放射性方法在DZ地区探测天然气藏有效性的研究     

石玉春  王湘云  阎明  马宏伟  张光华  陈忠华 《铀矿地质》1994,(5)

本文介绍了ＤＺ地区应用氡管法、α径迹法、地面γ能谱法及水中铀含量测量等放射性方法探测天然气藏的依据和效果。根据放射性测量资料，圈出了ＤＺ地区油气放射性异常（带）。对比结果表明：这些异常分布在地震勘探圈定出的ＤＺ鼻状隆起上，后者被钻探结果证实为含天然气的构造，有力地说明放射性方法探测天然气藏的有效性。最后，根据放射性异常分布特征和地质资料，总结出断鼻天然气藏的放射性异常模式。  相似文献   

Utility of Radiometric–aerodynamic Temperature Relations for Heat Flux Estimation     

William P. Kustas  Martha C. Anderson  John M. Norman  Fuqin Li 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,122(1):167-187

In many land-surface models using bulk transfer (one-source) approaches, the application of radiometric surface temperature observations in energy flux computations has given mixed results. This is due in part to the non-unique relationship between the so-called aerodynamic temperature, which relates to the efficiency of heat exchange between the land surface and overlying atmosphere, and a surface temperature measurement from a thermal-infrared radiometer, which largely corresponds to a weighted soil and canopy temperature as a function of radiometer viewing angle. A number of studies over the past several years using multi-source canopy models and/or experimental data have developed simplified methods to accommodate radiometric–aerodynamic temperature differences in one-source approaches. A recent investigation related the variability in the radiometric–aerodynamic relation to solar radiation using experimental data from a variety of landscapes, while another used a multi-source canopy model combined with measurements over a wide range in vegetation density to derive a relationship based on leaf area index. In this study, simulations by a detailed multi-source soil–plant–environment model, Cupid, which considers both radiative and turbulent exchanges across the soil–canopy–air interface, are used to explore the radiometric–aerodynamic temperature relations for a semi-arid shrubland ecosystem under a range of leaf area/canopy cover, soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The simulated radiometric-aerodynamic temperatures indicate that, while solar radiation and leaf area both strongly affect the magnitude of this temperature difference, the relationships are non-unique, having significant variability depending on local conditions. These simulations also show that soil–canopy temperature differences are highly correlated with variations in the radiometric–aerodynamic temperature differences, with the slope being primarily a function of leaf area. This result suggests that two-source schemes with reliable estimates of component soil and canopy temperatures and associated resistances may be better able to accommodate variability in the radiometric–aerodynamic relation for a wider range in vegetated canopy cover conditions than is possible with one-source schemes. However, comparisons of sensible heat flux estimates with Cupid using a simplified two-source model and a one-source model accommodating variability in the radiometric-aerodynamic relation based on vegetation density gave similar scatter. On the other hand, with experimental data from the shrubland site, the two-source model generally outperformed the one-source scheme. Clearly, vegetation density/leaf area has a major effect on the radiometric–aerodynamic temperature relation and must be considered in either one-source or two-source formulations. Hence these adjusted one-source models require similar inputs as in two-source approaches, but provide as output only bulk heat fluxes; this is not as useful for monitoring vegetation conditions.  相似文献   

自动散点控制回归技术在遥感数据辐射归一化中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈崇成  黄方红  黄绚 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(2):52-55

以厦门幅TM遥感影像为例, 在分析各种遥感数据相对辐射归一化方法存在的不足基础上, 介绍自动散点控制回归 (ASCR)新技术的具体算法。对运算结果做了分析比较, 并对其提出改进意见.  相似文献   

Application of multispectral LiDAR to automated virtual outcrop geology     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a valuable tool for creating virtual 3D models of geological outcrops to enable enhanced modeling and analysis of geologic strata. Application of TLS data is typically limited to the geometric point cloud that is used to create the 3D structure of the outcrop model. Digital photography can then be draped onto the 3D model, allowing visual identification and manual spatial delineation of different rock layers. Automation of the rock type identification and delineation is desirable, and recent work has investigated the use of terrestrial hyperspectral photography for this purpose. However, passive photography, whether visible or hyperspectral, presents several complexities, including accurate spatial registration with the TLS point cloud data, reliance on sunlight for illumination, and radiometric calibration to properly extract spectral signatures of the different rock types. As an active remote sensing method, a radiometrically calibrated TLS system offers the potential to directly provide spectral information for each recorded 3D point, independent of solar illumination. Therefore, the practical application of three radiometrically calibrated TLS systems with differing laser wavelengths, thereby achieving a multispectral dataset in conjunction with 3D point cloud data, is investigated using commercially available hardware and software. The radiometric calibration of the TLS intensity values is investigated and the classification performance of the multispectral TLS intensity and calibrated reflectance datasets evaluated and compared to classification performed with passive visible wavelength imagery. Results indicate that rock types can be successfully identified with radiometrically calibrated multispectral TLS data, with enhanced classification performance when fused with passive visible imagery.  相似文献   

