文登市宋村镇农村土地流转探索     

赵迎红  侯新军 《山东国土资源》2010,26(12)

随着我国社会的发展和经济体制改革的不断深入,农村土地流转的方式越来越多,范围越来越广。如何在保障农户土地承包经营权的前提下,推进土地承包经营权有序流转,提高农业产业化水平是深化农村改革的一个现实课题和长远目标。该文以宋村镇农村土地承包经营权流转的调查数据为例,分析了土地流转的现状和特点,指出当前存在的矛盾和问题,提出了农村土地流转机制的对策和建议。  相似文献   

快速城市化下 "转型社区"空间改造的障碍——广州、深圳案例   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

刘宣 《地理研究》2010,29(4):693-702

城中村在土地利用、建设景观、规划管理、社区文化等方面均表现出强烈的城乡差异及矛盾。近年来,我国部分地区采取了"转制"的措施来消除"城中村"的城乡二元结构,形成了兼具城市与乡村社区特征的"转型社区",——人口由农民转为市民、土地由集体所有转为国有、经济由集体经济转为股份公司、管理由村委会转居委会——其空间改造也提上日程。从"转型社区"的土地利用问题出发,介绍目前常用的"转型社区"改造模式,并分别从"转型社区"内土地产权和使用主体分析转制后依然存在甚至加剧的改造障碍。研究认为,土地的伪国有化定义下的不完全产权、土地非法与合法混杂导致的用地破碎化和现有利益格局下各土地利用主体的成本与收益失衡导致"转型社区"内公共设施缺乏、土地价值过低且被过度利用的状态难以改变。以此为基础,提出了对"转型社区"改造的建议。  相似文献   

冻土区输电线路塔基选位的影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程东幸  张建民  刘厚健  俞祁浩  刘志伟 《工程地质学报》2009,17(3):329-334

青海西藏500kV直流联网输电线路工程跨越整个青藏高原,其生存环境不可避免与冻土有着紧密联系,冻土特有的冻胀、融沉特性给线路的勘测、设计、施工及后期运营带来了极大挑战。本文对取自青藏高原的原状和重塑冻土样样品进行了物理力学试验。结果表明:同种土在不同含冰量下,随含冰量的增大,则冻融特性敏感性增强;不同性质的土,在含冰量相同的情况下,颗粒越细,则冻融特性越敏感。同时,分析认为:塔基地质环境、不良冻土现象、不同地貌单元、冻土的热稳定性特征及施工作业便捷性等都是影响塔基稳定性的重要因素。  相似文献   

Sustainability Through an Alternative Property‐Rights Regime for Bangladesh's Mangrove Forest     

Anjan Kumer Dev Roy  Khorshed Alam  Jeff Gow 《Geographical review》2013,103(3):372-389

This study examines the challenges of achieving sustainable management of the world's largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, in Bangladesh. The Sundarbans is currently managed by the Bangladesh Department of Forest, under a state property‐rights regime, while our study explores an alternative property‐rights regime. We employed a mixed‐method approach to examine the prospects of alternative management and livelihood strategies to achieve sustainability. Both focus groups and household surveying were used to assess the opportunities for, and barriers to, achieving sustainability. It was found that two conflicting groups—forest‐dependent communities and foresters—are responsible for policy failures due to the absence of power‐sharing arrangements, nor is it likely a common property‐rights regime will be enough to cap degradation and achieve sustainability, while supply‐and‐demand policy interventions may well could help achieve sustainable management of the Sundarbans.  相似文献   

The Local Articulation of Policy Conflict: Land Use,Environment, and Amerindian Rights in Eastern Amazonia     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):241-258

  相似文献   

Illegal Farmland Conversion in China's Urban Periphery: Local Regime and National Transitions     

