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11.
A wide variety of geological data and geological observations by numerous geoscientists do not support a two-stage crater excavation and in-fill model, or a champagne glass-shaped geometry for the 169 or 140/141 kimberlite bodies in the Fort à la Corne kimberlite field, Saskatchewan as described by Berryman, A., Scott Smith, B.H., Jellicoe, B., (2004). Rather, these kimberlite bodies are best described as polygenetic kimberlite tephra cones and tuff rings with associated feeder vents of variable geometry as shown by previous workers for the 169 kimberlite, the 140/141 kimberlite and the Star kimberlite. The domal tephra cone geometry is preserved due to burial by conformable Cretaceous marine mudstones and siltstones and is not an artifact of Quaternary glacial processes. 相似文献
12.
本文扼要介绍了加拿大萨斯喀彻温省北部比弗洛支地区脉型 (veintype)和阿萨巴斯卡盆地中与不整合面有关的 (Unconformity associated)铀资源概况 ;比较系统地阐述了两类铀矿化成矿作用的共同特征 ,指出控矿的核心因素是热点活动与构造作用的叠加。这从本质上与我国华南铀矿富集区的控矿因素是相似的。因此 ,通过两个铀矿富集区的对比 ,认识铀成矿作用的本质 ,拓宽找矿思路 ,对于探索寻找新成矿区和新类型铀矿具有一定的启发意义。 相似文献
13.
加拿大萨斯喀彻温省的金矿主要分为4种类型:层控型金矿、浅层热液金(银-贱金属)低硫化亚型金矿、钙碱性斑岩Cu-Mo-Au-W型金矿、构造控制中温脉型金矿。主要从地质环境和矿床特征的角度对各类型矿床进行描述,并列举各类型金矿的实例。 相似文献
14.
Frits Agterberg 《Mathematical Geology》2007,39(1):1-25
This paper is concerned with the lognormal, and its logbinomial approximation, in connection with a three-parameter version
of the model of de Wijs. The three parameters are: overall average element concentration value (ξ), dispersion index (d), and apparent number of subdivisions of the environment (N). Multifractal theory produces new methods for estimating the parameters of this model. In practical applications, the frequency
distribution of element concentration values for small rock samples is related to self-similar spatial variability patterns
of the element in large regions or segments of the Earth's crust. The approach is illustrated by application to spatial variability
of gold and arsenic in glacial till samples from southern Saskatchewan. It is shown that for these two elements the model
of de Wijs is satisfied on a regional scale but degree of dispersion decreases rapidly toward the local, sample-size scale.
Thus the apparent number of subdivisions (N) is considerably less than would be expected if degree of dispersion were to extend from regional to local scale. A random-cut
variant of the model of de Wijs produces an empirical frequency distribution of relative element concentration values that
can be related to random dispersion index 相似文献
15.
Compared to earlier representatives of the family, pachycephalosaurids are less well known from upper Maastrichtian deposits around the world. Here, we report on a nearly complete left postorbital attributable to the pachycephalosaurid Sphaerotholus cf. Sphaerotholus buchholtzae from the upper Maastrichtian Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan. This marks a probable northern range extension for the species into Canada, and the first occurrence of a pachycephalosaurid from this formation. We further demonstrate the taxonomic distinction between Stegoceras edmontonense and S. buchholtzae, which has been debated, based on postorbital sutural proportions. The northerly occurrence of Sphaerotholus cf. S. buchholtzae is consistent with the hypothesis of low beta diversity during the late Maastrichtian of North America, and its high stratigraphic incidence documents the persistence of non-pachycephalosaurin pachycephalosaurines in a critical interval for understanding the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event. 相似文献
16.
A Holocene paleosalinity diatom record from southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada: Harris Lake revisited
Fossil diatoms were analysed from a 10.3 m core from Harris Lake, Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, and a diatom-salinity transfer function was used to construct a history of Holocene salinity changes for the lake. The diatom paleosalinity record indicates that Harris Lake remained fresh <0.5 g l-1 throughout the Holocene, with only slight increases in salinity between approximately 6500 and 5200 years BP. This interval corresponds to the only period in the lake's history when planktonic diatoms were abundant; benthic Fragilaria taxa, mainly F. pinnata, F. construens and F. brevistriata were dominant throughout most of the Holocene. The shift from a benthic to a planktonic diatom flora between 6500 and 5200 years BP may be an indirect response to a warmer climate that reduced forest cover in the watershed and allowed greater rates of inorganic sedimentation. The small salinity increase that accompanies the floristic change is probably not the result of lower lake levels; in fact the lake was probably deeper at this point than in the later Holocene. This paleosalinity record indicates that Harris Lake did not experience episodes of hypersalinity during the mid-Holocene, as suggested by a previous study, and that the lake may have been fresh during the early Holocene as well. 相似文献
17.
18.
