V型排导槽防治泥石流灾害     

王建强  周道银 《云南地质》2007,26(2):207-212

云南1990年至今推广应用V型槽防治泥石流灾害，对多条泥石流工程防治实践与试验研究的总结，介绍云南泥石流的特点、V型排导槽防治泥石流原来以及V型槽技术治理泥石流灾害的优点。  相似文献   

Episodes of volcanic activity and their environmental effects in the Okinawa Trough during the last 150 ka     

李铁刚  赵京涛  李安春 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(4):363-367

1 INTRODUCTIONA large-scale volcanic eruption can injectenormous amount of ash and dust into the atmos-phere, leading to local and short cooling due toshielding incoming radiation. During the past 2 to 3decades, accumulated evidence indicated thatlarge-scale volcano eruptions or series of volcanicactivity appears to coincide with climatologicaltransitions. For example, Robock (1979) indicatedthat volcanic eruptions played a role in forcing "Lit-tle Ice Age". Well-dated high-resolution co…  相似文献   

Lewis Ponds, a hybrid carbonate and volcanic-hosted polymetallic massive sulphide deposit, New South Wales, Australia     

Michael W. Agnew  Ross R. Large  Stuart W. Bull 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,39(8):822-844

The Lewis Ponds Zn–Pb–Cu–Ag–Au deposit, located in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, central western New South Wales, exhibits the characteristics of both volcanic-hosted massive sulphide and carbonate-hosted replacement deposits. Two stratabound massive to disseminated sulphide zones, Main and Toms, occur in a tightly folded Upper Silurian sequence of marine felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. They have a combined indicated resource of 5.7 Mt grading 3.5% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.19% Cu, 97 g/t Ag and 1.9 g/t Au. Main Zone is hosted by a thick unit of poorly sorted mixed provenance breccia, limestone-clast breccia and quartz crystal-rich sandstone, whereas Toms Zone occurs in the overlying siltstone. Pretectonic carbonate–chalcopyrite–pyrite and quartz–pyrite stringer veins occur in the footwall porphyritic dacite, south of Toms Zone. Strongly sheared dolomite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite veins directly underlie the Toms massive sulphide lens. The mineralized zones consist predominantly of pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Paragenetically early framboidal, dendritic and botryoidal pyrite aggregates and tabular pyrrhotite pseudomorphs of sulphate occur throughout the breccia and sandstone beds that host Main Zone, but are rarely preserved in the annealed massive sulphide in Toms Zone. Main and Toms zones are associated with a semi-conformable hydrothermal alteration envelope, characterized by texturally destructive chlorite-, dolomite- and quartz-rich assemblages. Dolomite, chlorite, quartz, calcite and sulphides have selectively replaced breccia and sandstone beds in the Main Zone host sequence, whereas the underlying porphyritic dacite is weakly sericite altered. Vuggy and botryoidal textures resulted from partial dissolution of the dolomite-altered sedimentary rocks and unimpeded growth of base metal sulphides, carbonate and quartz into open cavities. The intense chlorite-rich alteration assemblage, underlying Toms Zone, grades outward into a weak pervasive sericite–quartz assemblage with distance from the massive sulphide lens. Limestone clasts and hydrothermal dolomite at Lewis Ponds are enriched in light carbon and oxygen isotopes. The dolomite yielded ¹³C_VPDB values of –11 to +1 and ¹⁸O_VSMOW values of 6 to 16. Liquid–vapour fluid inclusions in the dolomite have low salinities (1.4–7.7 equiv. wt% NaCl) and homogenization temperatures (166–232°C for 1,000 m water depth). Dolomitization probably involved fluid mixing or fluid–rock interactions between evolved heated seawater and the limestone-bearing facies, prior to and during mineralization. ³⁴S_VCDT values range from 2.0 to 5.0 in the massive sulphide and 3.9 to 7.4 in the footwall carbonate–chalcopyrite–pyrite stringer veins, indicating that the hydrothermal fluid may have contained mamgatic sulphur and a component of partially reduced seawater. The sulphide mineral assemblages at Lewis Ponds are consistent with moderate to strongly reduced conditions during diagenesis and mineralization. Low temperature dolomitization of limestone-bearing facies in the Main Zone host sequence created secondary porosity and provided a reactive host for fluid-rock interactions. Main Zone formed by lateral fluid flow and sub-seafloor replacement of the poorly sorted breccia and sandstone beds. Base metal sulphide deposition probably resulted from dissolution of dolomite, fluid mixing and increased fluid pH. Pyrite, sphalerite and galena precipitated from a relatively low temperature, 150–250°C hydrothermal fluid. In contrast, Toms Zone was emplaced into fine-grained sediment at or near the seafloor, above a zone of focused up-flowing hydrothermal fluids. Copper-rich assemblages were deposited in the Toms Zone footwall and massive sulphide lenses in Main and Toms zones as the hydrothermal system intensified. During the D₁ deformation, fracture-controlled fluids within the Lewis Ponds fault zone and adjacent footwall volcanic succession remobilized sulphides into syntectonic quartz veins. Lewis Ponds is a rare example of a synvolcanic sub-seafloor hydrothermal system developed within fossiliferous limestone-bearing facies. The close spatial association between limestone, hydrothermal dolomite, massive sulphide and dacite provides a basis for new exploration targets elsewhere in New South Wales.Editorial handling: D. Lentz  相似文献   