《Urban geography》2013,34(4):327-347

Through a case study in a village located in suburban Haikou City, Hainan Province, this article suggests the existence of a local development regime that exercises illegal farmland conversion in China's urban periphery. This regime consists not only of state officials and business investors, but also of local farmers anxious for off-farm employment. Our study highlights the broad transitions that led to the rise of local development regimes in China's urban periphery. These transitions include (1) the development of the local state, (2) farmers' changing relations with local authorities, and (3) the asymmetrical liberalization of land transaction rights in rural and urban areas. Whereas the state government still manages to intervene in the local conversion of farmland, such intervention is increasingly ineffective as economic liberalization intensifies. A series of potential policies are recommended to protect farmland and agricultural livelihoods in the context of rapid urbanization.  相似文献   

重庆市城镇地房籍系统建设与应用     

蒋正坤  朱丹  苏念 《国土资源信息化》2013,(4):34-36,33

通过建设重庆市城镇地房籍系统,重庆市国土房管局实现了对全市38个区县土地房屋权属登记和房地产交易的集中统一管理,达成了全市范围内＂以图管地、以图管房、地房合一＂的管理目标,为下一步开展不动产统一登记提供了较好的实践经验。本文主要从地房籍数据清理和整合、系统体系架构、主要功能和系统特点等方面进行详细介绍。  相似文献   

Forest tenure reform in the age of climate change: Lessons for REDD+   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anne M. Larson 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):540-549

Numerous authors have stressed the importance of guaranteeing and protecting the tenure and human rights of indigenous and other forest-based communities under schemes for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD, or REDD+); and important international indigenous organizations have spoken out strongly against REDD+. This article examines two specific issues that present risks for local communities: rights to forests and rules for resource use. It draws on the findings of a study conducted by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) on forest tenure reforms in selected countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America from 2006 to 2008. The study underlines the numerous obstacles faced by communities after rights are won, in moving from statutory rights to their implementation and to access to benefits on the ground. It argues that there is currently little reason to expect better results from national policies under REDD+ without binding agreements to protect local rights.  相似文献   

Common property rights, adaptive capacity, and response to forest disturbance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric A. Coleman 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):855-865

This paper reports the results of a statistical analysis which measures the effects of adaptive capacity on forest conditions in response to a prior disturbance. Particular emphasis is placed on common property rights as a form of institutional adaptive capacity. Common property rights are delineated in terms of rights of access, withdrawal, management, exclusion, and alienation. Using statistical analysis of 326 forest user groups from 13 countries in the database of the International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) program, the effects on user group rankings of forest conditions are estimated with a probability model. Overall, the results indicate that user groups with more complete property rights are more likely to rank forest conditions favorably. However, the effects of property rights also depend on the level of other forms of adaptive capacity such as the organizational capacity of the group and the number of rival user groups.  相似文献   

“This is a Montreal Issue”: Negotiating responsibility in global production and investment networks     

Noah Quastel 《Geoforum》2011,42(4):451-461

While geographers have increasingly focused on how global commodity and production networks create new ‘geographies of responsibility’ there has been little empirical work considering how responsibility is worked into management systems and social activism in such networks. Drawing on literature from global production networks, geographies of responsibility and other literatures, this paper explores the dynamic and contested ways in which concepts of responsibility can play a role in network regulation. Both foreign direct investment and commodity networks (here referred to as ‘global production and investment networks’) are subject to complex negotiations and compromises involving corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiatives as well as shareholder activist, human rights, labor, and environmental activism. This is illustrated by reference to conflicts in Canada over Alcan, Inc.’s investments from 1993 to 2007 in the Utkal Alumina Project in Orissa, India. The project involved significant socio-environmental conflict. In Canada, Alcan’s investment was met by civil society campaigns that tested the company’s commitments to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. The case study suggests revising theories of geographies of responsibility. While foreign direct investment can create new relationships between distant others, these are fluid and contingent and not necessarily desirable. Rather than see networks as a source of responsibility we should work to ensure that the relationships that networks foster be structured to ensure our deeper values are respected.  相似文献