排序方式： 共有101条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
通过对已有成果资料的分析利用和合理选用起算数据,按照技术要求,采用GPS静态测量技术、四等水准测量方式布设控制网和RTK动态测量技术、全站仪进行地形和管线测量,以及内外业一体化成图方式进行方案设计,并对作业中的技术指标及注意事项作了阐述,从而有效指导了项目的顺利实施,加快了作业进度,提高了成果质量。 相似文献
83.
In this paper, a numerical model is established for simulating the wave forces on a submarine pipeline. A set of two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations is discretized numerically with a finite volume method in a moving mesh system. After each time step, the mesh is modified according to the changed wave surface boundary. The deffered correction second-order upwind scheme (SUDC) is adopted here to discretize the convective fluxes. The effects of the clearance between the pipeline and the seabed, water depth and wave height on wave forces are studied, respectively. The results by the numerical simulation agree well with the experimental data and theory value. 相似文献
84.
A numerical model for local scour below pipelines is employed to investigate the Reynolds-number dependence of the two-dimensional scour beneath offshore pipelines in steady currents. A novel wall function is proposed in calculating the suspended sediment transport rate in the model. Scour developments beneath a model pipeline and the corresponding prototype pipeline are simulated under the same undisturbed Shields parameter but different values of Reynolds number. The effects of the Reynolds number difference on the scour profile development are investigated. It is found that scour depths for prototype pipelines are about 10–15% smaller than those for model pipelines. The flow phenomena that causes this difference are discussed by means of flow visualization. The normalized time scales are found to be approximately the same. The simulated scour profiles for the model pipelines agree well with the experimental results from an independent study. 相似文献
85.
利用穿插HDPE管内衬技术对因泄漏严重而停运多年的过江供水管道进行修复，既能彻底解决管道泄漏问题，又不减小管道过流面积，不影响航道正常航运，而且比更换新管大大节省费用和工期。 相似文献
86.
多年冻土区石油污染物迁移过程和特点、污染定量评价、防治和治理措施研发,都是目前寒区经济发展和能源开发迫切需要解决的重要课题.通过室内试验对土体温度场分布、水分分布和石油总量分布的监测分析,研究了冻融循环作用对迁移过程的影响机制.试验结果表明,冻融循环作用通过影响石油污染物本身的物理性质、土颗粒对石油污染物的吸附作用和土体内水相的分布和相状态,影响了石油污染物的迁移过程.原油黏度随温度的降低逐渐增加,使得原油在土体中的迁移能力降低.冻融循环是油水迁移的主要驱动力之一,随着冻融循环的增加,石油污染物和水分向上迁移并聚集,石油随土样高度增加逐渐减小,而水分随高度增加而增加且在一定的位置聚集.研究成果可为多年冻土区石油污染迁移过程和定量评价及防治治理提供重要基础和参考. 相似文献
87.
The principal causes of earthquake-induced ground deformation are identified and their interaction with underground infrastructure, primarily pipelines and conduits, is described. The coupled forces normal and parallel to underground pipelines arising from earthquake-induced ground movement are evaluated, including a review of measured stresses on pipe surfaces during large-scale testing, evaluation of frictional forces related to soil-pipe interaction, and the resolution of interaction forces along and across pipelines. Methods for characterizing soil reaction to pipe lateral and vertical movements are presented. The maximum downward pipe force is only about one-third the maximum force determined with conventional bearing capacity equations, thus requiring changes in current analytical and design practice. The analytical results for pipeline response to strike-slip and normal fault rupture are shown to compare favorably with the results of both large-scale and centrifuge tests of soil-pipeline interaction simulating these types of severe ground deformation. 相似文献
88.
《Marine Policy》2017
The purpose of every offshore oil and gas pipeline is to transport fluid through a conduit from one point to another, but differences in field location, water depth, development strategy, time of sanction, seafloor topography, ownership and other factors means that installed mileage is expected to have complex site, time and location dependencies. The purpose of this review is to describe and illustrate the main factors that impact pipeline construction in the deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Understanding the nature of these dependencies and the manner in which factors interact and impact pipeline construction is the principal goal of this review. System attributes and their impact on activity drivers are described using a series of mini case studies. Lessons learned are synthesized and summarized. 相似文献
89.
A numerical model is developed to predict the onset of local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents and waves. The scour is assumed to start when the pressure gradient underneath the pipeline exceeds the floatation gradient of the sediments. In this model, the water flow field above the bed is determined by solving the two-dimensional (2-D) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k-ω turbulence closure. The seepage flow below the seabed is calculated by solving the Darcy's law (Laplace's equation) with known pressure distribution along the common boundaries of the flow domains-seabed. The numerical method used for both the turbulent flow around the pipeline and Darcy's flow in the seabed is a fractional finite element method. The average pressure gradient along the buried pipe surface is employed in the evaluation of onset condition with a calibration coefficient. The numerical model is validated against experimental data available in literature. A unified onset condition for steady currents and waves is proposed. Influences of flow parameters, including water depth, embedment depth, boundary layer thickness, Reynolds number (Re) and Keuleagan–Carpenter (KC) number, on the pressure drop coefficient over the pipeline are studied systematically. 相似文献
90.