Sediment fingerprinting as an environmental forensics tool explaining cyanobacteria blooms in lakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.S. Rowan  S. Black 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):832-843

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) blooms in water bodies present serious public health issues with attendant economic and ecological impacts. Llyn Tegid (Lake Bala) is an important conservation and amenity asset within Snowdonia National Park, Wales which since the mid-1990s has experienced multiple toxic cyanobacteria blooms threatening the ecology and tourism-dependent local economy. Multiple working hypotheses explain the emergence of this problem, including climate change, land management linked to increased nutrient flux, hydromorphological alterations or changing trophic structure - any of which may operate individually or cumulatively to impair lake function. This paper reports the findings of a sediment fingerprinting study using dated lake cores to explore the linkages between catchment and lake management practices and the emergence of the algal blooms problem. Since 1900 AD lake bed sedimentation rates have varied from 0.06 to 1.07 g cm⁻² yr⁻¹, with a pronounced acceleration since the early 1980s. Geochemical analysis revealed increases in the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), calcium and heavy metals such as zinc and lead consistent with eutrophication and a rising pollution burden, particularly since the late 1970s. An uncertainty-inclusive sediment fingerprinting approach was used to apportion the relative fluxes from the major catchment land cover types of improved pasture, rough grazing, forestry and channel banks. This showed improved pasture and channel banks are the dominant diffuse sources of sediment in the catchment, though forestry sources were important historically. Conversion of rough grazing to improved grassland, coupled with intensified land management and year-round livestock grazing, is concluded to provide the principal source of rising TP levels. Lake Habitat Survey and particle size analysis of lake cores demonstrate the hydromorphological impact of the River Dee Regulation Scheme, which controls water level and periodically diverts flow into Llyn Tegid from the adjacent Afon Tryweryn catchment. This hydromorphological impact has also been most pronounced since the late 1970s. It is concluded that an integrated approach combining land management to reduce agricultural runoff allied to improved water level regulation enabling recovery of littoral macrophytes offers the greatest chance halting the on-going cyanobacteria issue in Llyn Tegid.  相似文献   

Sediment Fluxes and Varve Formation in Sihailongwan,a Maar Lake from Northeastern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Guoqiang?ChuEmail author  Jiaqi?Liu  G.?Schettler  Jiaying?Li  Qing?Sun  Zhaoyan?Gu  Houyuan?Lu  Qiang?Liu  Tungsheng?Liu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,34(3):311-324

Data derived from monthly sediment traps in Sihailongwan, a maar lake in northeastern China, yielded a detailed record of seasonal sediment fluxes. Sediment fluxes correspond to seasonal climatic variations. The diatom flux shows two distinct peaks in September and November, whereas the flux of chrysophyte stomatocysts shows a maximum in May. The blooms of diatoms may be related to the subsequent deepening of the thermocline in September and lake overturn in spring and November, and influx of nutrient-rich groundwater sometime after the onset of the summer monsoon. The fluxes of organic matter and siliciclastics show a distinct seasonal pattern. They are varying between 0.03 and 0.56 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and reach a maximum in May. Quartz in the trap samples indicates that the siliciclastic matter may originate from distant aeolian sources. Sediment trap data and thin section investigations confirm the seasonality of Lake Sihailongwan sediments. Dark-colored layer, which mainly consists of valves of Cyclotella comta, might be deposited during autumn, and then is followed by a light-colored mixed layer starting with siliciclastics deposited after ice-out. The varved sediments in the U-shaped Lake Sihailongwan represent a sensitive siliciclastic and geochemical archive of paleoenvironmental variability in this data-sparse area. Detailed investigations of varved sediments should provide decadal to annual records of seasonal sediment flux and its relation to climatic parameters. Especially the diatomaceous layer is regarded to indicate summer climatic fluctuations, while the thick siliciclastic layer could be an indictor of dust events.  相似文献   

