An Approach for Classification of Groundwaters by Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Discriminant Analysis     

W. Geyer  L. Brüggemann  U. Schmitz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(5):206-211

Monitoring and evaluation of groundwater quality in drinking water protectorates is of particular interest if the uncontrolled entry of pollutants, for example by infiltrating river water, cannot be excluded. A fluorescence spectroscopic method is presented as possible alternative to the conventional expensive hydrochemical investigations. This method uses the information yielded by synchronous fluorescence spectra. After a Fourier transformation of the original spectra and a following discriminant analysis, the samples can be classified in different groups corresponding to the different types of groundwater. The method was tested in the drinking water protectorate of a waterworks of a German metropolis (Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt). We found a prediction rate of about 90% in the investigated case.  相似文献   

IR-spektroskopische und weitere Untersuchungen an neuen Weichspüler-Wirkstoffen     

H. Hellmann 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(5):218-225

IR Spectroscopy and Further Analyses of New Fabric Rinse Agents Distearyldimethylammoniumchloride (DSDMAC) that dominated the fabric softener market in Germany in the past is now substituted by three new types of ester-based agents, i.e. imidazoline ester, ester quats, and diester quats what poses new challenges to surface water analytics. The IR spectra and the chromatographic behaviour of these three agents are more or less similar to those of naturally occuring fatty esters. The paper reports about the use of IR spectroscopy, its benefit in the sense of fingerprinting principle, the identification of substances by functional groups, and the analytical tracing of transformation products. The latter relates to the formation of salts with anions that are easily detectable, the clean up, and the final spectroscopic determination. While in 1994 DSDMAC was still determinable in concentrations of 10…20 mg/kg in suspended solids from the Middle Rhine River, the concentration of the substitutes was below the detection limit of 2 mg/kg and 1…2 μg/L in 1995.  相似文献   

计算机辅助绘制流域等流时线   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王腊春  陈晓玲 《地理科学》1996,16(2):184-190

采用地理信息系统方法，对流域的地形地貌特征进行分析，模拟水质点在流域上的运动轨迹，并根据水质点汇流时间与汇流路径，坡度，坡长的关系，建立了流域汇流等流时线模型，经实例验证，效果较好。  相似文献   

汕头市历史地震影响烈度的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贾素娟 《华南地震》1992,12(1):57-63

本文将所论地震事件视为随机事件。按全概率定理分析了地震对场地的地震动影响(A)和超越给定值的概率P:对地震烈度序列进行了极值统计分析,得到汕头市地震平均重现期及其对应的烈度值。  相似文献   

层次分析法（AHP法）在金矿勘查中的应用—新疆金窝子金矿床为例     

贺连顺 《矿产与地质》1992,6(6):420-424

应用层次分析法（Analystical Hierarchy Process,简称AHP法）确定金窝子金矿床合理的工业品位指标。将影响工业品位的因素及各因素间的隶属关系构成系统的多层次分析结构模型，进行层次排序，制订工业品位指标的总目标，通过分析和计算，确定工业品位指标的最佳方案，取得了较满意的结果。  相似文献   

表面气温内部变率估算方法的比较研究     

陆静文  周天军  黄昕  张文霞  邹立维 《大气科学》2020,44(1):105-121

本文利用37个CMIP5模式和CESM（Community Earth System Model）包含40个成员的超级集合试验的表面气温预估数据，比较了工业革命前气候参照试验、多项式拟合法和方差分析方法这三种目前在国际上运用较多的方法所估算的表面气温内部变率的异同，分析了内部变率的估算对气候预估中信号萌芽时间（TOE）的影响。结果表明:若采用CMIP5多模式集合，则工业革命前气候参照试验和多项式拟合法都是估算内部变率的合理方法，而方差分析方法则由于包含模式性能自身的影响会夸大内部变率故不推荐使用。内部变率的全球分布呈现出极向强化的现象，中高纬度地区的内部变率幅度远大于热带、副热带地区。内部变率受不同排放情景的影响较小，且随时间无显著变化，但方差分析方法估算的内部变率在热带地区容易受到排放情景的影响。若基于类似CESM这样的单个气候模式的超级集合模拟试验来估算内部变率，三种方法估算的结果相似。不同方法估算的内部变率对TOE的影响主要位于北大西洋拉布拉多海、南大洋威德尔海和罗斯海等邻近海洋深对流区。对于中国区域平均来说，基于CESM超级集合模拟试验，三种方法估算的内部变率与强迫信号之比都小于15%；对CMIP5多模式集合，采用工业革命前气候参照试验和多项式拟合法得到的结果与此接近，但若采用方差分析方法则显著高估内部变率的作用。  相似文献   

