气候变化背景下北京市短历时暴雨的强度及雨型变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

袁冯  张君枝  王冀  王荣 《大气科学学报》2020,43(5):802-809

利用1961—2017年北京观象台站逐分钟降雨资料,根据《城市暴雨强度公式编制和设计暴雨雨型确定技术导则》,建立了北京市1961—1990年和1991—2017年两个气候态下的暴雨强度公式和2 a重现期下历时30 min、60 min、90 min、120 min、150 min、180 min以5 min为时间段的设计暴雨雨型。结果表明：1）P-Ⅲ型分布曲线对北京市两个气候态下各历时降雨量的拟合效果最好,暴雨强度公式精度最高。2）对比1961—1990年和1991—2017年暴雨强度公式,整体而言,后者各历时重现期的暴雨强度值较低,但随着重现期的增大,两者的雨强差值也增大。3）1961—1990年和1991—2017年短历时雨型的雨峰位置系数分别为0.436和0.382,2 a重现期下前者的各历时雨峰位置比后者提前,各历时累积降雨均在初期增长较慢、雨峰前后增长较快,之后增速明显减缓。  相似文献   

Seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete frames using inelasticity‐separated fiber beam‐column model     

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(5):1291-1308

Evaluating the inelastic seismic response of structures accurately is of great importance in earthquake engineering and generally requires refined simulation, which is a time‐consuming process. Because the material nonlinearity generally occurs in a small part of the whole structure, many researches focus on taking advantage of this characteristic to improve the computational efficiency and the inelasticity‐separated finite element method (IS‐FEM) proposed recently provide a generic finite element formulation for solving this kind of problems efficiently. Although the fiber beam‐column element is widely used for the simulation of reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures, the inelastic deformation is often detected in a large part of the numerical model under earthquake excitation so that it is hard to achieve high efficient computation when applying the IS‐FEM to the inelastic response analysis of RC fiber models directly. In this paper, a new numerical scheme for seismic response analysis of RC framed structures model by fiber beam‐column element is proposed based on the IS‐FEM. To implement the RC fiber model for use in IS‐FEM and improve the computational performance of proposed scheme, a method of identifying the local domains with severe section inelasticity level is proposed and a modified Kent‐Park concrete material model is developed. Because the Woodbury formula is adopted as the solver, the global stiffness matrix can keep unchanged throughout the analysis and the main computational effort is only invested on a small matrix representing local inelastic behavior. The numerical examples demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed scheme.  相似文献   

Re‐examination of Bagnold's empirical bedload ­formulae     

Yvonne Martin  Michael Church 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(9):1011-1024

Bagnold developed his formula for bedload transport over several decades, with the final form of the relation given in his 1980 paper. In this formula, bedload transport rate is a function of stream power above some threshold value, depth and grain size. In 1986, he presented a graph which illustrated the strength of his relation. A double‐log graph of bedload transport rate, adjusted for depth and grain size, versus excess stream power was shown to collapse along a line having a slope of 1·5. However, Bagnold based his analyses on limited data. In this paper, the formula is re‐examined using a large data set in order to define the most consistent empirical representation, and dimensional analysis is performed to seek a rationalization of the formula. Functional analysis is performed for the final version of the equation defined by Bagnold to determine if the slope of 1·5 is preserved and to assess the strength of the relation. Finally, relations between excess stream power and bedload transport are examined for a fixed slope of 1·5 to assess the performance of various depth and grain size adjustment factors. The rational scaling is found to provide the best result. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海水烟气脱硫恢复系统的实验室模拟评价     

徐海波  高东宇  王东鹏  薛军  王小立  芦永红 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(3):67-72

恢复系统是海水烟气脱硫(SWFGD)技术的重要组成部分,如何对设计和运行参数进行实验评价一直是难点问题。本文在前期大量工程实践的基础上,建立了一套模拟实际工况多参数变化的循环式实验装置,将曝气深度和池容积按比例缩小,并强化处理海水的循环次数,提出针对气液比计算的缩比模型经验公式。实验中通过调节气体或液体流量、氧化时间、曝气池高度和容积等参数,有效模拟了工厂直排型海水脱硫恢复系统气液比(0.29~7.74)对S(IV)氧化效率、溶液pH值和溶解氧(DO)浓度的影响。此外,还评价了一种电化学-化学复合氧化改进处理技术,考察增加电极保护套对恢复参数的影响,研究结果可为工业放大提供依据。  相似文献   

Wave uplift force on horizontal panels: a laboratory study     

LIU Qingjun  SUN Tianting  WANG Dengting  WEI Zhangping 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(6):1899-1911

