利用接收机钟差建模提升PPP收敛速度及精度     

肖国锐  隋立芬  陈泉余  刘乾坤  王凌轩 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(6)

提出了一种利用接收机钟差建模提升精密单点定位PPP收敛速度及精度的方法。传统PPP模型中通常将接收机钟差与位置同时作为参数逐历元估计。这种处理方法带来了两种参数之间的高度相关性,从而限制了PPP收敛速度及精度。利用Kalman滤波对接收机钟差进行建模,实验结果表明该方法建立的钟差模型更为准确,并降低了钟差与位置参数的相关性,PPP收敛速度加快了约67%;北方向和东方向精度分别提高了18%和22%,天顶方向精度提高了43%。  相似文献   

1990年来广东区域发展的空间溢出效应及驱动因素   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

王少剑  王洋  赵亚博 《地理学报》2015,70(6)

采用尺度方差、核密度估计、空间马尔科夫链和地理加权回归对1990-2010年广东省区域经济发展的溢出效应及其驱动因素进行了时空动态分析。1尺度方差研究表明,在3个尺度分析的基础上发现县级尺度对整个区域经济差异的贡献份额最大,因此是空间溢出效应研究的核心尺度;2核密度估计研究表明,1990-2010年间县域人均GDP差距呈不断扩大趋势,2000-2010年相比于1990-2000年人均GDP差距幅度更大,使得空间溢出更为明显;3空间马尔科夫链研究表明,在县域经济发展过程中存在空间溢出效应,若以较富裕地区为邻,受到的溢出效应是正向的,县域经济向上转移的概率增加,向下转移的概率减小,反之亦然。4空间滞后回归和地理加权回归研究表明,全球化、简政放权和固定资产投资是广东省空间溢出效应的三个核心驱动因素;市场化、城镇化水平和储蓄水平是辅助理解其空间溢出效应的驱动因素。  相似文献   

总体最小二乘回归预测模型的方差分量估计     

王乐洋  孙坚强 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(2)

回归预测模型是对传统回归模型的进一步扩展,不仅涉及回归模型的固定参数估计,而且将模型预测纳入平差的部分内容,更加符合实际解算需求。针对在回归模型预测中经常出现待预测非公共点(自变量)含有观测误差和随机模型不准确的问题,基于EIV(errors-in-variables)模型提出了一种同时顾及所有变量观测误差的整体解法。同时,将方差-协方差分量估计方法引入回归预测模型解算中,以修正随机模型与待预测非公共点的先验协因数阵,并推导了相关计算公式和迭代算法。算例试验表明,该方法能够有效估计各类观测数据的方差分量,为获取更合理的参数估计与更高的模型预测精度提供了可行手段。另外,通过设计多种对比方案可知,该方法的预测效果较好,尤其是针对观测数据与系数矩阵中随机元素之间存在一定相关性的情况。  相似文献   

国产零长弹簧原理动态重力仪首次飞行试验及精度评估     

翟振和  范昊鹏  管斌  马健  段渭超 《测绘通报》2021,(2):68-71

CHZ-Ⅱ重力仪是首套完全国产零长弹簧原理航空重力仪,2018年4月在陕西渭南地区进行了首次飞行试验,共完成4个架次24条测线的有效飞行,标志着我国航空重力仪在自主研发的道路上又取得了长足的进步。利用飞行地区地面重力数据对CHZ-Ⅱ重力仪的测线扰动重力和格网扰动重力数据进行精度评估,其中空中测线在10 km分辨率条件下,精度达到1 mGal。采用地形辅助法对测量形成的5'测格网重力数据进行向下延拓,经延拓至地面后精度优于5 mGal,基本满足平原地区的测量需求。  相似文献   

Combining the dissipation method and surface renewal analysis to estimate scalar fluxes from the time traces over rangeland grass near Ione (California)     

