滑坡预测预报的基础及我国主要滑坡岩组特征的确定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

晏同珍 《地球科学》1985,(1)

滑坡已看成为一种地质灾害,它具有降低环境质量和破坏地表生态平衡的势头。由于人类工程活动而使滑坡灾害发生频繁,一些国家的许多学者已在从事滑坡规律及其空、时预测预报的研究,目的在于理想地去阻止或减缓其灾害作用,本文试图就上面问题作一努力。文中强调:工程地质类比法是滑坡预测预报的基础。其原理在于类似的工程地质环境会引起类同的滑坡。为了表示滑坡预测分区的数字制图,藉助于数据统计、概率及信息理论,类比法可从定性过渡到定量分析。据此基础而编制了滑坡过程工程地质预测简表。设1975年研究的滑坡岩性资料代表从全国范围内抽取的样本,则应用地质变量选取方法可得到我国主要滑坡岩组类型,其结果列于表4。  相似文献   

Reinforcement analysis and design of mechanical roof bolting systems in horizontally bedded mine roofs     

D. H. Y. Tang  Syd S. Peng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1985,3(1):1-25

Summary In order to design roof bolting systems safely and economically, it is essential to understand the flexural behaviour of the immediate roof. Based on the strata sequence, the strata in the immediate roof are divided into three types. The flexural behaviour of the three strata types are investigated in terms of the following effects: roof span, horizontal stress, thickness and Young's modulus of the lowest strata.The suspension reinforcement mechanism is analysed using beam-column theory. The equations for the maximum bending stress, deflection and transferred bolt load for the bolted strata are derived. In the analysis, the bolt load is assumed to be a point load and a horizontal stress is uniformly applied to each stratum. The friction reinforcement mechanism is also investigated. The major function of roof bolting in this case is to create frictional resistance by tensioning the roof bolts so that the individual layers are combined into one single thick layer.A computer program and nomographs are developed for the determination of proper bolting pattern and bolt tension. It is hoped that this development can lead to maximum safety with minimum cost for the design of roof bolting systems in underground coal mines.  相似文献   

Estimation of in-situ hydraulic diffusivity of rock masses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Victor C. Li 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):545-559

A method of estimating in-situ hydraulic diffusivity of rock masses by means of well-injection history and frequency of induced seismicity is presented. The method is based on the diffusion of injected fluid from a spherical cavity in a poroelastic half-space and the effective stress theory, as proposed byTerzaghi (1925, 1936) andHubbert andRubey (1959). Application of the method to two different regions, one in western New York and the other in Japan, resulted in estimated diffusivities of the order 10³ and 10⁴ cm²/sec, respectively. These values lie within the range of published estimates of in-situ diffusivity by other means, a summary of which is presented in tabular form. The calculated diffusivities suggest that the characteristic time of fluid diffusion is close to 0.1, rather than unity, as is sometimes assumed in the literature.  相似文献   

Explosive gas pressure and work     

Robert R. Britton  Jozsef S. Gozon 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(4):351-354

Conclusion The inference is that work produced by an explosive tends to be a result of explosive generated gas pressure rather than the more constant shock energy.The breakage and adiabatic work respond to calculated borehole pressure relationships with a very high correlation. This indicates that the primary mechanism for rock breakage is explosive generated gas pressure.  相似文献   

常州市滆湖典型地块浅层地下水数值模拟     

姜蓓蕾  吴吉春  杨仪 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(6):29-32

苏锡常地区是我国经济最发达的地区之一。多年来，该地区由于超量开采深层地下水已经引起了严重的地质灾害。在当前严禁开采深层地下水的形势下，对该地区的浅层地下水资源进行科学评价，查明该地区浅层地下水的开发潜力具有十分重要的意义。本文采用GMS软件对常州市滆湖典型地块浅层地下水进行了精细的数值模拟，经模型识别和校正之后，对典型地块的浅层地下水可开采量做出评价。本次对浅层地下水的数值模拟在苏锡常地区内尚属首次，模拟结果可为今后全区合理开发利用浅层微承压地下水提供依据。  相似文献   

Use of backpropagation neural network for landslide monitoring: a case study in the higher Himalaya   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

K. M. Neaupane  S. H. Achet   《Engineering Geology》2004,74(3-4):213-226

Static and dynamic rock slope stability analyses were performed using a numerical discontinuum modelling technique for a 700-m high rock slope in western Norway. The rock slope has been investigated by the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), which has been carrying out rock slide studies for the county Møre and Romsdal in western Norway. The purpose of numerical modelling was to estimate the volume of the rock mass that could potentially slide under static and dynamic forces. This estimation was required to assess the run-up heights (tsunami) in a fjord that could potentially be caused by the rockslide. Three cases have been simulated for predicting the behaviour of the rock slope. First, an initial static loading is applied in the numerical model to simulate the prevailing rock mass conditions at the site. Second, saturated and weathered joint conditions are modelled by reducing the residual friction angle along the discontinuities of the rock mass. In doing so, the model simulates the effect of degradation of discontinuities in the rock slope. Third, a dynamic loading, based on peak ground accelerations expected in the area, is applied to simulate dynamic earthquake conditions.