南海北部热带气旋移动路径突然右折的预报研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

贺忠 《气象科学》2000,21(3):298-301

南海北部北邻华南沿海,当热带气旋以西或西北路径移至南海北部时突然右折,将很快登陆或严重影响华南地区,此时,如预报稍有失误,就会使整个防台减灾布置工作非常被动,甚至带来生命财产的巨大损失。本文利用８５－９０６－０５－０３攻关资料,对此类热带气旋移动路径突然右折的天气学原因进行研究,结果发现：（１）移向突变前４８～７２小时,在距热带气旋８－１０伟距的西北方位高层（２００ｈＰａ）出现大范围的西到西南气流  相似文献   

Barite concretions as evidence of pauses in sedimentation in the Marnes Bleues Formation of the Vocontian Basin (SE France)     

Jean-G. Brhret  Hans-J. Brumsack 《Sedimentary Geology》2000,130(3-4):205-228

Several intervals rich in barite nodules occur in the mid-Cretaceous marls of the Vocontian Trough (SE France). These concretions, which grew on heterogeneities in the sediment, are arranged as horizons parallel to the bedding, and are often associated with carbonate and phosphate nodules. Detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical observations suggest that they represent the consequence of short-term pauses in sedimentation during early diagenesis, but the most important occurrences of barite are below prominent discontinuities. This may be explained by the frequency of pauses in sedimentation caused by a progressive starvation, or an increase in the energy of bottom-water currents. The high number of barite occurrences on the basin margins is directly linked to the recurrence of sedimentary breaks. The geochemical data show that the host sediment corresponds to a pelagic setting, far from hydrothermal influences, but generally in a restricted, dysoxic to suboxic, depositional environment. The sulphur isotopic composition of the barite sulphate (+16 to +76‰ rel. CDT) supports the hypothesis of an early diagenetic origin of the barite nodules. Their genesis may be explained by the fixation of a diagenetic front corresponding to the penetration of a sulphate reduction zone from the seawater–sediment interface down in the sediment which is in contact with barium-rich porewaters expelled upwards as a consequence of compaction. The barium of biogenic origin, initially stored in the underlying black shale, was mobilized under strongly reducing conditions. Such fixation is normally induced by a pause or a stop in sedimentation due to starvation or renewed bottom-water circulation. Together with other concretions, the barite nodules mark condensed stratigraphic intervals and often represent major breaks. As such they shed light on variations in sedimentary activity and their importance in the sedimentology and stratigraphy of pelagic marly sequences cannot be ignored.  相似文献   

内蒙古与冲绳海槽和南中国海晚第四纪末次冰川盛冰期以来古气候记录     

陈镇东  兰信企  陈延成 《化工矿产地质》2000,(1)

控制东亚气候的东亚季风夏季风北界的内蒙古盐湖沉积物记录了晚第四纪末次冰川盛冰期以来的气候冷暖干湿变化特征及各类重要的气候事件。通过对内蒙古伊克昭盟杭锦旗盐海子Ya0 1孔岩心沉积物的有机碳、碳氮比、碎屑矿物成熟度、磁化率、氧碳稳定同位素和沉积物成分的研究表明 ,全新世大暖期起止时间为 8～ 4kaB .P .,其气候特征为暖干型。这一气候特点可与中国北方黄土、冰川、冲绳海槽沉积物及南海有孔虫Pulleniatinaobliguilocalata等代用气候材料所记录的气候波动进行对比 ,也可与加拿大阿尔伯特地区及北美大平原全新世的气候演变特征进行对比。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽2万年以来沉积物中生物标志化合物与古温度,古环境的研究     

