What is climate change scepticism? Examination of the concept using a mixed methods study of the UK public     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

The holding of doubts about climate change is often referred to as ‘scepticism’. However, there has been a lack of clarity in previous work as to what exactly this scepticism comprises. We integrate data obtained from discussion groups and a nationally representative survey, to interrogate and refine the concept of climate change scepticism with respect to the views of members of the public. We argue that two main types should be distinguished: epistemic scepticism, relating to doubts about the status of climate change as a scientific and physical phenomenon; and response scepticism, relating to doubts about the efficacy of action taken to address climate change. Whilst each type is independently associated by people themselves with climate change scepticism, we find that the latter is more strongly associated with a lack of concern about climate change. As such, additional effort should be directed towards addressing and engaging with people's doubts concerning attempts to address climate change.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地公众沙漠化意识调查报告     

宋豫秦  牛宁  曹淑艳 《中国沙漠》1999,19(Z1):149-154

对科尔沁沙地部分旗、县、市的公众沙漠化意识进行调查的结果表明:①81.6%的受访者知道"沙漠化"一词;②62.8%的受访者认为当地沙漠化主要是由于人类不合理的活动所造成的,其中"三滥"为主要因素;③75.7%的受访者认为目前当地土地沙漠化程度较10a前有所好转或有明显好转(1:1.07);84%的受访者认为10a后当地沙漠化治理会取得成效(根治:13.1%;大有成效:45.1%;有些成效:25.8%);④认为当地治沙措施"多"的分值为5.76(10分制,下同);⑤认为国家、地方政府、集体和个人四者在治沙事业中各自应负责任之比为15:18:10:12;77.9%的受访者认为当地政府重视治沙工作,平均重视度为7.4;94.2%的受访者表示愿意参加义务治沙劳动;70.8%的受访者愿为制止樵采而修建沼气池或使用其它替代能源;⑥受访者对当地生活的满意度为6.73,认为治理沙漠、发展经济、发展教育、改善医疗、提供社会保障5个方面的重要度分别为9.04、9.05、8.78、7.78、7.73。  相似文献   

地理信息公共服务平台的用户分类及服务分类     

徐开明  ;吴华意 《测绘软科学研究》2009,(3):12-16

地理信息技术的发展经历了集中式、模块化、组件化的过程,目前正向地理信息的Web服务方向发展。传统的集中式地理信息系统中,功能的分类决定了用户的分类;而在地理信息服务的架构中,用户的分类导致服务的分类及其与用户分类的映射。本文从地理信息服务的架构出发,分析并提出了面向服务的地理信息公共服务的用户群分类与对应的服务分类,为地理信息公共服务平台的构建和地理信息服务资源的有效组织和整合提供理论依据。  相似文献   

海洋电子政务数字认证框架研究     

林宁 《海洋通报》2004,23(4):60-64

纵观海洋信息化的发展,海洋电子政务的建设将成为今后一个时期海洋信息化工作的重点。本文根据海洋信息化建设的要求,在国家电子政务PKI体系总体框架下,详细论述了PKI体系的密码体制、可认证性及其基本组成。通过对现有PKI体系信任模型的分析,结合我国海洋管理的模式和应用需求,指出了海洋电子政务PKI体系最简单最理想的信任模型是采用严格层次结构。介绍了海洋数字认证机构设立的形式,指出建立中国海洋数字认证中心是建立海洋电予政务PKI体系的核心,是实现海洋电子政务的基础,是国家电子政务PKI体系的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

Involving the public in the impact assessment of offshore renewable energy facilities     

Michelle Portman 《Marine Policy》2009

Public participation in decision-making about development has many benefits especially in the coastal zone and in the near-shore marine environment. This research expands the discussion of public involvement in decisions about marine resource use by examining public participation in environmental impact assessment as relevant for offshore renewable energy facilities. A review of empirical and theoretical research supports the development of a framework for further analysis. The framework consists of five main features: (1) effective communication, (2) broad-based inclusion, (3) prioritization, (4) early three-way learning, and (5) alternatives analysis. The paper's concluding sections explore the relevance of such a framework and indicate possible applications.  相似文献   

