茅台滑坡治理反思及生态环境综合治理分析     

陈佑德  卿三惠 《贵州地质》2001,18(3):191-195

茅台滑坡的产生受控于该区的地形地貌、地质构造、水文地质条件、降雨、地震和人类工种活动、生态环境等诸多因素，遥感技术手段对滑坡的研究也是十分重要的，本文分析了赤水茅台滑坡地形地质条件，提出了综合治理的工程手段和生态环境保护的重要性。  相似文献   

A Reliability Based Expert System for Assessment and Mitigation of Landslides Hazard Under Seismic Loading     

Al-Homoud  Azm S.  Tahtamoni  Wisam W. 《Natural Hazards》2001,24(1):13-51

Different models were developed for evaluating the probabilistic three-dimensional (3-D) stability analysis of earth slopes and embankments under earthquake loading using both the safety factor and the displacement criteria of slope failure.The probabilistic models evaluate the probability of failure under seismic loading considering the different sources of uncertainties involved in the problem. The models also take into consideration the spatial variabilities and correlations of soil properties. The developed models are incorporated in a computer program PTDDSSA.These analysis/design procedures are incorporated within a code named SARETL developed in this study for stability analysis and remediation of earthquake triggered landslides. In addition to the dynamic inertia forces, the system takes into consideration local site effects.The code is capable of assessing the landslide hazard affecting major transportation routes in the event of earthquakes and preparing earthquake induced landslide hazard maps (i.e., maps showing expected displacements and probability of slope/embankments failure) for different earthquake magnitudes and environmental conditions. It can also beused for proposing a mitigation strategy against landslides.  相似文献   

基于GIS的滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划关键问题研究   总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20  

丛威青  潘懋  李铁锋  吴自兴  吕广宪 《地学前缘》2006,13(1):185-190

随着GIS技术的引入,滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划的效率和准确性得以大大提高。依据工程地质类比原则,在灾害学理论指导下,结合专家打分、层次分析、人工神经网络、信息量、Logistic回归、统计量等模型方法,以MAPGIS软件为平台,利用C++语言开发了滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划评价分析系统;并重点探讨了GIS支持下的滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划过程中的因子分析、模型选取、模型复合、单元划分、系统集成、结果评价等关键问题,建立了一整套基于GIS的滑坡、泥石流灾害评价方法体系。应用该系统对长江三峡库区和辽宁省鞍山市分别开展了滑坡、泥石流灾害危险性区划研究,取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   

Epigenetic gorges in fluvial landscapes     

W. B. Ouimet  K. X. Whipple  B. T. Crosby  J. P. Johnson  T. F. Schildgen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(13):1993-2009

Epigenetic gorges form when channels that have been laterally displaced during episodes of river blockage or aggradation incise down into bedrock spurs or side‐walls of the former valley rather than excavating unconsolidated fills and reinhabiting the buried paleovalley. Valley‐filling events that promote epigenetic gorges can be localized, such as a landslide dam or an alluvial/debris flow fan deposit at a tributary junction, or widespread, such as fluvial aggradation in response to climate change or fluctuating base‐level. The formation of epigenetic gorges depends upon the competition between the resistance to transport, strength and roughness of valley‐filling sediments and a river's ability to sculpt and incise bedrock. The former affects the location and lateral mobility of a channel incising into valley‐filling deposits; the latter determines rates of bedrock incision should the path of the incising channel intersect with bedrock that is not the paleovalley bottom. Epigenetic gorge incision, by definition, post‐dates the incision that originally cut the valley. Strath terraces and sculpted bedrock walls that form in relation to epigenetic gorges should not be used to directly infer river incision induced by tectonic activity or climate variability. Rather, they are indicative of the variability of short‐term bedrock river incision and autogenic dynamics of actively incising fluvial landscapes. The rate of bedrock incision associated with an epigenetic gorge can be very high (>1 cm/yr), typically orders of magnitude higher than both short‐ and long‐term landscape denudation rates. In the context of bedrock river incision and landscape evolution, epigenetic gorges force rivers to incise more bedrock, slowing long‐term incision and delaying the adjustment of rivers to regional tectonic and climatic forcing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Process identification at a slow‐moving landslide in the Vorarlberg Alps     

Falk Lindenmaier  Erwin Zehe  Angela Dittfurth  Jürgen Ihringer 《水文研究》2005,19(8):1635-1651

A fine‐grained slope that exhibits slow movement rates was investigated to understand how geohydrological processes contribute to a consecutive development of mass movements in the Vorarlberg Alps, Austria. For that purpose intensive hydrometeorological, hydrogeological and geotechnical observations as well as surveying of surface movement rates were conducted during 1998–2001. Subsurface water dynamics at the creeping slope turned out to be dominated by a three‐dimensional pressure system. The pressure reaction is triggered by fast infiltration of surface water and subsequent lateral water flow in the south‐western part of the hillslope. The related pressure signal was shown to propagate further downhill, causing fast reactions of the piezometric head at 5·5 m depth on a daily time scale. The observed pressure reactions might belong to a temporary hillslope water body that extends further downhill. The related buoyancy forces could be one of the driving forces for the mass movement. A physically based hydrological model was adopted to model simultaneously surface and subsurface water dynamics including evapotranspiration and runoff production. It was possible to reproduce surface runoff and observed pressure reactions in principle. However, as soil hydraulic functions were only estimated on pedotransfer functions, a quantitative comparison between observed and simulated subsurface dynamics is not feasible. Nevertheless, the results suggest that it is possible to reconstruct important spatial structures based on sparse observations in the field which allow reasonable simulations with a physically based hydrological model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

