3rd invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor (J3) which describes the stress configuration, and so applications that use those flow properties (e.g. glaciological and geodynamical modelling) may be correspondingly compromised. We describe an inexpensive and relatively straightforward modification to the widely used Paterson rock deformation apparatus that allows torsion experiments to be performed under simultaneously applied axial loads. We illustrate the performance of this modification with the results of combined stress experiments performed on Carrara marble and Solnhofen limestone at 500°–600 °C and confining pressures of 300 MPa. The flow stresses are best described by the Drucker yield function which includes J3-dependence. However, that J3-dependence is small. Hence for these initially approximately isotropic calcite rocks, flow stresses are adequately described by the J3-independent von Mises yield criterion that is widely used in deformation modelling. Loading geometry does, however, have a profound influence on the type and rate of development of crystallographic preferred orientation, and hence of mechanical anisotropy. The apparatus modification extends the range of loading geometries that can be used to investigate microstructural evolution, as well as providing greater scope for determining the shape of the yield surface in plastically anisotropic materials. 相似文献
82.
高温地热钻井过程中,温度会对泡沫钻井液体系稳定性造成影响。针对高温地热井泡沫钻井液的技术要点,分别对发泡剂、稳泡剂、抗温土的优选,在此基础之上分别对泡沫钻井液的抗高温性能、抗污染能力进行了评价。实验结果表明:(1)优选出的发泡剂/聚合物/粘土体系在不同温度下进行测试,均具有良好的泡沫稳定性和发泡能力,说明初步形成的泡沫体系具有良好的抗230℃高温的能力。(2)通过模拟欠平衡钻进过程中地热水对泡沫钻井液体系的污染发现,该体系耐一价盐能达到20%,而且在加入5%CaCl_2后析液半衰期仍在5 min以上,最终形成一套抗高温能力可达230℃,具有较好悬浮携带能力的地热井抗高温环保钻井液体系。 相似文献
83.
Persistent organic pollutants carried by synthetic polymers in the ocean environment 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Thermoplastic resin pellets are melted and formed into an enormous number of inexpensive consumer goods, many of which are discarded after a relatively short period of use, dropped haphazardly onto watersheds and then make their way to the ocean where some get ingested by marine life. In 2003 and 2004 pre-production thermoplastic resin pellets and post-consumer plastic fragments were collected and analyzed for contamination for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Samples were taken from the North Pacific Gyre, and selected sites in California, Hawaii, and from Guadalupe Island, Mexico. The total concentration of PCBs ranged from 27 to 980 ng/g; DDTs from 22 to 7100 ng/g and PAHs from 39 to 1200 ng/g, and aliphatic hydrocarbons from 1.1 to 8600 microg/g. Analytical methods were developed to extract, concentrate and identify POPs that may have accumulated on plastic fragments and plastic pellets. The results of this study confirm that plastic debris is a trap for POPs. 相似文献
84.
泡塑吸附分离萃取光度法测定粉煤灰中的镓 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
试验了在盐酸介质中聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附分离镓的性能,将该性能用于粉煤灰分离镓的预处理过程,罗丹明B萃取光度法定量测定镓含量。结果表明,室温条件下,在6 mol/L盐酸溶液中,聚氨酯泡沫塑料对镓有良好的吸附性能,90 m in可达吸附平衡,饱和吸附量为每克泡塑可吸附42 mg镓;被吸附的镓可用0.5 mol/L氯化铵溶液定量洗脱;用罗丹明B萃取光度法测定镓含量时,镓浓度在0~1.0μg/mL服从比尔定律,检出限为0.008 mg/L。测定粉煤灰样品中镓的含量,加标回收率在103%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=20)为1.5%,富集分离效果明显,选择性高。 相似文献
85.
86.
87.
痕量价态金的载炭泡塑吸附分离研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
研究了载炭泡塑对不同价态金的吸附选择性。当HCl溶液浓度1%-10%时,载炭泡塑对纳克量Au(Ⅲ)吸附率为96.3%-96.8%,而对Au(Ⅰ),Au(0)不产生吸附,分别在溶液和残渣中的Au(Ⅰ)和Au(0)经过滤分离,用王水处理后,由载炭泡塑分别吸附,其回收率分别为96.5%和98.9%。 相似文献
88.
Smith NA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1105-1108
The grounding of the container feeder vessel MV CITA on Newfoundland Rocks, Isles of Scilly, had an effect on the surrounding biota and benthic environment. Included in the CITA's cargo were five 40 ft containers holding pallets of polyester film used in the production of audio and visual recording tapes. The wreckage presented a minor but potentially chronic source of pollution through the delayed release of polythene film, which was left on the seabed as it was considered insufficiently valuable to warrant salvage. The polythene disintegrated and was washed upon the foreshore of Porth Hellick in minute shreds. The adjacent foreshore and two control sites within the islands were analysed using a 5-strand line and vegetation survey with 10 random quadrats within each line to determine the environmental impact of the polythene. 相似文献
89.
针对西部特殊景观区海拔高、地势险峻、地形地质条件复杂、自然条件恶劣、地理位置偏远、交通不便等问题,我国科研人员经过多年努力,开发并完善了一批适合于特殊景观区的钻探技术——空气组合钻探技术、水文水井泡沫增压钻探技术、复杂地层钻探取样新技术、液动潜孔锤钻进技术、特殊地层取样钻机及钻探工艺、节水钻探新技术、新疆吐鲁番铀矿勘探及罗布泊环境科学钻探用取样工艺、西部特殊景观区资源勘查及重大建设工程中地质灾害监测和防治新技术、存储式多点连续测斜仪等,介绍了各项新技术的原理、研究进展及取得的成果。 相似文献
90.