Formation of eclogite, and reaction during exhumation to mid-crustal levels, Snowbird tectonic zone, western Canadian Shield 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
J. A. BALDWIN R. POWELL M. L. WILLIAMS P. GONCALVES 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2007,25(9):953-974
A re‐evaluation of the P–T history of eclogite within the East Athabasca granulite terrane of the Snowbird tectonic zone, northern Saskatchewan, Canada was undertaken. Using calculated pseudosections in combination with new garnet–clinopyroxene and zircon and rutile trace element thermometry, peak metamorphic conditions are constrained to ～16 kbar and 750 °C, followed by near‐isothermal decompression to ～10 kbar. Associated with the eclogite are two types of occurrences of sapphirine‐bearing rocks preserving a rich variety of reaction textures that allow examination of the retrograde history below 10 kbar. The first occurs as a 1–2 m zone adjacent to the eclogite body with a peak assemblage of garnet–kyanite–quartz interpreted to have formed during the eclogite facies metamorphism. Rims of orthopyroxene and plagioclase developed around garnet, and sapphirine–plagioclase and spinel–plagioclase symplectites developed around kyanite. The second variety of sapphirine‐bearing rocks occurs in kyanite veins within the eclogite. The veins involve orthopyroxene, garnet and plagioclase layers spatially organized around a central kyanite layer that are interpreted to have formed following the eclogite facies metamorphism. The layering has itself been modified, with, in particular, kyanite being replaced by sapphirine–plagioclase, spinel–plagioclase and corundum–plagioclase symplectites, as well as the kyanite being replaced by sillimanite. Petrological modelling in the CFMAS system examining chemical potential gradients between kyanite and surrounding quartz indicates that these vein textures probably formed during further essentially isothermal decompression, ultimately reaching ～7 kbar and 750 °C. These results indicate that the final reaction in these rocks occurred at mid‐crustal levels at upper amphibolite facies conditions. Previous geochronological and thermochronological constraints bracket the time interval of decompression to <5–10 Myr, indicating that ～25 km of exhumation took place during this interval. This corresponds to minimum unroofing rates of ～2–5 mm year?1 following eclogite facies metamorphism, after which the rocks resided at mid‐crustal levels for 80–100 Myr. 相似文献
19.
The sedimentology and alluvial architecture of the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
G. H. SAMBROOK SMITH P. J. ASHWORTH† J. L. BEST‡ J. WOODWARD§ C. J. SIMPSON¶ 《Sedimentology》2006,53(2):413-434
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of unit and compound braid bars in the sandy South Saskatchewan River, Canada, are used to test the influential facies model for sandy braided alluvium presented by Cant & Walker (1978) . Four main radar facies are identified: (1) high‐angle (up to angle‐of‐repose) inclined reflections, interpreted as having formed at the margins of migrating bars; (2) discontinuous undular and/or trough‐shaped reflections, interpreted as cross‐strata associated with the migration of sinuous‐crested dunes; (3) low‐angle (< 6°) reflections, interpreted as formed by low‐amplitude dunes or unit bars as they migrate onto bar surfaces; and (4) reflections of variable dip bounded by a concave reflection, interpreted as being formed by the filling of channel scours, cross‐bar channels or depressions on the bar surface. The predominant vertical arrangement of facies is discontinuous trough‐shaped reflections at the channel base overlain by discontinuous undular reflections, overlain by low‐angle reflections that dominate the deposits near the bar surface. High‐angle inclined reflections are only found near the surface of unit bars, and are of relatively small‐scale (< 0·5 m), but can be found at a greater range of depths within compound bars. The GPR data show that a high spatial variability exists in the distribution of facies between different compound bars, with facies variability within a single bar being as pronounced as that between bars. Compound bars evolve as an amalgamation of unit bars and other compound bars, and comprise a facies distribution that is representative of the main bar types in the South Saskatchewan River. The GPR data are compared with the original model of Cant & Walker (1978) and reveal a much greater variability in the scale, proportion and distribution of facies than that presented by Cant & Walker (1978) . Most notably, high‐angle inclined strata are over‐represented in the model of Cant and Walker, with many bars being dominated by the deposits of low‐ and high‐amplitude dunes. It is suggested that further GPR studies from a range of braided river types are required to properly quantify the full range of deposits. Only by moving away from traditional, highly generalized facies models can a greater understanding of braided river deposits and their controls be established. 相似文献
20.
Harris Lake, a small, groundwater fed lake in the Cypress Hills area of Saskatchewan, is one of the few lacustrine basins in the Great Plains that contains a complete, uninterrupted record of Holocene sedimentation. The lithostratigraphy and variation in the mineralogical composition of the sediments in this basin provide insight into the paleolimnology and paleohydrology of the lake and surrounding watershed. Although there is no evidence that the basin was dry for extended periods during the Holocene, the lake did experience numerous short-lived episodes of high salinity, as well as significant changes in solute composition during the early to mid-Holocene. An abrupt change, from a lake dominated by detrital sediments to one characterized almost entirely by endogenic deposition, occurred about 4000 years ago in response to the combined influence of forestation of the watershed and diversion of major fluvial and detrital influx by landsliding. These adjustments to the Harris Lake drainage basin were likely the result of the onset of cooler and wetter climatic conditions after 4500 B.P. During the late Holocene, slope failure continued to sporadically provide fresh clastic material to the otherwise endogenic-sediment dominated lake. 相似文献