Environmental governance through guidance: The ‘making up’ of expert practitioners     

《Geoforum》2015

Political power has received curiously limited attention within the vast literature on environmental governance. This article addresses this research lacuna by employing a particular perspective on power – governmentality – to examine the environment as a site for the contestation of power and authority. Our empirical focus is the ‘making up’ (after Hacking (1986)) of expert practitioners through an apparently innocuous governance strategy: the publication of non-binding guidance documents. Qualitative document analysis is undertaken to elucidate how the identities of expert practitioners are constituted in guidance documents published under the auspices of powerful actors (the World Bank, the Danish Ministry of Environment and the Dutch Commission for Environmental Assessment) operating at various geospatial scales and within particular political contexts. The publication of guidance is interpreted as a purposeful attempt to problematize and reframe practices. The skills, values and conducts that expert practitioners are expected to reproduce and the desires and aspirations of those that would govern are analyzed and discussed. These vary widely in the case study guidance, from the constitution of the practitioner as agential policy entrepreneur radically intervening in political systems in developing countries in the guidance published under the auspices of the World Bank to the expert practitioner as a mediator of supranational political influence, and hence national authority, in the Danish case. The analysis raises a number of conceptual and empirical questions about the strategy of governing through guidance, and the article concludes with recommendations for further research to better comprehend the taken for granted miniature of the machinery of environmental governance.  相似文献   

太阳活动低年时太阳同步轨道电场高频(HF)波的观测特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

马玉端  路立  杨俊英  曹晋滨  张学民  陈化然  周国成 《地球物理学报》2011,54(6):1421-1432

文章使用搭载在DEMETER卫星上的电场探测仪器(Instrument Champ Electrique,ICE)在太阳活动低年(2007年2月4日到2008年2月3日)所探测的数据,研究频率从10 kHz到3.33 MHz宽频段的高频(HF)电场波功率谱的空间分布特征.地磁宁静期间,从2.08 MHz到3.33 MH...  相似文献   

地磁台站的城市轨道交通干扰的小波抑制方法研究——以天津轨道交通干扰为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

谢凡  滕云田  胡星星  李琪  徐沁 《地球物理学报》2011,54(10):2698-2707

我国地磁台站观测环境日益受到轨道交通干扰影响,导致地磁观测数据质量下降,制约地磁观测发展.因此,开展干扰抑制的数据处理方法研究,最大限度抑制干扰是提高观测数据质量切实可行的方法.本文提出轨道交通干扰的小波域噪声阈值抑制模型及方法.以天津轨道交通为例,选用受干扰的天津静海地磁台和未受干扰的参考台站河北红山地磁台观测资料,...  相似文献   

High-damping, high-Reynolds VIV tests for energy harnessing using the VIVACE converter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.H. Lee 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(16):1697-1712

The VIVACE converter enhances VIV to harness horizontal hydrokinetic energy of water flows. High-Reynolds and high-damping are required to operate VIVACE in ocean/river currents. Scarce VIV data exist in that parametric subspace. Tests are performed for Reynolds number 40,000<Re<120,000 and damping 0<ζ<0.16 in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water Channel of the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Extensive testing was made possible by building a virtual damper-spring apparatus, which has been system identified and verified with real damper-spring tests. Thus, damping and stiffness are adjusted by software rather than hardware. From the VIV tests, the optimal damping for energy harnessing was found for velocity 0.40 m/s<U<1.10 m/s using spring stiffness 400 N/m<k<1800 N/m. Thus, the VIVACE converter power envelope is developed. The following experimental observations are made: (1) In the high-lift TrSL3 and TrBL0 flow regimes, high-amplitude, high-damping VIV is maintained. (2) VIV strongly depends on Reynolds. (3) The amplitude ratio (A/D) increases with Reynolds number within the upper branch of the VIV synchronization range. (4) In TrSL3/TrBL0, A/D of 1.78 was achieved for a smooth cylinder routinely in low damping. (5) Power density of 98.2 W/m³ at 1.03 m/s (2 knots) is achieved including space between cylinders.  相似文献   

An Anisotropic Geomechanical Model for Jointed Rock Masses at Taishan Nuclear Power Station, Southern China     

ZHENG Wentang  CHENG Xiaojiu  WANG Huaan 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(3):858-870

