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21.
The chamber geometry is one of the key factors that influences the performance of a cone crusher. The design of the chamber geometry should take product quality and crushing efficiency into account. In this paper the kinematics of rock material in a crushing chamber, as interparticle breakage occurs, has been analyzed and the chamber division is achieved. Based on the chamber division and a population balance model, the method for chamber geometry design is presented. Combining the empirical model for predicting particle shape with the size distribution model, a flakiness prediction model is proposed. With the size reduction model and flakiness prediction model as constraints, an optimization of the crushing chamber is achieved. Finally, the validity of the crushing chamber optimization model has been verified by an appropriate prototype test. 相似文献
22.
Liquid moment amplitude assessment in sloshing type problems with smooth particle hydrodynamics 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A. Souto-Iglesias L. Delorme L. Prez-Rojas S. Abril-Prez 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(11-12):1462-1484
Sloshing moment amplitudes in a rectangular tank for a wide range of rolling frequencies are investigated both experimentally and numerically. In a previous paper, Souto et al. [2004. Simulation of anti-roll tanks and sloshing type problems with smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Ocean Eng. 31 (8–9), 1169–1192] numerical results obtained with a 3-D Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation were presented. These only corresponded to the phase lag between the tank motion and the liquid response moment. This paper is aimed at improving those results by obtaining accurate values for the moment amplitudes. We present the corrections with respect to the aforementioned implementation that focus on the time integration scheme and on the treatment of the boundary conditions. In addition better quality experimental results are presented. 相似文献
23.
大地电磁观测数据中的相位超象限现象可以由不同的电性结构产生.本文在已实现大地电磁三维任意各向异性有限差分正演的基础上,以具有上下结构关系的三维各向异性模型为例,分析各向异性体的规模以及参数变化对阻抗相位的影响.在下部各向异性体规模明显大于上部各向异性体或表现为层状特征的情况下,上部各向异性体在两个水平方向上的尺度差异较大,可以看作准二维体时容易发生相位超象限;当上部各向异性体在两个水平方向上尺度相近表现为规则三维体时,要产生相位超象限的现象则需要各向异性体具有更高的各向异性比.在同等条件下,增加各向异性体的各向异性比更容易发生相位超象限;而各向异性走向方位角的变化将直接影响到发生相位超象限的范围.对于准二维模型引起相位超象限的条件,沿用二维模型的近似解析分析方法,进一步构建了基于各向异性体的电导率、背景电导率以及各向异性走向角的相位超象限指标函数,从而更加直观地解释在二维或准二维条件下发生相位超象限现象的模型参数特征. 相似文献
24.
George Chimonas 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,94(1):89-113
Cloud bands observed over the Arctic sea ice are interpreted in terms of long-wavelength gravity-wave modes trapped between the ground and a vertically-thin over-reflecting layer in the mid-troposphere. The over-reflecting layer is neutrally-stratified and lies between the counter-streaming upper troposphere and lower troposphere in a strong high-pressure system. The Arctic cloud bands appear to share many features with the long-wavelength roll waves observed in more temperate latitudes. 相似文献
25.
The present paper describes a mathematical model in which the fluid motion inside a U-tank is nonlinearly coupled to the heave, roll and pitch motions of the ship. The main purpose of the investigation is centred on the control of roll motion in the case of parametric resonance in longitudinal waves. A transom stern small vessel, known to be quite prone to parametric amplification, is employed in the study. Four tank designs are employed in order to study the influence of tank mass, tank natural frequency and tank internal damping on the control of parametric rolling at different head seas conditions. Additionally, the influence of the vertical position of the tank is also investigated. The main results are presented in the form of limits of stability, with encounter frequency and wave amplitudes as parameters. Distinct dynamical characteristics are discussed and conclusions are drawn on the relevant parameters for the efficient control of the roll amplifications in head seas. 相似文献
26.
The very purpose of attaching fins to the hull is to reduce the roll motions of a ship. Roll minimization is a requisite for various operations in the seas. The presence of fin system provides enhanced state of stabilization especially when the vessel is performing a fast maneuvering amidst rough environmental disturbance. The fins in turn are activated by electro-hydraulic mechanism based on the in-built intelligence as per control theory like proportional–integral–derivative (PID) or fuzzy logic. As per this paper, fin system is activated using PID control algorithm. A frigate-type warship is considered for the demonstration purpose. Nonlinear roll motions are controlled using active fins. Lift characteristics of the fins in hydrodynamic flow were studied using CFD package fluent.Good amount of reduction in roll amplitude is achieved from various simulations in random sea. The approach can be used for any irregular sea conditions. 相似文献
27.
