青藏铁路沿线的大风特征及风压研究   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20  

白虎志  李栋梁  董安祥  方锋 《冰川冻土》2005,27(1):111-116

选取青藏高原及周边66个气象站资料, 分析了青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线1971-2000年大风日数的空间分布特征及建站以来大风和风向特征, 计算了百年一遇的最大风速和风压. 分析发现: 青藏高原大风日数主要集中在青藏铁路沿线地区, 年际和年代际变化明显; 铁路沿线极端最大风速和历年平均最大风速都出现在铁路中部的托托河, 风向多为偏西风; 铁路沿线50 a、 100 a一遇的10 min平均最大风速和风压都出现在安多地区. 以新疆达扳城为参考站, 推算出青藏铁路沿线各站的列车停驶临界风速. 为确保列车运营安全, 建议在昆仑山口至错那湖间的高山地段风口和列车转弯处建造防风设施.  相似文献   

The Quaternary Pan-lake (Overflow) Period and Paleoclimate on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

ZHENG Miaping  YUAN Heran  ZHAO Xitao  LIU Xifang  R & D Center for Saline Lake  Epithermal Deposit  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  Institute of Mineral Resources  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing Open Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources  Environment  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(6):821-834

Lake geomorphology and high-level lacustrine deposits since the mid-late Pleistocene are well preserved in lakes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to geological surveys of 17 lake districts in different locations of the plateau, combined with interpretations of satellite images and topographic maps, the authors studied the timing of formation and scopes of the pan-lake areas of the plateau and their paleoclimate. The latest two high lake levels （overflow surfaces） on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Quaternary occurred at N40 to 30/35 ka and N65 to 53 ka respectively. In these time intervals, the plateau was covered by huge interconnected pan-lake systems with a total area of -36 km^2 and a total volume of lake water of 〉530 million km^2, which are about 38 times and 659 times larger than those of the modern lakes respectively. Before this pan-lake period in the late Pleistocene, there had been three high lake levels that occurred at N 132-112 ka, 110-95 ka and 91-72/-83-75 ka respectively, suggesting that the late Quaternary climate on the plateau was unstable and changed rapidly. The -40-30 ka high lake level also appeared in the Tengger desert north of the plateau, suggesting that there existed very strong summer monsoons from South Asia then; the variation in solar radiation with a 20,000 precessional period has special importance for the high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the low-latitude zone of the Earth. Around 30 ka, the pan-lakes at the peripheries of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau drained out suddenly with rapid uplift of the plateau and cooling. In a short time the huge amount of cold lake water emptied into the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific. The draining event of the pan-lakes brought about the environmental changes of rivers and lakes at peripheries of the plateau.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北部典型花粉类型埋藏特征及其与植被关系的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

许清海  李月丛  阳小兰  陈辉  吕新苗 《地球科学进展》2005,20(1):89-98

取自青藏高原东北部不同植被类型的6个土壤剖面花粉与植被关系研究表明,表土花粉较好地代表当地植被的组成,区域外花粉百分比低于30％,但桦、杨花粉在植被中的代表性较差;土壤剖面典型花粉类型的埋藏特征表明：在土壤表层8cm以下,花粉总浓度迅速降低。氧化作用对花粉的破坏性最大,花粉浓度随土壤的pH值升高呈指数形式递减,pH值7．6以上,花粉浓度迅速降低,花粉在土壤中的运移作用不明显。  相似文献   

羌北双壳类祁阳蚌组合的发现及其地层学意义     

李乾  陆刚  张能  莫丽群  许华  唐朝霞  卫小彦 《地质学报》2006,80(6):781-784

藏北羌塘盆地独雪山地区,在原先认为不整合于早侏罗世火山岩系之上的“中侏罗统雀莫错组”中, 新近发现了一套早侏罗世淡水双壳类祁阳蚌(Qiyangia)组合,表明羌北盆地存在早侏罗世沉积地层,其为一套海陆交互相沉积的粗碎屑岩→灰岩→细碎屑岩夹灰岩,下侏罗统与中侏罗统为连续沉积。据此资料,该区侏罗系目前采用的岩石地层单位系统及地层的对比认识存有问题,文章对此套早侏罗世沉积的岩石地层划分方案进行了讨论, 指出雁石坪地区的侏罗系岩石地层系统作为等时的地层单位运用于羌北盆地北西部并不适宜,羌北盆地已有的地层系统格架有必要重新认识。  相似文献   

"冷却路基"方法在青藏铁路上的应用   总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12  

程国栋  孙志忠  牛富俊 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):797-808

青藏铁路穿越550 km多年冻土,其中约一半为高温多年冻土,其年平均地温为0~-1℃.青藏铁路是百年大计,必须考虑未来50~100 a的气候变化.在全球变暖的背景下,青藏铁路高温冻土段的建设必须改变单纯依靠热阻(增加路堤高度、采用保温材料等)的消极“保”温方法,而改用“冷却路基”的积极“降”温措施.青藏铁路的建设采用了一整套“冷却路基”的方法:通过遮阳板调控辐射;通过通风管、热管和气冷路堤调控对流;通过“热半导体”材料调控传导;通过这些调控方式的组合,加强冷却效果.这些方法均可有效地降低路基下多年冻土的地温,保证青藏铁路路基的稳定.  相似文献   

Mountain permafrost distribution modeling using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) in the Wenquan area over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XiuMin Zhang  ZhuoTong Nan  JiChun Wu  ErJi Du  Tong Wang  YanHui You 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(5):0361-0370

