Spécificités hydrogéologiques des hautes vallées alpines: Exemple de la Haute-Sarine (Suisse)     

Julien Vaudan  Aurèle Parriaux  Laurent Tacher  Gianni della Valle 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2005,98(3):371-383

The alpine valley of the Haute-Sarine is on several accounts representative of the alluvial aquifers of mountain by its very environment and its hydrogeologic characteristics. The investigations and the analysis carried out within the framework of this study enabled us to improve knowledge on the Quaternary filling of the valley and to highlight the preferential supplies of the aquifer by infiltration of the river and precipitations and also by the underground contributions of evaporitic karsts. We also could note the opulence of groundwater resources of the Haute-Sarine both from the qualitative and the quantitative points of view. The knowledge of these typical characteristics of alluvial aquifers of high altitude allowed finally the development of a concept of management and protection of groundwater resources that falls under a sustainable development policy of the groundwater storage in the alpine areas. Manuscrit re?u le 4 février 2003 Révision acceptée le 30 mars 2005  相似文献   

Vegetation and climate change on the Bolivian Altiplano between 108,000 and 18,000 yr ago   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alex Chepstow-Lusty  Mark B. Bush  Paul A. Baker  Sherilyn C. Fritz  James Aronson 《Quaternary Research》2005,63(1):90-98

A 90,000-yr record of environmental change before 18,000 cal yr B.P. has been constructed using pollen analyses from a sediment core obtained from Salar de Uyuni (3653 m above sea level) on the Bolivian Altiplano. The sequence consists of alternating mud and salt, which reflect shifts between wet and dry periods. Low abundances of aquatic species between 108,000 and 50,000 yr ago (such as Myriophyllum and Isoëtes) and marked fluctuations in Pediastrum suggest generally dry conditions dominated by saltpans. Between 50,000 yr ago and 36,000 cal yr B.P., lacustrine sediments become increasingly dominant. The transition to the formation of paleolake “Minchin” begins with marked rises in Isoëtes and Myriophyllum, suggesting a lake of moderate depth. Similarly, between 36,000 and 26,000 cal yr B.P., the transition to paleolake Tauca is also initiated by rises in Isoëtes and Myriophyllum; the sustained presence of Isoëtes indicates the development of flooded littoral communities associated with a lake maintained at a higher water level. Polylepis tarapacana-dominated communities were probably an important component of the Altiplano terrestrial vegetation during much of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and previous wet phases.  相似文献   

中国热带第四纪气候波动的海陆对比     

黄镇国  张伟强 《云南地理环境研究》2006,18(5):1-7,13

古气候分析典型实例的对比．表明中国热带第四纪的气候波动，海域与陆域的差异主要出现在早、中更新世及末次盛冰期，而晚更新世以来直至历史时期，海陆的气候波动基本同步。中国热带万年尺度的气候变化．既受地球轨道参数的驱动，亦受季风环流的影响；千年和百年尺度的气候变化，与太阳常数本身的变化有关。  相似文献   

Investigating the spatial distribution of summit flats in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, USA     

Jeffrey S. Munroe 《Geomorphology》2006,75(3-4):437

Isolated, laterally extensive, gently sloping surfaces known as summit flats are present at high elevations in many Laramide ranges, and are particularly well developed in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah. To investigate the spatial distribution of these surfaces, and to consider possible controls on this pattern, a map of summit flats in the Uintas was developed from digital elevation data. Summit flats were identified as unglaciated areas of the landscape above an elevation of 3400 m, having a slope of less than 0.3 m m^− 1, and an area greater than 5 × 10^− 2 km². As defined, summit flats comprise 43% of the unglaciated land area above 3400 m in the Uintas, with the largest individual flat covering nearly 34 km². To quantitatively evaluate the distribution of summit flats in the Uintas, the area of summit flats was normalized to the total unglaciated area above 3400 m in 10-km-wide swaths oriented normal to the range axis. Values of percent summit flats obtained by this method decrease dramatically westward, from a high of more than 60% at the eastern end of the Uintas, to 0% at the western end. Given that individual summit flats can be diminished through lateral erosion by surrounding valley glaciers, and that the summit flats themselves were apparently never glaciated, this result suggests that glacial erosion has been more effective in the western Uintas over the course of the Quaternary. Focused glacial erosion at the upwind end of the range is consistent with the hypothesis that the proximity of Lake Bonneville enhanced precipitation over the western Uintas during the Last Glacial Maximum [Munroe, J.S., and, Mickelson, D.M., 2002. Last Glacial Maximum equilibrium-line altitudes and paleoclimate, northern Uinta Mountains, Utah, U.S.A. Journal of Glaciology, 48, 257–266].  相似文献   

天山中西段古生代花岗岩TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素定年及岩石地球化学特征研究   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

