The use of the deposit-refund framework in port reception facilities charging systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Georgakellos DA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(5):508-520

The European Union set in place Directive 2000/59/EC with the aim of substantially reducing discharges of ship-generated waste into the sea by improving the availability and use of port reception facilities. According to the Directive, port administrations shall ensure that the cost recovery system must aim to discourage ships from discharging their waste into the sea, while simultaneously placing the burden of costs on ships, in line with the "polluter pays principle". The present paper examines the extent to which the deposit-refund framework could be used in charging systems of port reception facilities. This has been realized through a case study involving a Greek port. Specifically, the charging system proposed here seems to approach quite close to the primary target, i.e. to a charging system that motivates ships to act more environmentally responsible manner regarding their waste, without significantly affecting their total cost nor the competitiveness of the port.  相似文献   

巴基斯坦瓜达尔港气象要素特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

邓明仔  何清  阿力木·阿巴斯  金莉莉  周成龙  杨锐 《山东气象》2020,40(4):124-132

利用克拉玛依-瓜达尔友好城市气象站2018年1月1日至2019年12月31日逐日及逐小时气温、气压、降水、相对湿度、水汽压、风向风速观测资料,对瓜达尔港的气象要素特征进行分析。结果表明：1）瓜达尔港属热带沙漠气候,年平均气温为26.9 ℃,最热月为5—7月,最冷月为1月。瓜达尔港气温年较差、日较差分别为12.5 ℃和6.5 ℃,各季节间气温差异较小。其极端高温达42.7 ℃,极端低温为11.9 ℃。2）瓜达尔港年平均气压为1 009.1 hPa,气压最大值出现在12月和1月,最小值出现在7月,季节差异明显。3）瓜达尔港受制于副热带高压,常年干旱少雨,降水年季之间分布不均,差异明显。2018年年降水量为0.3 mm,集中于冬季;2019年年降水量为67.6 mm,主要集中于秋冬两季。相对湿度和水汽压年均值分别是67.3%和24.3 hPa。4）瓜达尔港年平均风速为2.4 m·s-1,白天风速大于夜晚风速。四季中春季风速偏大,夏季、秋季次之,冬季偏小。风向季节性变化明显,盛行风向除东北风外,还包括西南风。出现频率最高的是2级风,其次是1级风和3级风,6级以上大风出现频率为0。  相似文献   

吉隆口岸地质环境质量研究     

王健  傅荣华  刘娉慧  柯青青  杜海涛 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(1):72-75

在分析吉隆口岸地质环境影响因素的基础上,建立以地质环境质量为目标层,以地面坡度等11个因素为方案层的指标体系.采用层次分析法和模糊综合评判法,根据最大隶属度原则对研究区地质环境质量进行定量分区评价,评价结果和现场定性评价基本一致.这表明指标体系和评价方法比较合理.该研究成果对口岸的规划建设具有指导意义.  相似文献   

IMO legislation and its implementation: Accident risk,vessel deficiencies and national administrative practices     

Olav F. Knudsen  Björn Hassler 《Marine Policy》2011

The article takes as its point of departure the apparently contradictory findings in recent research about accident rates in shipping and IMO implementation records. It is argued here that although IMO conventions have probably greatly improved shipping safety, they cannot credibly be held to be the chief cause of reduced accident rates as claimed in a recent Marine Policy article, when the documented failures of flag state and port state implementation continue to leave vessels sailing with grave deficiencies. The present analysis posits and corroborates a cluster of linked tendencies that jointly undermine IMO implementation. The core problem is IMO’s weak connection to the national maritime administrations, leading to broadly discretionary practices, exacerbated by language difficulties. Adding new rules is no panacea, as new rules in some cases negatively affect the functioning of existing regulations, and sometimes seem motivated mainly to show political alertness. The structural weakness of the IMO/member state link is the core implementation problem that urgently needs to be dealt with if marine safety is to be improved. The concluding section proposes a reform to bring the IMO out of this conundrum and ensure effective implementation.  相似文献   

渔业捕捞对威海港附近海域底上大型底栖群落结构影响的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩庆喜  李宝泉  韩秋影  张永  王跃启  王全超  刘东艳 《海洋通报》2011,30(2):121-126