F. Castellví  R. L. Snyder 《水文研究》2009,23(6):842-857

The dissipation method, the method preferred for estimating scalar surface fluxes over open water has not traditionally been used by agronomists, whereas the surface renewal (SR) theory in conjunction with the analysis of the scalar time trace offers tremendous advantages for estimating fluxes over agronomic crops. For a steady and horizontally homogeneous flow, it is shown that the dissipation method and SR analysis are closely related. As a consequence, a new dissipation–SR analysis expression for estimating scalar surface fluxes was derived. The new equation requires no calibration, and the scalar time trace measured at a frequency capable of identifying canopy‐scale coherent structures (typically 4–10 Hz in agriculture) is the only input required. Sensible and latent heat flux estimates obtained from 10 Hz air temperature and water vapour concentration measurements in the inertial sub‐layer (2 m height) over short, homogeneous rangeland grass at a site where similarity does not hold gave similar results to those measured with the eddy covariance (EC) method. For unstable cases, the new equation provided a root mean square error of 57 W m^?2 for the surface energy‐balance closure. For stable cases, the performance was difficult to evaluate because the EC fluxes were similar in magnitude to the sensor error. It is concluded that the proposed method can contribute to a better understanding of hydrological processes and water requirements by providing an accurate, less costly, alternative method to indirectly estimate evapotranspiration as the residual of the energy balance equation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Block bootstrap for Mann–Kendall trend test of serially dependent data     

Bihrat Önöz  Mehmetcik Bayazit 《水文研究》2012,26(23):3552-3560

Mann–Kendall (MK) test for trend detection must be modified when the data are serially correlated, to prevent the detection of false trends. Various approaches are developed for this purpose, such as prewhitening, trend‐free prewhitening, variance correction and block bootstrap. Each method has its own Type I and Type II errors. In this study, the errors of block bootstrapping MK test are estimated by a simulation study and compared with other methods. Optimal block length that minimizes the Type I error is determined as function of sample size and autocorrelation coefficient. It is shown that the power of block bootstrapping MK test is comparable with those of other modified MK tests. These tests are applied to some annual streamflow series with trend recorded in Turkish rivers, and their powers are compared. A modified form of the trend‐free prewhitening procedure is proposed that has a smaller Type I error. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The updated kriging variance and optimal sample design     

Haiyu Gao  Jiahua Wang  Pengda Zhao 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(3):295-313

A number of criteria based on kriging variance calculations may be used for infill sampling design in geologic site characterization. Searching for the best new sample locations from a set of candidate locations can result in excessive computation time if these criteria and the naive rekriging are used. The relative updated kriging estimate and variance for universal kriging estimation are demonstrated as a simple kriging estimate and variance, respectively. The updated kriging variance is demonstrated as the multiplication of two kriging variances. Using these updated kriging variance equations can increase the computational speed for selecting the best new sample locations. The application results for oil rock thickness in an oilfield indicate that minimizing the average relative updated kriging variance is a useful alternative to the other criteria based on kriging variance in optimal infill sampling design for geologic site characterization.  相似文献   

The impact of the Laacher See Tephra on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Black Forest,southern germany     

A. F. Lotter  H. J. B. Birks 《第四纪科学杂志》1993,8(3):263-276

Late-glacial lake sediments containing the Laacher See Tephra (LST, 11000 yr BP) have been analysed for pollen and diatoms at two sites (Hirschenmoor, Rotmeer) in the montane belt of the Black Forest (southern Germany) in order to detect the possible impact of this major volcanic eruption on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The pollen assemblages at both sites show a minor increase in grasses and sedges following the tephra deposition, whereas the pollen of aquatic macrophytes do not show any consistent pattern. Partial redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests suggest, however, that the LST had no statistically significant effect either on the terrestrial or aquatic pollen assemblages at either site when the effects of time and climatic change are allowed for statistically. The diatom assemblages at both sites changed after the deposition of the LST and diatominferred pH estimates suggest a short but non-significant excursion towards lower values. Multivariate analyses of the diatom data indicate a statistically significant impact of the deposition of the LST and associated changes in sediment lithology on the diatom assemblages when the effects of climatic change and time are allowed for statistically. However, owing to the interaction between tephra and lithology it is not possible to conclude if the diatom changes were caused by the deposition of the LST or by lithological changes.  相似文献   

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE     

《The Professional geographer》1987,39(3):357-362

Reviews of geographic software in this article: ADD A STAT, Version 2.0 MULTIFIT, Version 2.0 CITY AND COUNTY DATA BOOK, 1983 Files on Diskettes. FUTPOP. CPSS/PC, Version 2. SOURCE ZIP and SOURCE TRACT STATPLAN 111 ySTAT.  相似文献   

Matrix formulation of co-kriging   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Donald E. Myers 《Mathematical Geology》1982,14(3):249-257

The matrix form of the general co-kriging problem is presented. Matrix solutions are given for SRFs with covariance functions, for IRFs of order zero using variograms and for universal co-kriging. General methods for obtaining cross-covariance or cross-variogram models are given. The relationship of the general co-kriging problem to the problem of one under sampled variable is presented.  相似文献