徐学义  马中平  夏祖春  夏林圻  李向民  王立社 《西北地质》2006,39(1):50-75

通过对天山中西段古生代花岗岩的锆石TIMS法U-Pb同位素定年,表明中天山托克逊南—库米什北侵入于奥陶纪可可乃克群中的碱长花岗岩形成时代为395.1±0.9Ma,花岗闪长岩体形成于393.5±2.7Ma,石英闪长岩体形成于327.3±0.9Ma,斜长花岗岩体形成时代为424.1±1.1Ma,并揭示出中天山中段库米什地区的3期构造岩浆事件,分别相当于早志留世、中泥盆世和早石炭世。中天山哈希勒根大坂黑云母花岗岩形成于286.8±0.8Ma。对伊犁石炭—二叠纪裂谷带中花岗侵入岩类的锆石TIMS法U-Pb同位素定年,表明霍城果子沟角闪花岗岩形成于351.9±1.6Ma,昭苏煤矿花岗闪长岩体形成时代为348.4±0.8Ma,新源则克台角闪辉长岩体形成于308.2±1.2Ma。南天山巴音布鲁克地区侵入于巴音布鲁克群中的石英闪长岩体形成时代为446.8±1.2Ma,独—库公路南段库尔干道班14.6km和15.2km处的角闪斜长花岗岩体与黑云母花岗岩体分别形成于426.3±1.9Ma和425.1±1.8Ma。对花岗岩的岩石地球化学研究表明,中天山托克逊南—库米什北志留纪—早泥盆世花岗岩为钙碱系列,轻稀土富集,微量元素洋脊花岗岩标准化具有Rb、Th、Ba富集,Ta、Nb亏损的分配型式,形成于火山弧环境;石炭—二叠纪花岗岩为钙碱系列,准铝—过铝质花岗岩,轻稀土富集程度较前者低,微量元素洋脊花岗岩标准化具有Rb、Th富集,Ba略亏损和高场强元素亏损的特点,形成于后碰撞(post-collision)构造环境。伊犁石炭—二叠纪裂谷带中石炭—二叠纪花岗岩为过铝质花岗岩,轻稀土富集,微量元素洋脊花岗岩标准化分配型式同样具有Rb、Th富集,Ba明显亏损和高场强元素亏损的特点,亦形成于后碰撞(post-collision)构造环境。南天山库尔干花岗岩为Al2O3含量高的钙碱性系列、过铝质花岗岩,稀土元素含量中等(157.89×10-6~81.81×10-6),轻稀土富集,Eu负异常明显,微量元素洋脊花岗岩标准化呈现出K、Rb、Th、Ba富集和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf高场强元素亏损的特点,其形成时代与天山古生代洋盆俯冲时限相当,为岛弧构造环境。依据Sr-Nd-Pb同位素回时计算结果,本次研究所取的花岗岩初始锶同位素比值高,介于0.70435~0.70982,εNd(t)值多小于零或为很低的正值,T2DM或TDM均远大于岩体形成年龄,δ18O‰多大于10,个别为6.7,显示出古老壳源物质在花岗岩浆的形成过程中起了重要作用。同时,鉴于花岗岩的εNd(t)均在0左右变动,同样说明,新生地壳在花岗岩浆的形成过程中同样起着重要作用。花岗岩的εNd(t)值与前寒武纪岩石的εNd(t)对比研究表明,中天山库米什北志留纪斜长花岗岩体可能是中新元古界斜长角闪岩部分熔融的产物,而石炭—二叠纪花岗岩既有中新元古界片麻岩或片岩部分熔融生成,亦有新生地壳部分熔融受到古老地壳混染后岩浆结晶产物。伊犁石炭—二叠纪花岗岩和南天山库尔干志留纪花岗岩均显示出新生地壳部分熔融,并受古老地壳混染的Nd同位素信息。  相似文献   

黄河源区冰楔假型群的发育及其古气候意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

程捷  张绪教  田明中  于文洋  唐德翔  岳建伟 《第四纪研究》2006,26(1):92-98

在黄河源区两岸的第二级阶地砂砾层和基座中发现了两种不同形态的冰楔假型群。一种是发育在阶地砂砾石层的冰楔假型,其特点宽而浅,底部边界呈圆滑锅状,深约0.5~0.9m,宽0.8~1.4m;另一种是发育在第二级阶地基座的基岩中,以窄深倒三角状为特点,其底部尖锐,深约0.7~2.0m,宽为0.3~1.0m。前者形成于全新世中期(5.69±0.43kaB.P.,5.43±0.41kaB.P.),后者形成于末次冰期的冰消期(13.49±1.43kaB.P.)。另外,还在洪积的砂砾石层中发现了规模较大的冻融褶皱(宽3~4m),其时代晚于39.83±3.84kaB.P.,也是末次冰期的产物。根据冰楔假型的对比研究,在全新世的中期(约5.5kaB.P.前后)和冰消期,黄河源区的降温幅度达6~7℃。尤其值得注意的是全新世中期的冰楔假型形成,表明了大暖期气温的不稳定性。  相似文献   