In high mountainous areas, the development and distribution of alpine permafrost is greatly affected by macro- and micro-topographic factors. The effects of latitude, altitude, slope, and aspect on the distribution of permafrost were studied to understand the distribution patterns of permafrost in Wenquan on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Cluster and correlation analysis were performed based on 30 m Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) data and field data obtained using geophysical exploration and borehole drilling methods. A Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline model (MARS) was developed to simulate permafrost spatial distribution over the studied area. A validation was followed by comparing to 201 geophysical exploration sites, as well as by comparing to two other models, i.e., a binary logistic regression model and the Mean Annual Ground Temperature model (MAGT). The MARS model provides a better simulation than the other two models. Besides the control effect of elevation on permafrost distribution, the MARS model also takes into account the impact of direct solar radiation on permafrost distribution.  相似文献   

热带月平均风场谱结构的傅立叶分析Ⅰ——气候风场分析     

吴幸毓  王盘兴  周国华  华文漪  李丽平 《热带气象学报》2012,28(1):50-60

用风场傅立叶分析方案,分析了NCEP/NCAR再分析资料的热带(30°S~30°N)850、200 hPa气候风场V8 50、V2 00的谱结构,讨论热带风场定常波的成因,以弥补热带气候风场此类分析工作的空白。研究结果表明,(1)有低维、低阶特征,|m|=0,4-、0,3-波对月8 50、2 00的累积模方拟合率年均达90%、98%。(2)纬向平均分量0最重要,它对8 50、2 00的单波拟合率ρ0年均达52%、85%。850 hPa0主要由北、南半球的两支信风带构成,冬半球强、夏半球弱,轴线位置与所在半球Hadley环流中心对应;200 hPa0由强的外热带西风带和弱的内热带东风带构成。0的季节变化850 hPa层明显强于200 hPa,北半球明显强于南半球。(3)风场定常波的最大波分量全年两层均为|1|*,它对850*、200*的拟合率ρ|*1|年均达39%、55%;ρ|1|*作年双周振荡,北半球夏、冬季达极大,秋、春季达极小。次大波分量在北半球冬、夏季时同为3、2波,过渡季节也以3、2波为主(10—12月850*4波是例外)。(4)1、7月射出长波辐射定常波OLR*最大、次大波与同期V*相同,1月为1、3波,7月为1、2波;OLR*重要波分量上的极值区与*相应波分量散度场的垂直配置符合动力学原理。(5)7月青藏高原及以东以南的广阔区域,*的主要分量|1|*、|2|*同为下层辐合、上层辐散,1OLR*、2OLR*同为负值,是同纬度上最有利于降水和潜热释放的气候区。  相似文献   

Thermal Characteristics of the Embankment with Crushed Rock Side Slope to Mitigate Thaw Settlement Hazards of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway     

LI Guoyu  MU Yanhu  ZHANG Xia 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(5):1000-1007

Abstract: Permafrost (perennially frozen ground) appears widely in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway and is characterized by high ground temperature (≥ ?1°C) and massive ground ice. Under the scenarios of global warming and human activity, the permafrost under the railway will gradually thaw and the massive ground ice will slowly melt, resulting in some thaw settlement hazards, which mainly include longitudinal and lateral cracks, and slope failure. The crushed rock layer has a thermal semiconductor effect under the periodic fluctuation of natural air. It can be used to lower the temperature of the underlying permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, and mitigate the thaw settlement hazards of the subgrade. In the present paper, the daily and annual changes in the thermal characteristics of the embankment with crushed rock side slope (ECRSS) were quantitatively simulated using the numerical method to study the cooling effect of the crushed rock layer and its mitigative ability. The results showed that the ECRSS absorbed some heat in the daytime in summer, but part of it was released at night, which accounted for approximately 20% of that absorbed. Within a year, it removed more heat from the railway subgrade in winter than that absorbed in summer. It can store approximately 20% of the “cold” energy in subgrade. Therefore, ECRSS is a better measure to mitigate thaw settlement hazards to the railway.  相似文献   

CMIP研究计划的进展及其在中国地区的检验和应用前景   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王澄海  吴永萍  崔洋 《地球科学进展》2009,24(5):461-468

由世界气候研究计划(WCRP)推动制定的CMIP计划,是一整套耦合大气环流气候模式的比较计划.该计划旨在通过比较模式的模拟能力来评价模式的好坏,促进气候模式的发展;同时也为生态、水文、社会经济诸学科在全球变化背景下预估未来环境变化提供可靠的科学依据.CMIP计划从AMIP开始,经历了CMIP1、CMIP2、CMIP3几个阶段的发展,并已为模式研究提供了迄今为止时间最长、内容最为广泛的模式资料库.尽管模式的模拟结果仍不可避免的存在一些不足,但世界各国纷纷利用该资料库进行模式发展以及与气候变化相关的多学科研究,为预估未来的环境变化提供了不可替代的科学依据.对其作了简要回顾,并对其在中国地区存在的问题和潜在应用前景作了简要论述.  相似文献   

Test of Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling across central Uplift of Qiangtang Terrane in Tibetan Plateau     

Lu Zhanwu  Gao Rui  Li Qiusheng  He Rizheng  Kuang Chaoyang  Hou Hesheng  Xiong Xiaosong  Guan Ye  Wang Haiyan  Klemperer S L 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(2)

A test of deep seismic reflection profiling across the central uplift or metamorphic belt of the Qiangtang (羌塘) terrane, Tibet plateau, provides a first image of the crustal structure. Complex reflection patterns in the upper crust are interpreted as a series of folds and thrusts, and hivergent reflections in the lower crust may represent a convergence between the Indian and the Eurasian plates.  相似文献