Structural imprints at the front of the Chocó-Panamá indenter: Field data from the North Cauca Valley Basin, Central Colombia     

F. Suter  M. Sartori  R. Neuwerth  G. Gorin   《Tectonophysics》2008,460(1-4):134-157

The northern Andes are a complex area where tectonics is dominated by the interaction between three major plates and accessory blocks, in particular, the Chocó-Panamá and Northern Andes Blocks. The studied Cauca Valley Basin is located at the front of the Chocó-Panamá Indenter, where the major Romeral Fault System, active since the Cretaceous, changes its kinematics from right-lateral in the south to left-lateral in the north. Structural studies were performed at various scales: DEM observations in the Central Cordillera between 4 and 5.7°N, aerial photograph analyses, and field work in the folded Oligo-Miocene rocks of the Serranía de Santa Barbara and in the flat-lying, Pleistocene Quindío-Risaralda volcaniclastic sediments interfingering with the lacustrine to fluviatile sediments of the Zarzal Formation.The data acquired allowed the detection of structures with a similar orientation at every scale and in all lithologies. These families of structures are arranged similarly to Riedel shears in a right-lateral shear zone and are superimposed on the Cretaceous Romeral suture.They appear in the Central Cordillera north of 4.5°N, and define a broad zone where 060-oriented right-lateral distributed shear strain affects the continental crust. The Romeral Fault System stays active and strain partitioning occurs among both systems. The southern limit of the distributed shear strain affecting the Central Cordillera corresponds to the E–W trending Garrapatas–Ibagué shear zone, constituted by several right-stepping, en-échelon, right-lateral, active faults and some lineaments. North of this shear zone, the Romeral Fault System strike changes from NNE to N.Paleostress calculations gave a WNW–ESE trending, maximum horizontal stress, and 69% of compressive tensors. The orientation of σ1 is consistent with the orientation of the right-lateral distributed shear strain and the compressive state characterizing the Romeral Fault System in the area: it bisects the synthetic and antithetic Riedels and is (sub)-perpendicular to the active Romeral Fault System.It is proposed that the continued movement of the Chocó–Panamá Indenter may be responsible for the 060-oriented right-lateral distributed shear strain, and may have closed the northern part of the Cauca Valley, thereby forming the Cauca Valley Basin.Conjugate extensional faults observed at surface in the flat-lying sediments of the Zarzal Formation and Quindío-Risaralda volcaniclastic Fan are associatedwith soft-sediment deformations. These faults are attributed to lateral spreading of the superficial layers during earthquakes and testify to the continuous tectonic activity from Pleistocene to Present.Finally, results presented here bring newinformation about the understanding of the seismic hazard in this area: whereas the Romeral Fault Systemwas so far thought to be themost likely source of earthquakes, themore recent cross-cutting fault systems described herein are another potential hazard to be considered.  相似文献   

皖南浅变质岩区的构造演化及矿产分布规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张国斌  吕绍远 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(4)

皖南浅变质岩地区由四个不同构造单元拼合而成。中元古早期皖南为一古岛弧;约1000Ma前,华南板块沿江山-绍兴一带俯冲,是岛弧向扬子板块增生;约900Ma前左右,皖南沿祁门-三阳坑一带产生弧后扩张盆地;而850Ma前,华夏古陆沿江山-绍兴一带与扬子板块对接拼合,弧后盆地被动俯冲结束,标志增生的完成,同时深部发生重熔,形成初生陆壳改造型(S型)花岗岩类侵入体,如休宁、许村、歙县等岩体;约780Ma,华南洋壳的俯冲使洋盆逐渐缩小,华南板块和扬子板块发生碰撞,以至祁门-三阳海盆关闭,形成祁门-三阳坑陆壳碰撞地缝合线。这时期的碰撞挤压,使初生陆壳重熔形成板内改造型灵山、莲花山和白际山侵入岩体,最终形成白际岭火山岩推覆席,标志皖南构造格局形成。这些构造演化既奠定了本区的构造格局,又控制着该区的矿产分布。本区主要矿种的成矿期为晋宁期和燕山期,中生代的成矿作用是在晋宁期变质基底上局部演化的结果,即中生代的矿产分布仍反映了基底格局对区域成矿的控制。  相似文献   

A quantitative study of seismic anisotropy in the Yamato Basin, the southeastern Japan Sea, from refraction data collected by an ocean bottom seismographic array     

Tae Woong Chung 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,109(3):620-638

  相似文献   

Magnetic anomaly lineations from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in the west-central Pacific Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Masao Nakanishi  Kensaku Tamaki  Kazuo Kobayashi 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,109(3):701-719