根据2009年8月对威海港附近海域9个站位的拖网调查资料,初步分析了威海港近海底上大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落结构、种类组成、优势种、丰度和生物量、多样性等.应用PRIMIER 6.0进行了物种多样性、群落指数和ABc曲线等的分析.本次调查共采到底柄动物48种,其中甲壳动物19种,鱼类14种,各站位的大型底栖动...  相似文献   

人工干预下河北省淤泥质海岸岸线演变及其环境效应分析     

韩晓庆  李静  张芸  甄彦龙  高伟明  李伟妙 《海洋科学》2011,35(11):11-18

以多期地形图、海图, 多时相航空影像图、卫星遥感数据, 多年实测数据为主要数据源, 综合运用GIS 软件室内判读与野外实地调查相结合的技术方法, 系统分析了人工干预下河北省淤泥质海岸岸线近50 a（1956～2006 年）来演变过程、动因, 深入探讨了海岸岸线演变特征及其对周边岸滩产生的环境效应。结果表明： 河北省淤泥...  相似文献   

海港城市的成长模式   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

吴传钧  高小真 《地理研究》1989,8(4):9-15

本文以动力结构的演变规律为基础,探讨海港城市的经济发展规律,得出了有关海港城市成长模式的一般性结论。  相似文献   

How useful are port surveys focused on target pest identification for exotic species management?     

Bishop MJ  Hutchings PA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(1):36-42

Monitoring surveys are an important tool for detecting new arrivals of exotic species, for documenting patterns of invasion, and exotic species impacts. Faced with time and cost constraints, these surveys are increasingly focused on lists of target pest species, identified as being most likely to arrive and cause significant harm. We used the national survey of Australian international ports for introduced marine pests as a case study to assess: (1) the taxonomic rigor of surveys focused on detection of target species; and (2) how the ability of port surveys to inform invasion patterns is dependent on taxonomic approach. Our analysis of the 46 available reports revealed common sub-optimal taxonomic practices that compromised their utility to identify abiotic conditions that are good predictors of biological invasion. Thus, although surveys for target species may provide information on the distribution of a handful of species, they may fail to do much else.  相似文献   

湛江港浒苦、礁膜生态调查及初步采苗研究     

刘思俭  揭振英  曾淑芳 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(1)

报导了１９９４～１９９５年春在湛江港进行浒苔、礁膜的生态调查。每月在湛江港的特呈岛东北角及南三岛湖村两个海区插竹签观察幼苗附着及藻体的消长情况。发现４月份大部份藻体成熟，并放散孢子。５月份藻体逐渐消失。６月底竹签上出现极小的幼苗，７、８、９三个月幼苗生长缓慢，１０月份幼苗生长加快，１１月份藻体长达３～５ｃｍ，１２、１、２月份生长最茂盛。１１月份又在两海区各安放一个１００×１００ｃｍ的维尼纶网片，１２月份附着一定数量的幼苗，生长迅速．２月份长达１０ｃｍ以上。３月份收获，特呈岛海区为１１６ｇ／ｍ２干品，南三岛海区为１２５ｇ／ｍ２干品。初步结论：采天然苗生产应该在１１月份进行。  相似文献   

考虑波浪辐射应力的潮流泥沙数学模型     

李大鸣  欧阳锡钰  潘番  杨紫佩 《海洋通报》2014,33(6):703-711

根据海岸河口地区潮流、波浪、泥沙的运动特点及其相互作用机制,考虑了波浪场产生的"波浪辐射应力"和"波流挟沙力"动力要素对潮流场和泥沙运动的影响,在泥沙扩散方程中考虑了紊动水流作用,采用有限元加权集中质量法,建立了考虑波浪作用的潮流泥沙数学模型,并利用锦州港港区的潮流及泥沙资料对模型进行了验证。验证结果表明,潮位吻合良好,流速、流向、含沙量分布基本相似。在此基础上,模拟了工程建设前后,港区附近潮流场和泥沙淤积的变化,分析了泥沙骤淤现象。模拟结果表明,该数学模型能够适用于海岸河口地区潮流、泥沙的模拟,为波浪作用下潮流场和泥沙淤积的预测提供一种新的模拟方法,具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献