Deglaciation and catchment ontogeny in coastal south‐west Greenland: implications for terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling     

Melanie J. Leng  Bernd Wagner  N. John Anderson  Ole Bennike  Ewan Woodley  Simon J. Kemp 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(6):575-584

Here we present Holocene organic carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, carbon isotope ratio and macrofossil data from a small freshwater lake near Sisimiut in south‐west Greenland. The lake was formed c. 11 cal ka BP following retreat of the ice sheet margin and is located above the marine limit in this area. The elemental and isotope data suggest a complex deglaciation history of interactions between the lake and its catchment, reflecting glacial retreat and post‐glacial hydrological flushing probably due to periodic melting of local remnant glacial ice and firn areas between 11 and 8.5 cal ka BP. After 8.5 cal ka BP, soil development and associated vegetation processes began to exert a greater control on terrestrial–aquatic carbon cycling. By 5.5 cal ka BP, in the early Neoglacial cooling, the sediment record indicates a change in catchment–lake interactions with consistent δ¹³C while C/N exhibits greater variability. The period after 5.5 cal ka BP is also characterized by higher organic C accumulation in the lake. These changes (total organic carbon, C/N, δ¹³C) are most likely the result of increasing contribution (and burial) of terrestrial organic matter as a result of enhanced soil instability, as indicated by an increase in Cenococcum remains, but also Sphagnum and Empetrum. The impact of glacial retreat and relatively subdued mid‐ to late Holocene climate variation at the coast is in marked contrast to the greater environmental variability seen in inland lakes closer to the present‐day ice sheet margin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Holocene changes in precipitation seasonality in the western Mediterranean Basin: a multi‐species approach using δ13C of archaeobotanical remains     

M. Aguilera  J. P. Ferrio  G. Pérez  J. L. Araus  J. Voltas 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(2):192-202

Precipitation has been of utmost importance in shaping the evolution of landscapes and human settlements in the Mediterranean. However, information on seasonal precipitation patterns through the Holocene is scarce. This study attempts to quantify the evolution of seasonal precipitation in the East Iberian Peninsula (5000 BC to AD 600) based on the carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of archaeobotanical remains. Data on Holm oak, Aleppo pine and small‐grain cereals were combined, and precipitation was inferred from models relating present‐day records to the δ¹³C of modern samples. Subsequently, charred grains were used as a proxy for ancient moisture during April–May, whereas oak and pine charcoals provided complementary rainfall estimates for September–December and January–August, respectively. The results reveal aridity changes throughout the Holocene in the western Mediterranean. Past spring–summer precipitation was consistently higher than at present. In contrast, autumn and early winter precipitation showed stronger fluctuations, particularly during the first millennium BC, and often exhibited values below those of the present. The high contribution of autumn precipitation to the annual water budget, typical of the present Mediterranean climate, was definitively established at the beginning of the current era. This study shows how a combination of species holding complementary environmental signals can contribute to a wider knowledge of local precipitation dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Use of stable water isotopes to assess sources and influences of slope groundwater on slope failure     

Tsung‐Ren Peng  Chung‐Ho Wang  Shih‐Meng Hsu  Nai‐Chin Chen  Tai‐Wei Su  Jiin‐Fa Lee 《水文研究》2012,26(3):345-355

This study employs stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes as natural tracers to assess the headwater of a landslide next to a drainage divide and the importance of the slope's headwater in the study area. The study is undertaken near Wu‐She Township in the mountains of central Taiwan. Because a reservoir is located on the other side of the divide, this study evaluates the relationship between the reservoir water and headwater of the landslide as well. Over a 1‐year period, water samples from September 2008 to September 2009, including local precipitation (LP), Wu‐She Reservoir's water (WSRW), slope groundwater (SGW), upper‐reach stream water (USTW), and down‐reach stream water (DSTW), were analysed for deuterium (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) stable isotopes. Results indicate that WSRW is the predominant component in SGW: approximately 70% of SGW originates from WSRW and 30% from LP based on a two end‐member mass‐balance mixing model for δ¹⁸O. The similar two end‐member mixing model is also employed to assess the contributions of USTW and SGW to DSTW. Model results indicate that SGW is the major source of DSTW with a contribution of about 67%. Accordingly, about 47% of DSTW sources from the WSRW. In short, owing to reservoir leakage, WSRW contributes the greater part of both SGW and DSTW. Plentiful WSRW in SGW threatens the stability of the slope in the divide area. To avoid subsequent continuous slope failure, necessary mitigation steps are required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