  相似文献   

P_n波的形成及其衰减特征——对加拿大地盾的研究          下载免费PDF全文

秦建业  朱天飞 《地球物理学报》1991,34(5):563-568

尽管P_n波品质因子（P_nQ）对上地幔流变性质研究及核试验监测有着深刻含义,迄今它仍然是一个难以准确测定的地震参量.这是因为除了众所周知的影响所有短周期Q的干扰因素外,在所有主要的区域震相中,地震工作者对P_n波的传播模式及几何扩散函数G=d^-k中的扩散率指数k了解最少.不同的研究者任意地假定不同的常数k,因此常算出非常不同的P_nQ值（例如文献[1]、[2]）.实际上,理论研究已表明,k随频率而变,变化的形式取决于上地幔的速度结构.本文介绍用一推广的逆向双台法同时测定加拿大东部的P_nQ和k值.我们的结果表明:1.加拿大东部的P_n波是由一系列的干涉潜波叠加而形成;2.视P_nQ（散射和固有非弹性的综合效应）随频率而增加,在15Hz处接近2000.  相似文献   

西太平洋典型弧后盆地的地质构造、岩浆作用与热液活动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾志刚  张玉祥  陈祖兴  马瑶  王晓媛  张丹丹  李晓辉 《海洋科学集刊》2016,51(51):3-36

研究了西太平洋典型弧后盆地冲绳海槽和马努斯海盆的区域地质背景、岩浆岩、喷口流体、热液柱、沉积物以及多金属硫化物。结果表明,冲绳海槽在构造和地球物理特征上南北分异,从北向南地壳厚度减薄,南部重力异常变化大,发育条带状磁异常,中部则具有最高的热流值。马努斯海盆的重力异常变化较小,磁力异常呈东西向展布,海底扩张中心附近出现磁异常条带。马努斯海盆已出现洋壳,冲绳海槽的地壳属于过渡性地壳,在中南部的地堑中可能已出现洋壳。 冲绳海槽与马努斯海盆玄武岩的岩浆是由地幔源区部分熔融产生的原始岩浆与板块俯冲组分混合构成。中酸性岩与基性岩具有相同的岩浆物质来源,是玄武质岩浆结晶分异的产物。与马努斯海盆火山岩相比,冲绳海槽火山岩存在不同程度的地壳混染。 冲绳海槽的喷口流体为富含金属元素（Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb）的酸性高温（高达320 °C）流体,其热液柱中的Zn2 、Cd2 、Pb2 、Cu2 离子浓度明显高于正常海水。马努斯海盆的热液柱呈现出CH4、Mn、Al、δ3He正异常及pH负异常的特征。与马努斯海盆PACMANUS热液区的喷口流体（220–276 °C、pH = 2.5–3.5）相比,DESMOS热液区的喷口流体温度（≥88–120 °C）相对较低,酸性更强（pH ≤ 2.1）,二者较低的δ34SH2S和δD值表明岩浆演化过程中有酸性挥发分进入岩浆流体。冲绳海槽与马努斯海盆含金属沉积物的分布及其元素含量特征具有差异,相应地,两个弧后盆地含金属沉积物中的微生物群落也不同。冲绳海槽和马努斯海盆热液区均具富Zn型、Ba-Pb-Zn型、Si-硫化物型和Si-硫化物-硫酸盐型热液产物。与冲绳海槽的多金属硫化物相比,马努斯海盆中多金属硫化物的Pb和Au含量较低。  相似文献   

Diffraction of a directionally spread wave group by a cylinder   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. V. Buldakov  R. Eatock Taylor  P. H. Taylor   《Applied Ocean Research》2003,25(6):145-320

The problem of diffraction of a directionally spread focused wave group by a bottom-seated circular cylinder is considered from the viewpoint of second-order perturbation theory. After applying the time Fourier transform and separation of vertical variable the resulting two-dimensional non-homogeneous Helmholtz equations are solved numerically using finite differences. The detailed formulation of the second-order radiation condition is presented. Numerical solutions of the problem are obtained for JONSWAP amplitude spectra for the incoming wave group with various types of directional spreading. The results are compared with the corresponding results for a unidirectional wave group of the same amplitude spectrum. Finally we discuss the applicability of the averaged spreading angle concept for practical applications.  相似文献   

Structure and Stability of Non-Transform Discontinuities on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 24° N and 30° N     

Sara Spencer  Deborah K. Smith  Johnson R. Cann  Jian Lin  Edward McAllister 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1997,19(4):339-362