卢冰  陈荣华  冯旭文  施晓来  唐运千  刘镇盛 《海洋学研究》2000,18(2):25-32

应用生物标志化合物长链烯酮不饱和比值 Uk37估算冲绳海槽 2万年以来古海水表层温度 ,其波动范围在 1 5.9～ 2 6.2℃之间 ,平均为 2 2 .9℃。并与常用的浮游有孔虫转换函数测算的表层海水温度进行对照 ,结果与冬季表层水温 ( 2 2 .0℃ )相近 ,Uk37值指示的古海水温度与季节有关 ,主要反映在冬季。在沉积物中还检出了另一类生物标志化合物甾、萜类等 ,对它们的组成进行了地球化学研究 ,结果表明 :冲绳海槽沉积物中有机质具有多源性特点 ,由陆源碎屑、生物碎屑和火山碎屑共同组成 ;该海域沉积有机质的成熟度不高 ,沉积环境具有强的还原性。  相似文献   

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩中熔融包裹体的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙海青  高爱国  倪培  张德玉 《海洋科学进展》2004,22(3):292-298

对马里亚纳海槽玄武岩科长石和橄榄石斑晶中的熔融包裹体进行了镜下观察和均一化测温实验。镜下观察表明,斑晶中结晶质熔融包裹体和玻璃质熔融包裹体均较发育,具有不同的相态特征和演化程度,反映了岩浆被捕获处不同的地质条件。捕获在橄揽石和斜长石斑晶中的包裹体均一化测温结果分别为1035～1100℃和105C～1145℃,比利用玄武岩全岩化学成分计算的矿物结晶温度结果低100℃左右,反映了斑晶矿物结晶的多期性。根据本次实验结果,结合马里亚纳海槽的构造背景和地质资料,对研究区玄武岩浆的运移过程进行了探讨．  相似文献   

冲绳海槽南段基底组成分析   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

刘建华  林长松  高金耀  方银霞  吴水根 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(3):261-267

根据反射地震、折射地震和磁力等资料,结合周边地质,探讨冲绳海槽南段基底组成。在海槽周边的东海陆架盆地、台湾褶皱带和琉球岛弧褶皱带,发育不同程度变质的晚古生代、中生代和早第三纪地层。多道反射地震表明,海槽南段沉积盖层由上第三系和第四系组成,声学基底由下第三系及更老地层构成。邻近海槽南段的折射地震揭示,除第四系．中新统速度层之外,还存在纵波速度分别为4．7—5．3km／s和6．3km／s的下第三系和中生界速度层。磁力异常分析和正反演拟合计算结果表明,海槽磁性基底主要由变质岩系构成,次为燕山期中酸性岩浆岩和喜山期中基性岩浆岩,磁性基底大部分相当声学基底。综合分析表明,海槽南段基底主要由不同程度变质的下第三系、中生界和上古生界构成;在海槽某些构造部位,已有喜山期基性岩浆岩形成。  相似文献   

西沙海槽潜在天然气水合物成因及形成地质模式   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王宏语  孙春岩  张洪波  牛滨华 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(4):85-91

西沙海槽具备良好的热解成因气及断层通道、深部异常压力等运移条件,分析海底表层沉积物所含甲烷气来源可以很好地指示潜在天然气水合物成因.西沙海槽海底表层沉积物所含甲烷气以热解成因气为主,可能混有少量生物成因气.表层沉积物所含甲烷气为断层渗逸-自由扩散作用双重运移结果,主要有3种来源：（1）直接来自于下部断层通道中气态烃的释放;（2）来自于动态变化的水合物分解,再由渗滤作用或沿浅部微小断层向上运移;（3）来自于原地少量的生物气.不同地区有不同的气体来源,这是海底表层沉积物甲烷高值区与下部断层相关性较大而与BSR区域并非完全一致的原因.甲烷气来源及运聚条件综合分析表明,潜在天然气水合物以热解成因为主,为断层-渗滤综合地质模式.  相似文献