Accurate estimation of wave uplift force is essential to the designs of reliable coastal and marine structures.We presents a series of laboratory work here on the impact of regular waves on horizontal panels,from which an empirical formula to estimate accurately the wave uplift force on panels is established.The laboratory measurements show that the wave uplift force depends mainly on the incident wave height,the wave period,the wave length,the panel width,and the clearance between the subsurface of the panel and the still water level.Among these factors,the impact of the panel width on uplift forces is relatively complicated.Result shows that the relative panel width(i.e.,the ratio of panel width to wave length)plays a more important role in estimating the wave uplift force.Based on our comprehensive laboratory measurements,we further developed an empirical formula to compute wave uplift force on horizontal panels through dimensionless analysis.Compared with other empirical formulas,this formula uses dimensionless variables of clear physical meanings,thus can describe the interaction between waves and the panels in a better way.In addition,the efficiency of the formula to estimate wave uplift force on horizontal panels is verified against existing works.Therefore,the findings in this study shall be useful for understanding the mechanism of wave uplift force on horizontal panels and numerical model validation.  相似文献   

Distribution of wave crests in a non-Gaussian sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ronald W. Butler  Ulla B. Machado  Igor Rychlik 《Applied Ocean Research》2009,31(1):57-64

The sea elevation at a fixed point is modelled as a quadratic form of a vector valued Gaussian process with arbitrary mean. With this model, saddlepoint methods are used to approximate the mean upcrossing intensity with which the sea level crosses upwards at a certain height. This estimated intensity is further used to determine the probability distribution of wave crests. The use of saddlepoint technique is particularly important here because it can approximate the crest distribution without the need to perform simulations or use fitted distributions. Several numerical examples are given, including two with measured data. In the cases of real data, the results obtained with the saddlepoint technique are also compared with the results obtained with well known methods commonly used in the industry.  相似文献   

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李娜  章传银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(6):126-129

??????????????????????????????????γ??????????????????????????Vening-Meinesz????У??????С?????????????????ε????????????????????????????PALGrav1.0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????б?????30??60????????????????  相似文献   

海洋内孤立波作用下潜体运动响应特性研究     

宣谱  杜辉  史剑  彭湃  王少东 《海洋工程》2024,(2):12-25

2021年4月印度尼西亚海军“南伽拉402”号潜艇在巴厘岛以北约60海里（111.12 km）处发生沉没,分析表明大振幅海洋内孤立波作用可能是事故原因之一。基于大振幅内孤立波eKdV理论与Morison公式建立了内孤立波作用下潜艇的运动学模型,揭示不同内孤立波振幅、潜艇潜深条件下潜艇的运动响应特性,进一步说明内孤立波可能造成印度尼西亚潜艇失事。结果表明：内孤立波对潜艇的运动状态产生巨大影响。垂直方向上潜艇在短时间内产生大幅度掉深,而水平方向上其运动方向在密度界面上或界面处与内孤立波传播方向一致,界面下则相反,且内孤立波产生的垂向力矩可能造成潜艇倾覆。不同波幅、潜深下潜艇表现出不同的运动响应规律。研究表明印度尼西亚潜艇失事可能是潜艇执行任务过程中遭遇了较大振幅内孤立波,导致其发生大幅度、迅速掉深。  相似文献   

非规则砂岩节理剪切变形本构关系试验研究     

程坦  郭保华  孙杰豪  田世轩  孙崇轩  陈岩 《岩土力学》2022,43(1):51-64

岩石节理剪切变形对岩体工程的安全性和稳定性具有重要影响。为研究常法向应力下岩石节理剪切变形本构关系,采用RDS-200型岩石直剪仪对非规则砂岩节理进行了不同法向应力下的直剪试验。根据岩石节理剪切应力?位移全程曲线形状特征,将其依次划分为峰前压密阶段、线性阶段、屈服阶段和峰后软化阶段;根据剪切应力在峰后软化阶段降低幅度和速率大小,将岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线划分为3种类型：峰后平台型、峰后缓降型和峰后跌落型。基于岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线各阶段剪切变形特征,采用分段函数建立了岩石节理剪切变形本构模型。与其他模型相比,新提出的岩石节理剪切变形本构模型对试验数据拟合精度更高,更好地描述了岩石节理剪切应力?位移全程曲线。另外,在通过岩石节理直剪试验由经验公式确定模型参数之后,所提出本构模型可在不同法向应力下实现对不同粗糙度岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线的预测。研究结果对岩石节理剪切变形的数值模拟和工程估计具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

钻井漏失层位测量及堵漏模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘振东 《探矿工程》2015,42(8):13-16

在钻井过程中经常发生严重的钻井液漏失,不仅给井下安全带来了巨大的隐患,同时也导致更加复杂的井下事故的发生,严重制约了油田的勘探与开发进度。如何有效地解决漏失问题是一个长期困扰工程界的难题。重点介绍了漏层判定方法和堵漏配方模拟评价方法。对于地层漏失,可以首先通过判定方法确定漏层位置,然后再对堵漏配方进行评价,最终形成理想的堵漏配方和相应的堵漏方案。该方法对于提高堵漏成功率,解决复杂地层重复漏失等技术难题具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献