An anisotropic geomechanical model for jointed rock mass is presented. Simultaneously with deriving the orthotropic anisotropy elastic parameters along the positive axis, the equivalent compliance matrix for the deflection axis orthotropic anisotropy was derived through a three-dimensional coordinate transformation. In addition, Singh’s analysis of the stress concentration effects of intermittent joints was adopted, based on two groups of intermittent joints and a set of cross-cutting joints in the jointed rock mass. The stress concentration effects caused by intermittent joints and the coupling effect of cross-cutting joints along the deflection-axis are also considered. The proposed anisotropic mechanics parameters method is applied to determine the deformation parameters of jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station. Combined with the deterministic mechanical parameters of rock blocks and joints, the deformation parameters and their variability in jointed rock masses are estimated quantitatively. The computed results show that jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station exhibits typical anisotropic mechanical characteristics; the elastic moduli in the two horizontal directions were similar, but the elastic modulus in the vertical direction was much greater. Jointed rock elastic moduli in the two horizontal and vertical directions were respectively about 24% and 37% of the core of rock, showing weakly orthotropic anisotropy; the ratio of elastic moduli in the vertical and horizontal directions was 1.53, clearly indicating the transversely isotropic rock mass mechanical characteristics. The method can be popularized to solve other rock mechanics problems in nuclear power engineering.  相似文献   

萧山电厂温排水二维热污染数值模型     

施祖蓉  施麟宝 《海洋学研究》1992,10(1):12-20

本文用二维水流方程和平面热扩散方程模拟电厂温排水在浦阳江中的扩散情况。在数值计算中,对二维水流方程采用显式迎流有限元方法,对平面热扩散方程采用显式直接差分法,并对这两种方法进行了耦合计算。比较全面地分析了电厂向浦阳江排水和取水后,浦阳江水温的分布特性,为选择电厂取排水的工程方式提供了判断依据。  相似文献   

利用易县形变综合观测资料检测日本地震所激发的地球自由振荡     

郭明瑞  张肖  佘雅文  崔泽岩  郭昱琴  胡久常  刘伟  郑华 《内陆地震》2013,27(2):189-194

基于形变数字化观测资料,利用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对易县形变综合观测资料进行任何(固体潮及气压)改正的情况下,获取了2011年3月11日日本发生巨大地震激发的0S4～0S37基频球型自由振荡。并于PREM模型理论自由振荡的周期进行对比分析,得出实测周期与PREM预测振荡周期是相吻合,除0S10周期的相对误差为0.29%,其余周期误差均小于0.1%左右。所得的结论对进一步研究地球的内部结构和震源机制具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

“三权制衡”与“双平行制约”--两种不同民主制约理论的比较分析     

牛福增 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(5):78-82

在社会主义市场经济条件下 ,权力的制约是个重要的理论和现实问题。资本主义的“三权制衡”模式和我国改革开放前实行的“双平行制约”模式 ,其实质类似于几何学中三点确定一个平面和两条平行线确定一个平面的原理。加强社会主义市场经济条件下的监督制约力量、尤其是对公有制经济代理人的权力进行制约 ,是解决民主制衡问题的关键  相似文献   

Splintering urbanism in Mumbai: Contrasting trends in a multilayered society   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marie-Hélène Zérah 《Geoforum》2008,39(6):1922-1932

This paper is an examination of the splintering urbanism argument of the relationship between neo-liberal reforms of infrastructure networks and urban cohesion. Based on an analysis of historical and contemporary processes of infrastructure provision (water, sewerage and power) in colonial/post-colonial Bombay/Mumbai, it questions the assumption of a “modern infrastructure ideal” in the context of developing cities. In Mumbai, the historical analysis reveals the contradictions between this ideal and a hierarchical society. From the outset, access to services (particularly water and sewerage) was highly distorted in favour of the elites, even though utilities networks contributed to urban integration through cross-subsidies within and across sectors, and through the setting up of municipal institutions. Second, ongoing sectoral reforms demonstrate contrasting trends as increased differentiation of services produces both positive – better adaptation to users’ needs – and potentially negative – fragmenting – socio-spatial implications. Third, an understudied potential fragmenting threat also lies in the sectoral approach to reforms as it undermines the existing crosssector subsidies and prevents the articulation of utility reforms with other limiting factors, such as land and transport, which are the main constraints for expanding housing and mobility in the city.  相似文献   

Considering community allocations: Power and the politics of enclosure in the Gulf of Alaska     

《Marine Policy》2016

In 2012, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council initiated the process of designing a new management structure for the Gulf of Alaska trawl groundfish fleet. The new program is currently structured as a catch share program and driven by the need to end the ‘race for fish’ and provide the trawl fleet with the tools to reduce bycatch. To date much of the discussion among policy makers and stakeholders has centered on community protection measures and how best to avoid the negative social and economic impacts of catch share programs including impacts to crew, consolidation and the flight of quota and resource wealth from Gulf of Alaska fishery dependent communities. This paper examines how community protection measures related to the distribution of benefits and access to fishery resources are considered and challenged in the North Pacific today. Special attention is given to the ongoing debate surrounding the potential inclusion of an initial allocation to place-based Gulf of Alaska communities via a Community Fishing Association. As part of this effort, this paper examines the political space and underlying power dynamics in which consideration of alternatives to the commodification of fishing rights occurs.  相似文献