These numerical studies have provided some useful insights into the deformation mechanisms in the rock slope. Both sliding and rotation of blocks start to occur once the residual friction angle along the discontinuities is reduced and when the region is shaken by a strong earthquake. The results indicate that, due to variations in the inclination of discontinuities, the entire slope does not become unstable and that down-slope sliding and rotation of blocks occur mainly on the top layers of the slope. Within the range of parameter values considered for this study, it is unlikely that the whole rock slope can be destabilised. The study provides an illustration of how the geo-mechanical properties of a rock mass can be integrated in a discontinuum rock slope model, which is used for predicting the behaviour of the slope under existing environmental and earthquake conditions. This model has helped not only to better understand the dynamics of the rockslide but also to estimate the potential rock volume that can become unstable when subjected to static and dynamic loads.  相似文献   

Chemostratigraphy of Flood Basalts in the Garze-Litang Region and Zongza Block: Implications for Western Extension of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pirajno FRANCO 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):61-67

The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is just a maximum estimation because some parts of the ELIP were not recognized or dismembered and destroyed during the Triassic to Cenozoic tectonism. In this paper, the chemostratigraphical data of the Zongza block, the Garze-Litang belt and the Songpan-Garze block suggest that the Late Permian basalts in these areas have remarkable similarities to the ELIP basalts in petrography and geochemistry. Flood basalts in the Sanjiangkou area are composed of the lower part of the low-Ti (LT) tholeiite and the upper part of the high-Ti (HT) tholeiite, which is the same as the flood basalts on the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Flood basalts in the Zongza and Songpan-Garze areas, which are far from the Yangtze craton, consist of HT tholeiite only. This is the same as the flood basalts within the Y  相似文献   

长江中下游地区早白垩世埃达克质岩的大地构造背景及其成矿意义   总被引：28，自引：22，他引：28  

汪洋邓晋福  姬广义 《岩石学报》2004,20(2):297-314

长江中下游地区是中国重要的铜资源基地之一。该成矿带广泛发育与Cu-Au成矿作用密切相关的早白垩世火成岩。大多数与成矿有关的中酸性侵入岩具有类似埃达克岩的地球化学特征,即富集Sr而贫HREE(如:Y和Yb);但它们具有负的εNd(t)值和相对富集的Sr同位素初始比值(>0.704.),因此,被称为埃达克质岩。根据岩石化学数据,研究区埃达克质侵入岩多数属于高钾钙碱性系列,部分属于钙碱性系列;而火山岩和A型花岗岩类由于其高钾和富铁特征而属于钾质碱性系列。岩石地球化学资料显示,与成矿作用有关的中酸性埃达克质侵入岩经历了复杂的成岩过程,至少包括在深位岩浆房(>35～40 km深度)的分离结晶和在高位岩浆房内的分离结晶或AFC过程两个阶段。同时不排除有下地壳直接熔融形成的埃达克质熔体参与的可能性。富钾的火山岩则是原生岩浆在深位岩浆房(>40-50 km深度)经镁铁矿物的分离结晶过程演化而来。基于长江中下游地区及其邻区的区域地质构造、早白垩世岩浆岩的岩石化学和地球化学特征和岩浆活动的时空演变特征的综合分析,推测该成矿带在早白垩世早期处于大陆边缘岩浆弧内陆一侧,岩浆活动与古太平洋板块的斜向俯冲作用有关;晚期由于俯冲板片迁移(变陡),岩浆岩具有弧后环境特征。俯冲板片上部所释放的超临界流体提高了地幔  相似文献   

Gravity evolution and earthquake activities of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang block     

Zhu Yi-qing  Li Hui  Zhu Gui-zhi  Xu Yun-ma 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):76-84

The relationship between temporal-spatial evolution of gravity and earthquake activity during 1992–2001 has been analyzed systematically by integrally adjusting the gravity observation data of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Xizang (Qingzang) block. The result shows that the gravity observation data of the northeastern edge of Qingzang block obtained by using the uniform starting datum can completely reflect the precursory gravity information appearing during the seismogenic process. In the genesis stage of an earthquake, regional gravity anomaly appears in a large area, resulting in related local gravity anomaly. The dynamic image of gravity field can clearly reflect the orderly evolution and earthquake activity. Foundation item: Key Project of China Earthquake Administration during the tenth Five-year Plan (100501-05-05).  相似文献   

用Visual Basic编制宗地图绘制程序     

刘淑香 《测绘与空间地理信息》2003,26(2):22-23

对宗地图绘制程序的开发过程进行了阐述,并介绍了其应用实例。  相似文献