灰色关联度法和距离判别分析法在溪洛渡库区潜在滑坡判识中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李秀珍  王成华  邓宏艳 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(4):77-81

以溪洛渡库区深入研究的14个典型滑坡为研究对象,在初步建立潜在滑坡判识指标的基础上,运用灰色关联度理论优选确定了影响库区潜在滑坡孕育的8个关键主控因素:坡面平均坡度、滑体内冲沟切割程度、洼地封闭状况(或排水条件)、滑面平均倾角、滑面形态、下滑段长度与总滑面长度之比、滑体结构及近期活动迹象,并依据距离判别分析的理论和方法,建立了溪洛渡库区潜在滑坡的距离判识模型。该判识模型对库区5个待判滑坡样本和9个滑坡学习样本的判识准确率均达到了100%。  相似文献   

四川江油枫顺乡大院子Ⅰ号滑坡形成条件和影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

星玉才 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2014,(2):32-36

江油市是受“5·12”地震破坏较为严重的地区之一,枫顺乡大院子I号滑坡形成于地震期间,滑坡的形成是多种因素共同作用下而导致,有内因也有外因,通过研究分析岩土C、Ф值敏感性对滑坡稳定性影响,从而更好地正确认识滑坡形成机制,为滑坡的防治提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Comparison of Static,Kinematic and Dynamic Geodetic Deformation Models for Kutlugün Landslide in Northeastern Turkey     

Mualla?Yal?inkayaEmail author  Temel?Bayrak 《Natural Hazards》2005,34(1):91-110

Being the cause of the loss of life and damaging property, landslide is an important natural hazard. Therefore, landslides have to be monitored and preventive measures taken accordingly. In Geodesy, landslides can be determined with static, kinematic and dynamic geodetic models. The aim of this study is to develop a dynamic geodetic model for landslides and compare it with static and kinematic geodetic models. A study area was selected in the Northeastern Black Sea Region of Turkey where landslides are the most effective natural hazard. Movements were determined with static, kinematic and dynamic geodetic models using geodetic, geologic and geophysical measurements made in the study area. Groundwater levels changes were regarded as causative forces in the formulation of the dynamic model. The dynamic model delivered more detailed information (direction, values, velocity, acceleration of movements) about landslide movements. It is possible to formulate more realistic strategies about prevention of landslides by using this information. As a result, it can be suggested that dynamic geodetic models are more useful in landslide studies.  相似文献   

Potential of Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS for Landslide Hazard Assessment in Southern Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sigrid?RoessnerEmail author  Hans-Ulrich?Wetzel  Hermann?Kaufmann  Aman?Sarnagoev 《Natural Hazards》2005,35(3):395-416

Big landslides are one of the main natural hazards in Kyrgyzstan, which are concentrated in the foothills of the high mountain ranges along the Eastern rim of the Fergana Basin. Because of the high number of landslides and their occurrence over large areas there is a strong need for effective and objective landslide hazard assessment at a regional scale. In Kyrgyzstan satellite remote sensing data represent the only source of multitemporal information about surface conditions covering large areas. Against this background the goal is the development of a satellite remote sensing and GIS-based system for quantitatively oriented and spatially differentiated hazard assessment. During the presented pilot investigations in the area of the Upper Maili Suu river basin a methodological framework has been developed incorporating remote sensing and GIS techniques for various levels of information extraction. So far, methodological investigations have been focused on the potential of satellite remote sensing data from different optical (Landsat-(E)TM, ASTER, MOMS-2P) and radar (ERS-1/2) systems for the creation of an improved knowledge basis for hazard assessment. This includes landslide identification, generation of topographic information and characterization of the geological setting. The derived primary information have been analyzed in a GIS environment to gain an improved process understanding as a main prerequisite for successful hazard assessment. The results show that currently available satellite remote sensing data are suitable for landslide investigation in Kyrgyzstan. Full exploitation of their information potential requires combined analysis with other thematic information based on methods of interactive and automated information extraction.  相似文献   

Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics   总被引：26，自引：17，他引：9  

Kyoji Sassa  Hiroshi Fukuoka  Gonghui Wang  Naohide Ishikawa 《Landslides》2004,1(1):7-19

Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. Some move very slowly, thus conforming to the field of statics, but some move rapidly. Study of the initiation and motion of rapid landslides needs to develop Landslide Dynamics involving dynamic loading and dynamic generation/dissipation of excess pore-water pressure. New developments in science can be facilitated by new technological advances. This study aimed to develop a new apparatus that can geotechnically simulate the formation of the shear zone and the following long and rapid shear displacement that occurs in high-velocity landslides. Professor K. Sassa and his colleagues at DPRI (Disaster Prevention Research Institute), Kyoto University, have worked to develop an undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus for this purpose. A series of different types of apparatus (DPRI-3, 4, 5, 6, 7) have been developed from 1992 to the present. This paper describes the development of this apparatus and its application to the study of earthquake-induced landslides and the latest landslide-triggered debris flow in Japan. Also, tests of the latest version (DPRI-7) with a transparent shear box for direct observation of the shear zone during a rapid shearing are described.  相似文献