Complex kame belt morphology,stratigraphy and architecture     

Harold Lovell  Stephen J. Livingstone  Clare M. Boston  Adam D. Booth  Robert D. Storrar  Iestyn D. Barr 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(13):2685-2702

The development of glacier karst at the margins of melting ice sheets produces complex glaciofluvial sediment-landform assemblages that provide information on ice sheet downwasting processes. We present the first combined geomorphological, sedimentological and geophysical investigation of the Brampton Kame Belt, an important glaciofluvial depositional zone at the centre of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data allow the broad scale internal architecture of ridges (eskers) and flat-topped hills (ice-walled lake plains) to be determined at four sites. In combination with sediment exposures, these provide information on lateral and vertical variations in accretion styles, depositional boundaries, and grain size changes. Building on existing work on the subject, we propose a refined model for the formation of ice-walled lake plains resulting from the evolution and collapse of major drainage axes into lakes as stable glacier karst develops during deglaciation. The internal structure of esker ridges demonstrates variations in sedimentation that can be linked to differences in ridge morphologies across the kame belt. This includes low energy flow conditions and multiple accretion phases identified within large S-N oriented esker ridges; and fluctuating water pressures, hyperconcentrated flows, and significant deformation within a fragmented SW–NE oriented esker ridge. In combination with updated geomorphological mapping, this work allows us to identify two main styles of drainage within the kame belt: (1) major drainage axes aligned broadly S-N that extend through the entire kame belt and collapsed into a chain of ice-walled lakes; and (2) a series of smaller, fragmented SW–NE aligned esker ridges that represent ice-marginal drainage as the ice sheet receded south-eastwards up the Vale of Eden. Our study demonstrates the importance of integrated geomorphological, sedimentological and geophysical investigations in order to understand complex and polyphase glaciofluvial sediment-landform assemblages. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Measurements of sheet flow transport in acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow and comparison with practical formulations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dominic A. van der A  Tom O'Donoghue  Jan S. Ribberink 《Coastal Engineering》2010

Near-bed oscillatory flows with acceleration skewness are characteristic of steep and breaking waves in shallow water. In order to isolate the effects of acceleration skewness on sheet flow sand transport, new experiments are carried out in the Aberdeen Oscillatory Flow Tunnel. The experiments have produced a dataset of net transport rates for full-scale oscillatory flows with varying degrees of acceleration skewness and three sand sizes. The new data confirm previous research that net transport in acceleration-skewed flow is non-zero, is always in the direction of the largest acceleration and increases with increasing acceleration skewness. Large transport rates for the fine sand conditions suggest that phase lag effects play an important role in augmenting positive net transport. A comparison of the new experimental data with a number of practical sand transport formulations that incorporate acceleration skewness shows that none of the formulations performs well in predicting the measured net transport rates for both the fine and the coarser sands. The new experimental data can be used to further develop practical sand transport formulations to better account for acceleration skewness.  相似文献   

Modelling of sand transport under wave-generated sheet flows with a RANS diffusion model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W.N.M. Hassan  J.S. Ribberink 《Coastal Engineering》2010

A 1DV-RANS diffusion model is used to study sand transport processes in oscillatory flat-bed/sheet flow conditions. The central aim is the verification of the model with laboratory data and to identify processes controlling the magnitude and direction (‘onshore’/‘offshore’) of the net time-averaged sand transport. The model is verified with a large series of measured net sand transport rates, as collected in different wave tunnels for a range of wave-current conditions and grain sizes. Although not all sheet flow details are represented in the 1DV-model, it is shown that the model is able to give a correct representation of the observed trends in the data with respect to the influence of the velocity, wave period and grain diameter. Also detailed mean sediment flux profiles in the sheet flow layer are well reproduced by the model, including the direction change from ‘onshore’ to ‘offshore’ due to a difference in grain size from 0.34 mm (medium sand) to 0.13 mm (fine sand). A model sensitivity study with a selected series of net transport data shows that the stirring height of the suspended sediment ε_s/w_s strongly controls the magnitude and direction of the net sediment transport. Inclusion of both hindered settling and density stratification appears to be necessary to correctly represent the sand fluxes for waves alone and for waves + a superimposed current. The best agreement with a large dataset of net transport measurements is obtained with the 1DV-RANS model in its original settings using a Prandtl–Schmidt number σ_ρ = 0.5.  相似文献   

The changing Patagonian landscape: Erosion and westward sediment transfer paths in northern Patagonia during the Middle and Late Pleistocene     

Tania Villaseñor  Daniel Tentori  Kathleen M. Marsaglia  Luisa Pinto 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):1035-1053