Public awareness of marine environmental issues in the UK     

Stephen Fletcher  Jonathan S. Potts  Carolyn Heeps  Kate Pike 《Marine Policy》2009

This paper presents the results of a survey of public awareness of marine environmental issues within the context of the UK's National Maritime Museum. It was found that public interest in marine environmental issues is significant, but that gaps exist in terms of issue-specific awareness and that the availability of independent information on marine issues is limited. It is concluded that there are significant opportunities to develop the Museum's role in raising public awareness of marine environmental issues that build on its current activities and that of the Museum's partners.  相似文献   

公共财政与事业单位改革     

马赟 《地理信息世界》2000,(2)

从分析财政问题困扰测绘行业发展的问题入手,详细阐明公共财政的基本内容和财政政策,以及二者与事业单位改革的关系。  相似文献   

Characterising climate change discourse on social media during extreme weather events     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

When extreme weather events occur, people often turn to social media platforms to share information, opinions and experiences. One of the topics commonly discussed is the role climate change may or may not have played in influencing an event. Here, we examine Twitter posts that mentioned climate change in the context of three high-magnitude extreme weather events – Hurricane Irene, Hurricane Sandy and Snowstorm Jonas – in order to assess how the framing of the topic and the attention paid to it can vary between events. We also examine the role that contextual factors can play in shaping climate change coverage on the platform. We find that criticism of climate change denial dominated during Irene, while political and ideological struggle frames dominated during Sandy. Discourse during Jonas was, in contrast, more divided between posts about the scientific links between climate change and the events, and posts contesting climate science in general. The focus on political and ideological struggle frames during Sandy reflects the event’s occurrence at a time when the Occupy movement was active and the 2012 US Presidential Election was nearing. These factors, we suggest, could also contribute to climate change being a more prominent discussion point during Sandy than during Irene or Jonas. The Jonas frames, meanwhile, hint at lesser public understanding of how climate change may influence cold weather events when compared with tropical storms. Overall, our findings demonstrate how event characteristics and short-term socio-political context can play a critical role in determining the lenses through which climate change is viewed.  相似文献   

Water and the entrepreneurial city: The territorial expansion of public utility companies from Colombia and the Netherlands     

《Geoforum》2015

Since the mid-1980s, liberalization has motivated numerous water supply reforms. Among these, privatization has received the most attention. Yet, its actual scope has been limited. Beyond privatization, the territorial expansion of municipally owned water corporations into new service areas can be witnessed in countries as diverse as Italy, South Africa, Canada, Colombia and the Netherlands. Generally, the activities of public water corporations are analyzed through the lens of commercialization. This framework is central to understanding recent shifts in water supply. Yet, while it addresses the effects of commercialization on service quality and access, it rarely integrates the influence of shifts in social reproduction and collective consumption in structuring reform. Drawing on theories of urban entrepreneurialism, I attempt to advance a broader analytical framework that is more amenable to integrating the diversity of processes involved, including but not limited to commercialization. At the same time, the territorial expansion of municipally owned water corporations suggests ways to rethink urban entrepreneurialism: it is not only commercial, it is also social, and it is Schumpeterian. To make these points, this article examines the efforts of two public water corporations to go international: EPM of Medellín, Colombia and WMD of Drenthe, the Netherlands.  相似文献   

Victim pressure, institutional inertia and climate change adaptation: The case of flood risk   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tim Harries  Edmund Penning-Rowsell   《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(1):188-197

Interviews were conducted with risk managers in a case-study area in England to determine the factors influencing the choice between more traditional, engineering based, adaptation to flood risk and those focussing on vulnerability reduction. The findings of in-depth analysis of these interviews have implications for climate change adaptation as a whole. They suggest that government policies to implement a broader range of adaptation measures might be hampered by institutional cultures formed when structural, engineered approaches were the norm. Political decentralisation and the fashion for public consultation exacerbate this effect, leaving decision-makers more responsive to the influence of those directly affected by natural hazards than they are to the needs of the wider population or to policy pronouncements by government.  相似文献