Observations of the median valley within the 24–30° N area ofthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), using the IOSDL high resolutionside-scan sonar instrument TOBI, image four separate areas of themedian valley, containing part or all of nine spreading segments, and fivenon-transform discontinuities between spreading segments (NTDs).These high resolution side scan images were interpreted in parallel withmultibeam bathymetry (Purdy et al., 1990), giving a greater degree ofstructural precision than is possible with the multibeam data alone. Threedistinct types of NTD were identified, corresponding in part to typespreviously identified from the multibeam bathymetric survey of the area.Type 1 NTDs are termed septal offsets, and are marked by a topographic ridgeseparating the two spreading segments. The offset between the spreadingsegments ranges from 9 to 14 km. These can be further subdivided into Type1A in which the septa run parallel to the overall trend of the MAR and Type1B in which the septa lie at a high angle to the bulk ridge trend. Type 1ANTDs are characterised by overlap of the neovolcanic zones of the segmentson each side, and strong offaxis traces, while Type 1B NTDs show no overlapof neovolcanic zones, and weak offaxis traces. Type 2 NTDs arebrittle/ductile extensional shear zones, marked by oblique extensionalfractures, and associated with rotation of tectonic and volcanic structuresaway from the overall trend of the MAR. Type 3 NTDs are associated withoffsets of less than 5 km, and show no sign of any accommodating structure.In this type of NTD, the offset zone is covered with undeformed volcanics.The type of NTD developed at any locality along the ridge axis appears todepend on the amount of segment offset and segment overlap, the overalltrend of the mid-ocean ridge, the width of the zone of discontinuity, themedian valley offset and the longevity of the offset. These factorsinfluence the mechanical properties of the lithosphere across thediscontinuity, and ultimately the tectonic style of the NTD that can besupported. Thus brittle/ductile extensional shear zones are long-livedstructures favoured by large segment offsets, and small or negative segmentoverlaps. Septa can be short or long lived, and are associated with largesegment offsets. Segment overlaps vary from negative (an along axis gap) tozero, for Type 1B septal offsets, or positive to zero for Type 1A septaloffsets. Non-tectonised NTDs are generally short lived structures,characterised by small segment offsets and zero or positive overlaps.  相似文献   

南海海盆的形成演化探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘昭蜀  陈忠  潘宇 《海洋科学》1992,16(4):18-22

根据“陆缘扩张”理论,利用古地磁数据,结合地质、地球物理资料,对南海海盆的成因机制和演化过程进行探讨。结果得出:南海的多期多轴扩张及其形成演化,是在欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印度板块的联合作用下,中、新生代南海周缘的微板块和岛弧的相互运动以及南海海盆构造应力场不断变化的情况下逐渐完成的。  相似文献   

Two- and three-dimensional inversions of magnetic anomalies in the MARK area (Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23° N)     

Norbert J. Schulz  Robert S. Detrick  Stephen P. Miller 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1988,10(1-2):41-57

Magnetic data collected in conjunction with a Sea Beam bathymetric survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of the Kane Fracture Zone are used to constrain the spreading history of this area over the past 3 Ma. Two-dimensional forward modeling and inversion techniques are carried out, as well as a full three-dimensional inversion of the anomaly field along a 90-km-long section of the rift valley. Our results indicate that this portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, known as the MARK area, consists of two distinct spreading cells separated by a small, zero-offset transform or discordant zone near 23°10′ N, The youngest crust in the median valley is characterized by a series of distinct magnetization highs which coalesce to form two NNE-trending bands of high magnetization, one on the northern ridge segment which coincides with a large constructional volcanic ridge, and one along the southern ridge segment that is associated with a string of small axial volcanos. These two magnetization highs overlap between 23° N and 23°10° N forming a non-transform offset that may be a slow spreading ridge analogue of the small ridge axis discontinuities found on the East Pacific Rise. The crustal magnetizations in this overlap zone are generally low, although an anomalous, ESE-trending magnetization high of unknown origin is also present in this area. The present-day segmentation of spreading in the MARK area was inherited from an earlier ridge-transform-ridge geometry through a series of small (∼ 10 km) eastward ridge jumps. These small ridge jumps were caused by a relocation of the neovolcanic zone within the median valley and have resulted in an overall pattern of asymmetric spreading with faster rates to the west (14 mm yr⁻¹) than to the east (11 mm yr⁻¹). Although the detailed magnetic survey described in this paper extends out to only 3 Ma old crust, a regional compilation of magnetic data from this area by Schoutenet al. (1985) indicates that the relative positions and dimensions of the spreading cells, and the pattern of asymmetric spreading seen in the MARK area during the past 3 Ma, have characterized this part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge for at least the past 36 Ma.  相似文献