Supporting Mongolian pastoralists by using GIS to identify grazing limitations and opportunities from livestock census and remote sensing data     

M.S. Rasmussen  R. James  T. Adiyasuren  P. Khishigsuren  B. Naranchimeg  R. Gankhuyag  B. Baasanjargal 《GeoJournal》1999,47(4):563-571

Since 1990, Mongolia has experienced a radical change away from centralized livestock production to more traditional rangeland management practices. As the herders now have increased access to the pastures, they need to be able to evaluate the sustainable level of exploitation of the rangeland. This paper demonstrates how pertinent information on the state of the rangeland resources can be made available to herdsmen by using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The focus is on the importance of having a sound data and information framework when assessing rangeland resources. The three main requirements are: first, knowledge of the production system; second, a natural resource inventory; and third, an assessment of the natural resource exploitation. Workshops held in the field brought together herdsmen, administrators, scientists and project personnel to identify and discuss issues of range management. From topographic maps, a digital elevation model was created using GIS, which together with a recent land-cover map elaborated from a SPOT satellite image made it possible to map the important areas suitable for winter grazing. The exact locations of the family winter settlements were recorded and linked to annual livestock statistics using GIS to identify the areas being grazed and to calculate the stocking rates by household. It was shown for the administrative unit of Arbayasgalan that the ratio of stocking rates to carrying capacity exceeded one, which indicates overstocking. However, the uneven distribution of grazing pressure over the study area enabled the proposal of actions to mitigate serious overgrazing. A discussion of range management practices was facilitated by providing the herdsmen with information on the extent and location of the problem. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The nomadic landscape: People in a changing Arctic environment     

Kirsten Hastrup 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):181-189

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 109(2):181–189, 2009

The paper will explore the sense of place in the Thule district, Northern Greenland, including the emotional topography by which people live. The analytical framework is the notion of a nomadic landscape, drawing from the essay on nomadology by Deleuze & Guattari (2004). The nomadic landscape is constituted by a network of spatial centres—or points of reference—from each of which an infinite spatial realm takes its beginning. The ambition is to demonstrate how, in a nomadic landscape, movement is integral to memory, sociability and experience; this is vital to the understanding of present day responses to the reduced mobility owing to changing weather and ice conditions in the Thule district.  相似文献   

临沂市耕地保护工作调查与思考     

李涛  王步远  刘建伟 《山东地质》2011,(12):43-45,52

临沂市属于传统农业大市,耕地资源丰富,农用地占土地总面积的比例较大。近年来,该市始终把保护耕地放在经济发展的第一位,努力做到节约集约用地,用尽可能少的土地产出尽可能多的效益。但也存在一些值得重视的问题,需深入思考与不断探索。该文对临沂市土地资源利用现状进行分析,查找耕地减少的原因及保护过程中存在的问题,并提出解决办法。  相似文献   

It is a moral issue: The relationship between environmental self-identity,obligation-based intrinsic motivation and pro-environmental behaviour     

Ellen van der Werff  Linda Steg  Kees Keizer 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1258-1265

In order to effectively mitigate climate change, people need to adopt environmentally-friendly actions. We argue that some people act in an environmentally-friendly manner without external incentives to do so, but rather because they are intrinsically motivated to do so. There is some initial evidence to suggest that this is particularly likely for people with a strong environmental self-identity. However, not much is known about how environmental self-identity influences pro-environmental actions. In this research, we aimed to test whether, and if so, via which process environmental self-identity is related to environmentally-friendly behaviour. We conducted three studies to test our hypotheses. In the first study, our hypotheses were confirmed in a sample of the general population using a correlational design. In the second study, we replicated our findings with a different indicator of moral obligation and with a different dependent variable. In the third study, we tested our model in an experimental design. Again, we found support for our hypotheses that environmental self-identity is related to one's obligation-based intrinsic motivation (that is, feelings of moral obligation) to act pro-environmentally, which in turn affects pro-environmental actions. As expected, the obligation-based intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between environmental self-identity and environmentally-friendly behaviour. Our findings suggest that strengthening environmental self-identity may be a cost-effective way to promote pro-environmental actions, as people with a strong environmental self-identity are likely to act in an environmentally-friendly manner without an external incentive to do so.  相似文献   

测绘工程专业本科教学实习及实验室管理探讨     

孙琳  黄全义 《地理空间信息》2005,3(2):36-37

分析了测绘工程专业本科实践性教学的现状及其存在的问题,介绍了数字化测绘工程教学实习改造的内容,并对测绘工程专业的实验室管理模式进行了探讨,最后提出了若干建议。  相似文献   

吉林省中部大中型钼矿发现过程中勘查地球化学方法的应用效果   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