A precise U–Pb age on cassiterite from the Xianghualing tin-polymetallic deposit (Hunan,South China)     

Shunda Yuan  Jiantang Peng  Ruizhong Hu  Huimin Li  Nengping Shen  Dongliang Zhang 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(4):375-382

We report the first precise U–Pb isotope data on cassiterite from the large Xianghualing tin-polymetallic deposit in the central Nanling district, South China. The results show that four separates from sample XF-51 have a relatively narrow range of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U apparent ages, varying from 152 to 157 Ma, and the three ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U apparent ages yield a weighted average value of 156 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0.32). Separates from two other cassiterite samples do not have sufficient radiogenic Pb to generate a reliable ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age. Seven separates from the above three cassiterite samples define a well-constrained ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb isochron corresponding to an age of 157 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 34). A comparison of the U–Pb cassiterite ages with published Ar–Ar dates on muscovite from this deposit and K–Ar age data on biotite from the pluton genetically related to the tin mineralization in this area demonstrates that the U–Pb isotope system of cassiterite is a potential geochronometer. Combined with the Ar–Ar dates of muscovite from this deposit, we can constrain the absolute age of tin-polymetallic mineralization in Xianghualing at 154–157 Ma. The dates obtained in this study, consistent with the published geochronological results from other important deposits in this region, reveal that the large-scale tungsten–tin mineralization in the central Nanling region was predominantly emplaced during 150–161 Ma.  相似文献   

油气放射性方法勘查的数据预处理效果     

王湘云  石玉春 《铀矿地质》1995,11(3):164-168

本文根据川中某地１５０ｋｍ２范围内应用的７种放射性方法，在同一测点上获取的９个参数，共１９０２个测量数据，进行了统计分布特征研究。研究结果表明：７种放射性测量方法所获的原始数据具有３种统计分布类型──近似算术正态型、对数正态型、混合型。利用广义幂正态转换方法［１］将上述３种分布类型归结为一种分布──正态分布，获得了客观的区域背景值和异常下限值。为进一步的统计分析提供了一个较为合理的数学模型。  相似文献   

燕辽西部地区物化探区域评价和地球物理模式找矿     

刘腾耀  崔焕敏  陈国良  翟玉贵 《铀矿地质》1992,(3)

燕辽西部是一个重要的铀成矿区。多学科研究中,在解释航磁、航放等资料和分析车载、地面γ能谱测量、高精度磁测、甚低频测量、α收集膜测氡数据的基础上,该文总结出由有利矿化地区的预测模式和异常点带的评价模式组成的地球物理找矿模式,并对该区进行了铀成矿远景预测。  相似文献   

Survival of eclogite xenolith in a Cretaceous granite intruding the Central Dabieshan migmatite gneiss dome (Eastern China) and its tectonic implications   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Wei Lin  Masaki Enami  Michel Faure  Urs Schärer  Nicolas Arnaud 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(4):707-724

Investigation of an eclogite xenolith, discovered in a Cretaceous granite from the Central Domain of the Dabieshan massif in eastern China, yields new petrological insights into the high to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, experienced by the Qinling-Dabie orogen. Prior to inclusion as a xenolith in the granite during the Early Cretaceous, this eclogite xenolith had recorded a complex metamorphic evolution that complies with subduction and exhumation processes experienced by the continental crust of the South China Block. Well-preserved mineral parageneses substantiate the prograde and retrograde stages revealed by inclusions in porphyroblastic garnet and zoned minerals such as garnet, omphacite and amphibole in the matrix. The relatively low P/T re-equilibration during a late metamorphic stage was textually inferred by the presence of aluminous and calcic-subcalcic amphiboles such as katophorite, edenite, taramite and pargasite as main matrix phases. According to our U/Pb, Rb/Sr and new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological results, namely109 ± 1 and 112 ± 2 Ma plateau ages for muscovite and amphiboles, respectively, two successive but distinct cooling stages account for the thermal history of the granite–migmatite gneiss dome that forms the Central Dabieshan Domain. We argue that prior to the Cretaceous doming, the Central Dabieshan Domain experienced a tectono-metamorphic evolution similar to that observed in the high-pressure to ultra high-pressure units developed in the Southern Dabieshan Domain and Hong’an massif.  相似文献