我国特色成矿系统的研究进展与重点关注的科学问题     

张鸿翔 《地球科学进展》2009,24(5):563-570

中国位于全球三大成矿域的交汇部位,成矿条件优越.同时发育有几种独具特色的成矿系统,如西南大面积低温成矿域、峨眉山地幔柱成矿系统以及广泛分布在华北的前寒武纪条带状铁矿,引起国内外地质学界的广泛关注.对这3种特殊的成矿系统近年来的科研进展进行了综述性回顾,并提出今后需要加强研究的若干重要科学问题.  相似文献   

"973"计划资源环境领域数据汇交进展与数据分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王卷乐  杨雅萍  诸云强  宋佳  朱华忠  冯敏 《地球科学进展》2009,24(8):947-953

国家科技计划项目数据汇交对于促进科学数据的整合集成,增强国家科技投入的效益,提高我国科技计划项目管理水平具有重要意义。经过充分研究,科技部基础司选择国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资源环境领域作为试点,于2008年启动数据汇交工作,并专门成立数据汇交中心。2008年,按照数据汇交计划制定、数据汇交准备、数据实体汇交、数据共享服务4个阶段的工作流程,分"已结题"、"即将于2008年结题"和"在研"3种类型开展汇交工作,完成了24个结题项目的数据汇交,汇交数据总量超过620 GB。为了保证数据汇交的可操作性和规范化,数据汇交中心制定了包括核心元数据规范、数据文档格式等7项标准规范;研制了数据汇交软件工具;建立了海量数据存储环境;设计开发了数据汇交共享服务网络平台。面向数据服务进一步的需要,分析了已汇交数据情况,具体分为5种类型,即定点长期监测和野外定点调查类、区域调查和统计分析类、模型计算类、试验化验分析类、客观或主观描述类,并提出了相应的数据展示策略。  相似文献   

江苏省无机材料专业测试服务中心研究方向探讨          下载免费PDF全文

周康民  黄光明  曹景阳  高孝礼  蔡玉曼  江冶  张培新 《江苏地质》2009,33(3):325-327

介绍了江苏省无机材料专业测试服务中心建设的背景、作用、功能和研究方向,从测试新技术在材料领域的应用研究、新材料分析测试标准方法和标准物质的研究、非金属材料物化性能研究、生态环境测试技术研究、应对国际贸易技术壁垒等方面入手,详细叙述了中心正在或将要开展的研究领域和方向,旨在更好为地方经济建设提供技术支持和技术服务功能。  相似文献   

1901~2013年GPCC和CRU降水资料在中国大陆的适用性评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王丹  王爱慧 《气候与环境研究》2017,22(4):446-462

利用1901~2013年中国大陆地区的气象台站实测降水资料,对东英吉利（East Anglia）大学气候研究中心（Climatic Research Unit,CRU）和全球降水气候中心（Global Precipitation Climatology Centre,GPCC）的降水资料分别从季节、年际和年代际尺度上进行了评估。结果表明：1961~2013年CRU与GPCC降水资料均能较准确地描述中国大陆地区的降水特征,且在东部较西部地区、夏季较冬季与站点实测降水情况更为一致。将中国大陆划分为不同区域并在其季节、年际和年代际时间尺度上通过比较降水偏差绝对值的百分比、均方根误差和相关系数等统计量后发现：CRU在青藏高原和其它较大的山脉附近与站点实测降水的差别较大,且年均降水趋势在西北一带的阿尔金山脉、黄土高原、东南地区和长江下游地区,比实测降水的年均趋势小、甚至出现趋势相反的情况。此外,CRU降水的年代际变化趋势也偏小。而GPCC数据不论是降水量还是降水趋势都更接近实际情况。在1901~1961年,通过与65个长期气象观测站点的降水时间序列比较发现,CRU在110°E以西地区与站点观测的降水资料间的差别较大,而GPCC与站点观测资料的吻合较好。最后,利用1961~2013年两套降水资料和站点实测资料分别计算了标准化降水指数（SPI）,简单分析了中国大陆地区的干旱变化,发现GPCC对旱涝的时空变化特征的描述比CRU更接近站点实际观测;并且CRU也没有反映出1997年夏季中国地区出现的严重干旱情况,而GPCC较为准确地反映出了这一干旱事件特征。因此,本文的研究结果认为,就中国大陆地区长时期降水资料而言,GPCC的适用性优于CRU。  相似文献   

广东信宜1、2号井水温的同震响应及机理初步探讨     

林云存 《华南地震》2012,(2):133-137

介绍了信宜1、2号井水文地质环境,总结了近年来两井水温的同震响应现象,并对其机理进行了初步的探讨。认为两口井的同震响应虽然形态不一致,但机理是相近的,主要是由于地震波的扰动,随着振动效应的作用,加大了不同含水层间的垂直运动速率,而产生水温上升或下降现象,震后一段时间随着混合通道的闭合或运动速率的恢复,2号井的水温逐渐恢复到原有的水平上。  相似文献   

国际海洋观测技术发展趋势与中国深海台站建设实践   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李健  陈荣裕  王盛安  毛华斌  何云开  隋丹丹  谢强  施平  杨跃忠  王东晓 《热带海洋学报》2012,(2):123-133