甘肃敦煌小独山西钨矿床成矿流体特征及来源分析     

张鸣远  刘战庆  崔丰智  李瑞霜  席昊  陈玉峰  陶超群  岑炬标 《矿床地质》2022,41(3):611-622

甘肃敦煌小独山西石英脉型钨矿床位于北山成矿带柳园-俞井子裂谷带西段,经过详查和勘探工作,发现其资源量已达大型钨矿床规模。文章在野外详细观测和系统采样的基础上,对不同成矿阶段的样品使用岩相学、激光拉曼光谱、显微测温和碳、氢-氧同位素测试等方法,对矿脉中流体包裹体进行了综合研究。结果显示,该矿床矿脉中主要发育有气-液两相（Ⅰ型）和含液相CO₂三相（Ⅱ型） 2类包裹体。其中,Ⅰ阶段流体呈中高温、中盐度特征,主成矿（Ⅱ）阶段呈中高温、中低盐度特征,Ⅲ阶段呈低温,低盐度特征,均一温度与盐度呈现出正相关关系。包裹体的δD和δ¹⁸O值范围分别为-98.3‰~-76.4‰和0.8‰~5.4‰,呈岩浆水与大气降水相混合的特征;方解石中流体的δ¹³C值为-0.26‰~-0.73‰,δ¹⁸O值为-1.26‰~-3.73‰,显示C可能来源于海相碳酸盐岩,在后期演化过程中与大气降水发生了氧同位素交换作用。成矿早期与主成矿期均受到了大气降水的影响,该矿床发生了明显的流体混合作用是该地区成矿的主要因素。  相似文献   

黔西北乐开铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因:来自硫、铅同位素的证据     

肖宪国  李波  何志威  王景腾  魏庆喜  万新 《矿床地质》2022,41(4):806-822

赋存于泥盆系望城坡组白云岩中的乐开铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区,主要发育似层状矿体,具有典型的“逆(逆断裂)导-张(张断裂)运-岩(受断裂影响的碳酸盐岩破碎空间被碳质黏土岩圈闭形成的有利岩性组合)储”构造控矿模式。矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,发育(网)脉状、角砾状、浸染状等构造与交代、充填、共边等结构,后生成矿特征明显。硫化物δ³⁴S值为11.1‰~18.1‰(均值约14.7‰),明显高于幔源岩浆硫的δ³⁴S值,与泥盆纪同期海水硫酸盐的δ³⁴S值相近,显示硫化物中的还原硫可能是赋矿地层中的高溶解度硫酸盐热化学反应(TSR)的产物。硫化物铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为18.400‰~18.767‰(均值为18.565‰);²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.660‰~16.058‰(均值为15.791‰);²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为38.580‰~39.432‰(均值为39.059‰),变化范围相对较大。铅同位素的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解与△γ-△β图解显示明显的壳源特征,同时暗示沉积岩石与基底岩石共同提供了成矿物质。综合矿床地质、硫化物硫、铅同位素特征,笔者认为乐开铅锌矿床的成矿过程为盆地流体循环萃取沉积岩石与基底岩石的金属元素后形成含矿流体,含矿流体被深大断裂导入上覆沉积地层的特殊构造部位(被碳质黏土岩圈闭的碳酸盐岩破碎空间)时,富含的热量导致沉积盖层中硫酸盐发生热化学反应(TSR),生成大量的S^2-,与含矿流体中的Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺等金属阳离子结合成矿。乐开铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征与MVT型矿床类似,因此,乐开铅锌矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。成矿物质来源与矿床类型的确定有利于川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区同类型铅锌矿床的勘查与开发。  相似文献   

南秦岭关子沟铅锌矿床成因：流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据     

吴欢欢  黄河  高永宝  魏立勇  李志丹  张振  范堡程  孟五一  李国英 《矿床地质》2022,41(6):1200-1216

陕西旬阳盆地南缘是南秦岭中部重要的铅锌成矿带,带内发育一大批赋存在志留系中的铅锌矿床。为了进一步厘清区域内铅锌成矿的物质来源和成因机制,文章选取区内典型的关子沟铅锌矿床开展流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素研究。关子沟铅锌矿体主要以层状、似层状赋存于双河镇组二段和三段千枚岩地层中,根据矿物组构和穿插关系,将成矿过程划分为3个阶段：石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ阶段）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ阶段）和石英-碳酸盐（Ⅲ阶段）。其中,Ⅱ阶段原生流体包裹体均一温度为215~393℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.2‰~10.1‰; Ⅲ阶段均一温度为124~255℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.8‰~6.6‰,具有中高温、中低盐度的成矿流体特征。石英H-O同位素结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值为6‰~10.9‰,δD值为-82.9‰~-73.6‰）显示成矿流体主要为海水和有机水,伴有大气降水的混合。原位S同位素显示硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为4.63‰~8.73‰,暗示主要硫化物的S源于海相硫酸盐的热化学还原,志留系黑色岩系中的有机质提供了还原剂。矿石硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.8254~17.9470,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.6233~15.6396,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.1706~38.3143,指示Pb主要源于沉积盖层。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及H、O、S、Pb同位素特征,认为关子沟矿床为热水沉积成因,志留系裂陷盆地内热水沉积作用控制着铅锌成矿过程。  相似文献   

Carbonate tufas as archives of climate and sedimentary dynamic in volcanic settings,examples from Gran Canaria (Spain)     

lvaro Rodríguez-Berriguete  Jon Camuera  Ana Maria Alonso-Zarza 《Sedimentology》2022,69(1):199-218