Pleistocene glaciations have promoted important landscape transformations as a result of high rates of erosion and rapid sediment evacuation to adjacent marine basins. In the Patagonian Andes the role of the Patagonian Ice Sheet on landscape evolution, in particular the spatial patterns of glacial erosion and its influence on sediment fluxes, is poorly documented. Here, we investigate the Middle and Late Pleistocene sedimentary record of the continental slope from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 861, offshore Patagonia (46°S), to evaluate the link between glaciations, mountain range erosion and continental margin strata formation. Petrographic analysis of the sand-size fraction (0.063–2 mm) and ɛNd and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr measurements in the silt-size fraction (10–63 µm) indicate that glacial erosion over the last 350,000 years has focused within the Patagonian Batholith, with a minor influence of a proximal source to the drilling site, the Chonos Metamorphic Complex. This shows that erosion has focused in the core of the northern Patagonian Andes, coinciding roughly with the location of the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone and the zone of concentrated precipitation during glaciations, suggesting a combined climatic and structural control on glacial erosion. Temporal variation in the provenance signal is contemporaneous with a marked change in the stratigraphy of ODP Site 861 that occurred after the glaciation of MIS 8 (~240 kyr ago). Before MIS 8, a restricted provenance signal and coarse lithofacies accumulated on the continental slope indicates spatially restricted erosion and efficient transfer of sediment towards the ocean. In contrast, very high provenance variability and finer continental slope lithofacies accumulation after MIS 8 suggest a disorganized expansion of the areas under erosion and a more distal influence of ice sediment discharge to this site. We argue that this change may have been related to a re-organization of the drainage patterns of the Patagonian Ice Sheet and flow of outlet glaciers to the continental margin during the last two glaciations.  相似文献   

淮北平原覆盖区土壤采样密度及其环境质量研究——以1∶5万高炉集幅为例     

陶春军  史春鸿  张笑蓉  管后春  贾十军 《物探与化探》2021,(1):200-206

以1∶5万高炉集幅为研究对象,在6个点/km2及4个点/km2两种采样密度条件下,土壤元素在地球化学参数特征及空间分布上均相近,表明该图幅内采样密度4个点/km2可以满足1∶5万土地质量调查评价工作的要求.基于不同采样密度下土壤元素地球化学特征的对比分析,提出淮北平原覆盖区地质背景相对单一的连片耕地区开展1∶5万土地质...  相似文献   

Deglaciation chronology of the Donegal Ice Centre,north‐west Ireland     

Peter Wilson  Colin K. Ballantyne  Sara Benetti  David Small  Derek Fabel  Chris D. Clark 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(1):16-28

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Geomorphological and seismostratigraphic evidence for multidirectional polyphase glaciation of the northern Celtic Sea     

Zsuzsanna Tóth  Stephen McCarron  Andrew J. Wheeler  Stefan Wenau  Stephen Davis  Aaron Lim  Volkhard Spiess 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(3):465-478

High-resolution seismic and bathymetric data offshore southeast Ireland and LIDaR data in County Waterford are presented that partially overlap previous studies. The observed Quaternary stratigraphic succession offshore southeast Ireland (between Dungarvan and Kilmore Quay) records a sequence of depositional and erosional events that supports regional glacial models derived from nearby coastal sediment stratigraphies and landforms. A regionally widespread, acoustically massive facies interpreted as the ‘Irish Sea Till’ infills an uneven, channelized bedrock surface overlying irregular mounds and deposits in bedrock lows that are probably earlier Pleistocene diamicts. The till is truncated and overlain by a thin, stratified facies, suggesting the development of a regional palaeolake following ice recession of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. A north–south oriented seabed ridge to the north is interpreted as an esker, representing southward flowing subglacial drainage associated with a restricted ice sheet advance of the Irish Ice Sheet onto the Celtic Sea shelf. Onshore topographic data reveal streamlined bedforms that corroborate a southerly advance of ice onto the shelf across County Waterford. The combined evidence supports previous palaeoglaciological models. Significantly, for the first time, this study defines a southern limit for a Late Midlandian Irish Ice Sheet advance onto the Celtic Sea shelf. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Constraining the geometry and volume of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet          下载免费PDF全文

Samuel B. Kachuck  Lawrence M. Cathles 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(5):527-535

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新疆西昆仑天文点一带发现早更新世冰碛层及其意义     

崔建堂  韩芳林  王炬川  罗乾周  边小卫 《陕西地质》2009,27(2):48-52

前人曾经提出青藏高原早更新世存在一次大冰期,但苦于未找到冰碛层而未曾被人们重视。本次《康西瓦》、《恰哈》、《岔路口》、《阿克萨依湖》四幅1：25万区域地质调查项目,2003年在《岔路口》幅天文点一乔尔天坦一带野外地质调查工作中,首次发现了早更新世冰碛层,其分布特征与现代地形地貌无直接关系,说明该期冰碛层形成之后,地壳还发生了差异隆升。该冰碛层的发现对确定青藏高原早更新世冰期的存在,提供了直接的证据,对研究青藏高原“大冰盖”和“统一大湖”学说提供了可靠的资料,对进一步研究大陆动力学及地壳构造演化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Parametric studies of DDC-induced deflections of sheet pile walls in soft soils     

Yong Tan  Ye Lu 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

This paper presents a thorough finite element (FE) parametric study of sheet pile wall deflections caused by deep dynamic compaction (DDC). In this study, the effects of several parameters which may affect the wall deflections were investigated. These parameters are (1) wall embedment length; (2) tamping distance; (3) impact energy per blow; (4) blow counts; (5) soil types on the supporting side of sheet pile walls; and (6) wall stiffness. The effects of these parameters were quantified and discussed, and the factors that help to reduce wall deflections were identified. A series of figures which depict the effects of these parameters were generated. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations for design and construction were reached.  相似文献