史致元  周志恒  王玉增  孟广才  杨志光  于宏伟  李诚 《吉林地质》2008,27(2)

从全国20世纪70年代末开展的新一轮化探找矿方法应用开始,在吉林省中部相继发现和评价了一批有价值的贵金属、有色金属矿床、矿(化)点。最为突出的是从1998年始至今,通过不懈地努力、探索、研究与实践,发现和评价(有的正在评价过程中)舒兰市福安堡、舒兰市季德屯、永吉县一心屯、磐石市后倒木、桦甸市四方甸子、永吉县芹菜沟等几处中型规模以上矿床。总结其矿床发现过程的经验与教训,研究其找矿方法的应用与效果,对指导今后的地质找矿、尤其勘查地球化学方法与地质找矿理论、方法的应用有着深远的意义。  相似文献   

非测绘类专业测量学教学改革探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

梁新美  胡友健  陈刚 《地理空间信息》2008,6(4):141-143

在分析非测量专业教学中存在的问题的基础上,结合相应专业的培养目标及专业人才应有的素质特征,根据测量学课程的教学特点,从教学内容、教学方法、教学手段和教学实践等多方面探讨非测量专业的测量学教学模式,  相似文献   

Mapping operation and maintenance: an everyday urbanism analysis of inequalities within piped water supply in Lilongwe,Malawi     

Cecilia Alda-Vidal  Michelle Kooy  Maria Rusca 《Urban geography》2018,39(1):104-121

In this article, we analyze the production of inequalities within the centralized water supply network of Lilongwe. We use a process-based analysis to understand how urban infrastructure is made to work and explain the disparity in levels of service by tracing the everyday practices of those who operate the infrastructure. This extends existing analyses of everyday practices in relation to urban water inequalities in African cities by focusing on formal operators, rather than water users, and looking within the networked system, rather than outside it. Our findings show that these practices work to exacerbate existing water stress in poor areas of the city. We conclude with a reflection on how understanding these practices as the product of the perceptions, rationalizations, and interpretations of utility staff who seek to manage the city’s (limited) water as best they can offers insight into what is required for a more progressive urban water politics.  相似文献   

科技型创新区人本化构建的国际实践及启示     

林静  蔡建明  Douglas WEBSTER  Larissa MULLER 《地理研究》2018,37(4):834-846

创新和创新区已日益成为城市经济发展和城市竞争力的重要元素,在科技和人才日渐成为激发城市创新型经济,及促进城市活力的主导甚至决定性因素的当今时代,尤为如此。通过对欧洲、北美和亚洲三个不同类型的科技型创新区国际最佳实践的系统梳理,甄别出用以打造一个科技型创新区的共通性要素、标准和原则。国际最佳实践证明,科技型创新区的人本化构建正在成为一种主流趋势,即综合考虑人在各阶段、各层次等多样化需求的基础上,通过对文化要素的有效鉴别和这些要素之间的作用机理,使它们有机融合并系统嵌入到创新区的空间打造中。结论表明：要成功打造一个科技型创新区,必须考虑并重视七大要素,即创意人才、企业集群、能动设施、资金保障、运营管理、空间结构和文化氛围。基于此,提出对中国科技型创新区建设与发展的五大启示,即愿景导向下的持续培育、前瞻性定位、人本化空间布局、创新激发型活动安排和多利益群体参与。最后,还提出要从四个方面进行互动关联研究,以构建空间/地方人本化打造的完整理论体系。  相似文献   

The prosocial origin of sustainable behavior: A case study in the ecological domain     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Prior research has focused on individual difference variables that predict various prosocial behaviors. This work, however, has neglected to consider the underlying commonalities between the different domains behavior can be performed. In line with other authors we propose that individual difference factors can indicate one’s propensity toward acting prosocially across domains, and that prosocial behaviors also include behaviors that support behavior for the common good. We argue that in order for one’s prosocial propensity to be actualized in a particular domain, a motivator in the form of connectedness to the domain is necessary. This paper examines such a model exemplified in the ecological domain by explaining pro-environmental actions. Through two studies (total N = 760) we provide evidence for a mediation model whereby connectedness to nature mediates the positive relation between prosocial propensity and pro-environmental behavior. Prosocial propensity was operationalized as altruism (studies 1 and 2) and honesty-humility (study 2). Further, study 1 also showed a comparison between participants indicating membership in environmental and humanitarian organizations and non-members. This indicated that prosocial propensity was higher in environmentalists and humanitarians compared to non-members, while connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behaviors were higher only in environmental organization members. These studies provide evidence for the premise of a prosocial propensity being actualized in the ecological domain via connectedness to that domain.  相似文献