The roll damping characteristics of three models of a 3-ton class fishing vessel representing the bare hull, hull with bilge keels, and hull with bilge keels and a central wing are investigated by the free roll decay tests in calm water and also in uniform head waves in a towing tank. Speed and roll initial angle and OG (distance between the centers of gravity and roll) are varied to check their dependence on roll damping. The experimental results are compared with the numerical results of mathematical modeling by the energy method and the energy dissipation patterns are also compared for these three models. The bilge keel contributes significantly to the increment of the roll damping for zero speed but as speed increases, the lift generated by the central wing contributes significantly to the roll damping increase. In addition, it is shown that the roll damping is more or less influenced by the regular head waves. 相似文献
28.
Influence of non-linearities on the limits of stability of ships rolling in head seas 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The present paper describes an investigation on parametric resonance in head seas in which a new third-order coupled mathematical model is considered. The restored modes of heave, roll and pitch are contemplated. The discussion is illustrated for the case of a transom stern fishing vessel at different speeds. It is pointed out that numerical simulations employing the new model are successfully compared to experimental results previously obtained for the vessel.Considering that analyticity is an important tool when handling complex stability issues, some theoretical dynamic characteristics of the equations are discussed. By means of the analysis of the coupled linear variational equation derived from an extended third-order model, the appearance of super-harmonics and increased rigidity proportional to wave amplitude squared due to third-order terms is demonstrated.In the present paper, an important tool is explored, that is the analysis of the limits of stability obtained from the new model. Limits of stability are a well-known and practical way of looking into the problem of parametric resonance. New limits of stability are derived and compared to the more conventional Strut diagram. Dynamic characteristics associated with the new limits of stability are discussed. The influence of different parameters is investigated, including vessel speed, damping and tuning. Consistent and revealing results are obtained through the analysis of the new limits of stability for different speeds and damping. 相似文献
29.
High latitude air–sea interaction is an important component of the earth’s climate system and the exchanges of mass and energy over the sea-ice zone are complicated processes that, at present, are not well understood. In this paper, we perform a series of numerical experiments to examine the effect of sea-ice concentration on the development of high latitude boundary-layer roll clouds. The experiments are performed at sufficiently high spatial resolution to be able to resolve the individual convective roll clouds, and over a large enough domain to be able to examine the roll’s downstream development. Furthermore the high spatial resolution of the experiments allows for an explicit representation of heterogeneity within the sea-ice zone. The results show that the sea-ice zone has a significant impact on the atmospheric boundary-layer development, which can be seen in both the evolution of the cloud field and the development of heat and moisture transfer patterns. In particular, we find the air-sea exchanges of momentum, moisture and heat fluxes are modified by the presence of the roll vortices (typically a 10% difference in surface heat fluxes between updrafts and downdrafts) and by the concentration and spatial distribution of the sea-ice. This suggests that a more realistic representation of processes over the sea-ice zone is needed to properly calculate the air-sea energy and mass exchange budgets. 相似文献
30.
The dynamics of a damaged ship in waves is a complex phenomenon regarding fluid and structure interactions. Flooded water motions in the damaged compartment could be influenced by decks, obstructions and obstacles in the compartment. This becomes particularly relevant in case of flooding in the engine room that is usually characterized by the presence of large objects such as engines and machineries. In such cases the possibility to better understand the behavior of a damaged ship, influenced by the fluid and structure interactions, could provide novel outcomes and thus enhance the damaged ship safety.In this paper an experimental campaign is conducted on a passenger ferry hull. The effects of obstacles in the engine room compartment, such as decks and engines, on ship roll responses, are studied. Roll decay in still water and steady roll responses in beam regular waves at zero speed are measured for the empty compartment and for the compartment with obstructions, as defined above.The main outcomes from the conducted experiments disclose a mitigation of the resonant behavior of the coupled system, ship with damaged compartment, by having engine shapes occupying the flooded engine room. Moreover it is possible to observe how the resonant frequency of the ship modifies having a more realistic arrangement of damaged compartment and how motion RAOs and roll decay characteristics modify accordingly. 相似文献