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31.
Basal shear stress and sediment strength associated with the development of glacial flutes exposed during the 20th century in the Saskatchewan Glacier Valley Alberta, Canada, were determined by comparing reconstructed ice thicknesses, basal shear stresses, and field properties of sediments with the morphologically similar Kiwa Glacier Valley, British Columbia, Canada, where flutes are absent. Reconstructed subglacial conditions in these two valleys were compared to understand why flutes were developed in the former and not the latter. Using an existing topographic map of each glacier, equations for a series of longitudinal profile lines were determined to represent the existing ice surface. A previous ice surface, identified by trimlines along the valley walls, was reconstructed by applying the equations of longitudinal profile lines from the existing ice surface to a previous terminus between 5 and 10 km downvalley. After subtracting the elevation of the land surface (determined from topographic maps) from the reconstructed glacier surface, and calculating former ice surface slope, ice thickness and basal shear stress distributions were determined. Sediment texture and the location of flutes on a morainal topographic high, downglacier from a proglacial lake basin, allowed high porewater pressures to develop as glaciers extended to terminus positions in the Saskatchewan Glacier Valley. Sediment strength was reduced sufficiently below values of reconstructed shear stress plots to allow deformation creating flutes. The absence of a similar topographic high and different sediment textural characteristics in the Kiwa Glacier Valley resulted in lower porewater pressures and consequently less reduction in sediment strength preventing the development of glacial flutes despite higher shear stress values here. Results indicate that the degree to which sediment characteristics and porewater pressure allow reduction of subglacial sediment strength relative to basal shear stress is important in determining conditions when flutes may develop. 相似文献
32.
加拿大萨斯喀彻温省索西(Southey)钾盐矿床特征及成因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
加拿大萨斯喀彻温省索西(Southey)钾盐矿床,主要赋存于中泥盆统的Elk Point(埃尔克波因特)群上部Prairie Evaporite(草原蒸发岩)组。钾盐矿层稳定,似水平状展布,埋深约1250~1550 m;钾盐矿物主要有钾石盐(KCl)和光卤石(KCl·Mg Cl2·6H2O),矿石品位高,w(K2O)可达11.17%~21.85%,是世界少有的高品质钾盐矿床。文章分别从构造位置、古地理条件、物源补给、沉积韵律和成矿过程等多个方面综合分析了索西钾盐矿床的成因。 相似文献