20世纪80年代以来,海洋观测呈现"多元化、立体化、实时化"的发展趋势,地区和国家的海洋观测系统在关键海域发挥着重要作用。随着技术的发展和理念的创新,区域海洋观测系统被广泛应用并得到不断完善。国际海洋观测台站如英国爱尔兰海区域、美国卡罗来纳州海区和加拿大维多利亚海底实验观测网的多元化观测系统(VENUS)都是值得借鉴的例子,他们把多元化、立体化的实时测量数据与海洋物理、生态和生物化学模式紧密结合起来,实现了海洋环境的可预报性。同时,美国、英德法等国和日本实施的一系列海底观测系统,使海洋观测更加完备化。在这种国际大背景下,我国积极推进的海洋观测研究网络工程中的第一个深海台站——西沙海洋观测研究站在2008年已经建设完成并投入运行,该台站实现了长时效的多参数海洋环境实时监控。西沙观测系统主要包括自动气象站、岛屿外缘坐底式海底和海底边界层观测子系统、生物捕获器、西沙上层海洋环境观测子系统和海洋光学监测子系统等。由于海洋环境结构复杂、工作环境恶劣以及资源缺乏等因素的影响,海洋观测一直是高风险的工作。最后希望通过比较国内外观测系统,中国海洋观测事业能够学习国外先进的思路和技术,自身取得更大进步。  相似文献   

广东吴川吴阳古沉船为明代古船文献考析     

陈国威 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(2):21-26

广东吴川吴阳镇是国家级的历史文化名镇,境内历史文物众多.因濒临南海,自古为雷州半岛与外界交往的海洋通道.据考察研究及文物普查,该镇存在着一处古沉船遗址.沉船年代未明,一说为唐宋船,一说为近代外国船.通过民俗、历史地理遗迹调查,结合相关历史文献,论证吴阳古沉船为明代古船的可能性,甚至为17世纪荷兰古沉船.古沉船的历史信息不仅丰富了雷州半岛与域外交往的历史,而且为今后进一步开展雷州半岛航海史考古特别是古沉船考古奠定了文献基础  相似文献   

Thirty years(1984–2014) of groundwater science teaching and research in China: A dissertation-based bibliometric survey          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAI Yuan-zheng  JIANG Shi-jie  TENG Yan-guo  WANG Jin-sheng  GU Hong-biao  XIE Liang  YIN Zhi-hua 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):222-237

In order to track the footprint of groundwater science teaching and research in China during the past years, a bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), which covered the time span from 1984 to present and included more than 2.6 million master and doctoral dissertations from hundreds of institutions of Mainland China. The bibliometric analysis summarized output, geographical, and institutional patterns, as well as research directions and hotspots in groundwater studies in China in the period of 1984-2014. A total of 1 396 groundwater-related dissertations including 1 161 master dissertations and 235 doctoral dissertations, contributed by 128 institutions distributed in 53 cities nationwide, were searched out in the database. It can be seen obviously that, the groundwater science teaching and research in China has experienced a notable growth in the past three decades especially during 2000-2014. Groundwater modeling, resource, and exploitation were the top three major subject categories; China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Jilin University and Chang’an University were the top three productive institutions together accounting for more than one third of the total dissertations and 50% of the doctoral dissertations, which further prompted the cities (Beijing, Changchun, and Xi’an) to become the top three productive cities. The dissertations generally covered all the international research topics, which indicated that hydrogeologists in China have tracked the international frontier closely during the past decades. The keywords analysis revealed that, (1) numerical modeling was still the hottest topic and PHREEQC, MODFLOW, GMS, and FEFLOW were the four most used softwares; (2) the topics related with groundwater pollution and quality developed steadily and rapidly; (3) environmental isotopes and GIS were frequently used tools for hydrogeological condition analysis, and spatial data processing respectively; and (4) the unsaturated zone as an integral part of aquifers attracted more and more attentions from hydrogeologists focus on saturated zone.  相似文献   

Charting the emergence of a ‘knowing system’ for climate change adaptation in Australian regional natural resource management     

《Geoforum》2017

Climate change increases the complexity and uncertainty of regional natural resource management (NRM), calling into question the appropriateness of linear knowledge-transfer approaches. In this paper we reflect on knowledge practices among a partnership of researchers and NRM planners, under a federal program of NRM investment intended to ‘deliver information’ to regional NRM planners to support planning for climate change. We unpack ‘container’ and ‘conduit’ metaphors of linear, one-way communication invoked by the starting conditions, and explore whether more relational ways of communicating were achieved. A key theme emerged early in the research that NRM planners felt overwhelmed by the sheer volume of information available and discouraged by the irrelevance of much of it to their climate change planning. Our research-practice collaboration unfolded in this context and through ongoing face-to-face and virtual engagement over a period of two years. The collaborative approach featured joint identification of priority activities, co-design of planning approaches, and the iterative co-development of an online ‘information portal’, which acted as a boundary object. We report the emergence of a ‘knowing system’, resulting from these efforts to foster relationships and co-produce boundary objects in a particular geographic context. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of investing in the capacity of researchers and NRM practitioners to engage in collaborative research partnerships premised on the emergence of knowing systems.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal evaluation of global gridded precipitation datasets across Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari  Kumars Ebrahimi 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):1669-1688

ABSTRACT

In this work, the accuracy of four gridded precipitation datasets – Climatic Research Unit (CRU), Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), PERSIANN-Climate Data Record (PCDR) and University of Delaware (UDEL) – is evaluated across Iran to find an alternative source of precipitation data. Monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation data from 85 synoptic stations for the period 1984–2013 were used as the basis for the evaluations. Our results indicate that all datasets underestimate and overestimate precipitation in stations with annual precipitation greater than 600 and less than 100 mm, respectively. However, all datasets correctly recognize regimes of precipitation, but with a bias in amount of precipitation. Our spatio-temporal assessments show that GPCC is the most suitable dataset to be used over Iran. Both UDEL and CRU can be considered as the second and third most suitable datasets, while PCDR showed the weakest performance among the studied datasets.  相似文献