韶关市近50年强降水频数统计及周期分析     

李丽 《广东气象》2003,(3):21-23

利用韶关市近50年降水资料,对逐日降水量R24（20～20时）≥50．0mm的强降水次数进行统计分析,结果表明韶关暴雨及以上强降水主要集中在多水期的3～7月,其中5、6月份为最多,这与韶关的自然季节降水特点是相吻合的;从50年代至90年代,各年代大暴雨和暴雨分别呈现出偏少．正常-正常-偏少-偏多和偏多～正常-偏少～偏少～偏多的演变趋势;R24≥50．0mm的强降水总次数及历年5、6月份R24≥50．0mm的强降水次数存在周期变化。  相似文献   

苏北榴辉岩中金红石的微量元素地球化学特征   总被引：5，自引：7，他引：5  

余金杰陈振宇  王平安李晓峰  黄建平王辉 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1883-1890

本文利用电子探针分析了苏北地区三类榴辉岩中金红石的Nb、Cr和Zr含量，在Zaek et al．（2002）的金红石Nb-Cr图解中，三类榴辉岩的原岩均为镁铁质岩，但它们具有不同的地球化学特征，即（1）小焦G类金红石榴辉岩中金红石的Nb含量最低，平均值为68ppm，而其它两类榴辉岩中金红石的Nb含量较高，平均值介于192～255ppm；（2）蓝晶石榴辉岩具有极高Cr含量，均值6106ppm，而许沟P类榴辉岩中金红石的Cr含量也较高，均值1233ppm，金红石榴辉岩中金红石Cr含量最低，均值为183ppm。利用Zaek et al．（2004）提出的金红石地质温度计，计算得出许沟P类榴辉岩的金红石形成温度介于600～751℃，平均温度689℃；演马厂M类榴辉岩的金红石温度介于507～641℃，平均温度557℃；小焦G类金红石榴辉岩金红石的形成温度介于541～673℃，平均温度613℃；新扬昌G类蓝晶石榴辉岩的金红石形成温度介于541～655℃，平均温度603℃。一种可能的解释是，榴辉岩在拆返过程中退变质作用明显，流体活动强烈，导致金红石中Zr扩散丢失，金红石中Zr含量不同程度地受到角闪岩相退变质过程中再平衡作用的影响，致使计算的温度偏低。  相似文献   

基于非等间距泊松曲线在沉降预测中的应用     

吴清海 《现代测绘》2006,29(6):30-32

泊松曲线是一种精度较高的沉降预测方法，但是它只能在等时距数据条件下方能使用，在工程实际中很难满足这一要求。本文采用插值法将非等时距数据转化成等时距数列，并结合高层建筑沉降监测工程实例分析，结果表明，用泊松曲线模型预测建筑物沉降量与实际沉降量比较接近，具有较高的应用价值。  相似文献   

Scalar Similarity for Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Methods     

Johannes Ruppert  Christoph Thomas  Thomas Foken 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,120(1):39-63

The relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method allows the measurement of trace gas fluxes when no fast sensors are available for eddy covariance measurements. The flux parameterisation used in REA is based on the assumption of scalar similarity, i.e., similarity of the turbulent exchange of two scalar quantities. In this study changes in scalar similarity between carbon dioxide, sonic temperature and water vapour were assessed using scalar correlation coefficients and spectral analysis. The influence on REA measurements was assessed by simulation. The evaluation is based on observations over grassland, irrigated cotton plantation and spruce forest.Scalar similarity between carbon dioxide, sonic temperature and water vapour showed a distinct diurnal pattern and change within the day. Poor scalar similarity was found to be linked to dissimilarities in the energy contained in the low frequency part of the turbulent spectra ( < 0.01 Hz).The simulations of REA showed significant change in b-factors throughout the diurnal course. The b-factor is part of the REA parameterisation scheme and describes a relation between the concentration difference and the vertical flux of a trace gas. The diurnal course of b-factors for carbon dioxide, sonic temperature and water vapour matched well. Relative flux errors induced in REA by varying scalar similarity were generally below ± 10%. Systematic underestimation of the flux of up to − 40% was found for the use of REA applying a hyperbolic deadband (HREA). This underestimation was related to poor scalar similarity between the scalar of interest and the scalar used as proxy for the deadband definition.  相似文献