Three Holocene tufas from Gran Canaria volcanic island were studied with the aim of deciphering their sedimentary evolution through space and time. Las Temisas tufa (south-eastern arid part of the island) is dominantly composed of oncoids, intraclasts, phytoclasts, coated stems, minor thin stromatolites, and a high amount of siliciclastics. It was deposited in a fluvial system with variable flow velocities and palustrine conditions areas, which alternated with high energy events. Azuaje tufa (northern humid part of the island) is composed of coated stems, stromatolites, oncoids and phytoclasts, with relatively low amounts of siliciclastics, suggesting slow-flowing and palustrine conditions and a relatively low incidence of (high energy) floodings. Los Berrazales tufa (north-west of Gran Ganaria, the most humid one), is mainly composed of coated stems and crystalline crusts, formed in a laminar flow regime. Dominant clastic sedimentation in Las Temisas and high calcite growth rates in Los Berrazales led to a poor development of stromatolites in comparison with Azuaje. Las Temisas and Azuaje deposits have similar upward evolution with decreasing trend in siliciclastics and increasing trend in carbonates. However, Las Temisas has higher siliciclastic and lower phytoclastic contents suggesting a less vegetated area and more arid climate than in the other deposits. Additionally, tufas record local events common in volcanic terrains. Azuaje presents three units bounded by erosive discontinuities, which reveal significant erosion by enhanced runoff that could be caused by loss of vegetation due to wildfires related to volcanic eruptions at headwaters. Las Temisas record a possible interruption in sedimentation represented by aligned boulders due to rockfalls from the hillsides. These deposits formed from waters with similar chemistry providing to the carbonates their similar signals in δ¹³C–δ¹⁸O stable isotopes and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios like that of the volcanic rocks. This work shows how, in volcanic areas, tufas are unique archives of the climate, vegetation and volcanic-related processes, because all imprint the sedimentary regime of tufa deposition.  相似文献   

海底地下水排泄对海洋锶储库的影响     

王一清  吴自军 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022020008-2022020008

海底地下水排泄（submarine groundwater discharge,SGD）不仅是全球水循环的重要组成部分,也是各种溶解化学物质由陆向海输送的重要而隐蔽通道。本文在分析全球海洋锶来源的基础上,综述了多种岩性含水层条件下SGD锶的地球化学行为及其控制因素,并利用已有的SGD通量和高分辨率全球岩性数据,计算出更为保守和精确的SGD锶通量及同位素组成,确认了SGD是海洋贫放射成因锶的重要来源之一,起到平衡河流输入的富放射成因锶的作用。  相似文献   

大别山地区鸡公山岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义     

唐相伟  杨泽强  周雷强  许德忠  郭跃闪  种凯琳 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(6):1047-1060

鸡公山花岗岩是桐柏-大别山造山带的一处重要岩基。为探讨鸡公山花岗岩的岩石成因和动力学背景,指导区域找矿,对鸡公山岩体开展了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,岩体具准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列;副矿物有少量角闪石,为分异I型花岗岩。锆石U-Pb定年测得岩体年龄值为141.8±0.8 Ma(n=26, MSWD=1.15),表明鸡公山岩体形成于早白垩世。全岩Sr同位素(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i为0.707 75～0.708 18,εNd(t)值为-19.21～ -17.63,两阶段模式年龄为2.49~2.36 Ga。锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.281 845～0.282 083,εHf(t)为-29.67～-21.31,两阶段模式年龄为3.07～2.54 Ga。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征暗示形成鸡公山岩体的岩浆可能是扬子板块中下地壳新太古代大别表壳岩物质重熔形成。岩体具较高的(La/Yb)_N、Sr/Y值,铕负异常不明显,与大别山埃达克型花岗岩特征类似,形成于构造伸展机制下,为尚未发生拆沉的加厚下地壳部分熔融产物。鸡公山岩体可能是岩体内伟晶岩脉的母体花岗岩。  相似文献   

铬同位素在高温岩浆过程中的研究进展     

史凯  徐丽娟  苏煜雯  刘春阳  马海波  刘盛遨 《地学前缘》2022,29(1):364-376

铬(Cr)属于氧化还原敏感元素,在岩浆过程中是一种中度相容和轻度亲铁元素。Cr在硅酸盐地球中主要有三种价态:Cr²⁺、Cr³⁺和Cr⁶⁺。Cr存在于不同来源的矿物和岩石中,其氧化还原状态和同位素组成可以为其成因、氧化还原条件和相关成矿历史提供有价值的信息。近年来,铬同位素越来越多地应用到现代环境、古环境、行星的演化以及高温地质过程等领域中,而高温地质过程中储库的铬同位素及其分馏机理研究是其他工作的基础。尤其是随着质谱技术的发展,Cr同位素在高温环境中的分馏机制及行为也引起了更多的关注。本文主要介绍不同储库的Cr同位素组成及高温岩浆过程中Cr同位素研究的最新进展。  相似文献