川西甘孜黄土磁性地层学研究及其古气候意义^*   总被引：11，自引：12，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

乔彦松  赵志中  王燕  王书兵  傅建利  李朝柱  蒋复初 《第四纪研究》2006,26(2):250-256

文章对川西甘孜地区甘孜寺剖面进行了系统的磁性地层学研究及石英颗粒表面形态特征分析。磁性地层学研究结果显示,B/M界线出现在S₈的顶部,并且在剖面下部12.7~14.0m处出现了松山负向期的贾拉米洛正向极性亚带。本次测试以及结合以前的研究结果表明,甘孜地区典型的风尘堆积形成于约1.15MaB.P.以前。石英颗粒表面形态特征的分析结果说明风尘物质可能经历了风、流水、冰川等多种外动力作用,进一步证明该区的风尘物质主要来源于青藏高原及其周缘地区的冰水沉积。另外,研究结果指示青藏高原及其周缘地区的环境状况大约在1.15MaB.P.发生了很大变化,主要表现为干旱化程度以及高原冬季风的明显增强,而这些变化又与青藏高原在该时期的快速隆升密切相关。磁性地层的研究结果将为在该区进一步开展古环境演化过程的对比分析及阶地地貌发育历史的研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

洛川黄土剖面末次冰期间冰段弱古土壤 (L₁ SS₁)分子化石及其古植被与古环境^*   总被引：5，自引：9，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

杨明生  张虎才  雷国良  张文翔  樊红芳  常凤琴  牛洁  陈玥 《第四纪研究》2006,26(6):976-984

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对连续取样的洛川黄土剖面弱古土壤层(L₁ SS₁)和相邻黄土层(L₁LL₁,L₁LL₂)的分子化石进行了检测,获得正构烷烃、正烷基-2-酮和酰胺等种类众多、丰度较高的分子化石。W_草/植=nC₃₁/(nC₂₇+nC₂₉+nC₃₁),W_木/植=(nC₂₇+nC₂₉)/(nC₂₇+nC₂₉+nC₃₁)和W_木/草=(nC₂₇+nC₂₉)/nC₃₁记录了草本与植被、木本与植被、木本与草本比例变化规律的古植被信息。检测样品的CPI值为5.60~11.50,地质作用影响较小;通过磁化率、粒度和分子化石指标的相关性分析,认为磁化率、粒度记录了环境变化及主要气候事件(相关系数达-0.81);而分子化石能较好地反映古植被变化。当气候环境由干冷向温湿变化、水热配置条件改善时,植被变化响应较迅速;当环境恶化、转向干冷时,响应较弱或滞后,这种现象可能是由于植被生态系统稳定性造成的结果。整个研究剖面段样品以nC₃₁为主峰的高碳数优势,分子化石表明末次冰期间冰段洛川地区(黄土高原)发育草本植被而没有出现以森林为主的植被。  相似文献   

Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(9)

1 Introduction China’s continent is a mountain-building zone made up of numerous micro-continental blocks and mini- continental blocks[1,2]. The continent has been sub- jected to the processes and evolution of three continual geodynamic systems of Paleo-Asia Ocean, Pa- leo-Tethys Ocean and Pacific Ocean[3]. The structural framework of China’s continent had been gradually finalized in the Neogene-Quaternary period owing to the India-Eurasia collision and its continuous com- pression[3], …  相似文献   

In situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be dating of the Quaternary glaciations in the southern Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau     

Wang Jian  Raisbeck Grand  Xu Xiaobin  Yiou Francios  Bai Shibiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(12):1291-1298

It is generally considered that four-times ice age happened during the Quaternary epoch on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the research on the chronology of the four-times ice age is far from enough. The Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place for plaeo-glacier study, because there are abundant Quaternary glacial remains there. This paper discusses the ages of the Quaternary glaciations, based on the exposure dating of roche moutonnée, moraines and glacial erosion surfaces using in situ cosmogenic isotopes ¹⁰Be. It is found that the exposure age of the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is 15 ka, corresponding to Stage 2 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope, suggesting that the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is formed in the last glacial maximum. The exposure age of glacial erosion surface at Laolinkou is 130–160 ka, corresponding to Stage 6 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. The oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at 421–766 kaBP, corresponding to Stages 12–18 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. In accordance with the climate characteristic of stages 12, 14, 16 and 18 reflected by the deep-sea oxygen isotope, polar ice cores and loess sequence, the oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at stage 12 or stage 16, the latter is more possible.  相似文献