Biosorption of Chromium(VI) Ions by Deposits Produced from Chicken Feathers after Soluble Keratin Extraction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Pin Gao  Zhenhong Liu  Xiaoqian Wu  Zhangjun Cao  Yuan Zhuang  Weimin Sun  Gang Xue  Meihua Zhou 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(11):1558-1566

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DEPTH-AVERAGED 2-D CALCULATION OF FLOW AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN CURVED CHANNELS     

WeimingWU SamS.Y.WANG 《国际泥沙研究》2004,19(4):241-257

The helical flow significantly affects the flow, sediment transport and morphological evolution in curved channels. A semi-empirical formula is proposed to determine the cross-stream distribution of the helical flow intensity in the developed regions of a channel bend. It is then used to evaluate the dispersion terms in the depth-averaged 2-D momentum equations and suspended-load transport equation as well as the bed-load transport angle, thus enhancing the depth-averaged 2-D model to account for the effect of helical flow. The tests in several experimental and field cases show that the enhanced depth-averaged 2-D model can much more reasonably predict the shifting of main flow from inner bank to outer bank, the erosion along outer bank and deposition along inner bank than the depth-averaged 2-D model without considering this effect.  相似文献   

用地震资料估算珊溪水库岩层孔隙度和饱和度     

钟羽云  朱新运  张震峰 《中国地震》2016,32(4):627-641

本文首先从室内岩石力学实验数据出发,利用Biot-Gassmann方程和Pride模型建立的岩石骨架与岩石基质体积模量函数关系式求出珊溪水库区岩石基质模量和固结系数,然后分别利用联合地震波走时方程组和多台和达曲线求得P波速度和波速比,最后以流纹斑岩为例,计算了岩石饱和度、孔隙度,并分析了地震中造成的饱和度和孔隙度的变化。结果表明:(1)地震过程中岩石饱和度均大于99%,且大多为100%,即地震中岩石处于水饱和或接近水饱和状态,波速和波速比的变化主要由岩石孔隙度的变化引起。(2)珊溪水库震中区流纹斑岩孔隙度的上限值为6.6%~15.5%,下限值为3.6%~4.2%。下限值与地震前由实验室测得的孔隙度相近。如果实验室测得的流纹斑岩孔隙度是其初始值,则地震中岩石孔隙度增大了3.2%~12.09%。(3)2008年1月地震以后震中区岩石孔隙度逐渐闭合,直到2014年8月孔隙度开始迅速增大,9月15日起原震区再次发生一组新的地震活动,震群活动前岩石出现了扩容现象。  相似文献   

OBS广角地震探测中二次反射Pg震相特征及在地壳结构成像中的作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

万奎元  曹敬贺  夏少红  孙金龙  黄海波  徐辉龙 《地球物理学报》2016,59(8):2818-2832

在海底地震仪(OBS,Ocean Bottom Seismometer)广角地震探测中,经常可以见到能量很强、连续性很好的多次波震相,但对于如何确定这些多次波的属性以及怎样充分利用它们来约束地下的结构特征,至今还缺乏详细的研究.本文利用南海北部已获取的OBS探测数据,对与地壳折射Pg震相近乎平行并紧随其后的二次反射Pg震相进行了系统分析研究,发现在实测OBS地震记录剖面上,二次反射Pg震相具有连续、清晰、可追踪偏移距较远(约60km以上)等特点,其地震波形和粒子运动轨迹与初至Pg震相相似,但二次反射Pg震相波形最大振幅值和粒子震动能量明显比初至Pg震相大.通过理论模型模拟以及对实测地震剖面三种不同反射层路径的走时计算,确定了二次反射Pg震相主要来自沉积层的反射.在此基础上,对二次反射Pg震相在地壳结构成像中的作用进行分析,发现加入二次反射Pg震相前后,由于反射震相的增加,沉积层界面的约束程度得到极大的提高;另外,通过对理论模型和实测剖面OBS2010地壳结构进行加入二次反射Pg震相前后的分辨率测试,结果发现加入二次反射Pg震相数据后,由于射线密度的增加,沉积层和上地壳结构的成像分辨率有显著改善.  相似文献   

电子探针分析技术进展及面临的挑战   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张迪  陈意  毛骞  苏斌  贾丽辉  郭顺 《岩石学报》2019,35(1):261-274

电子探针是研究地球与行星物质组成最基础的微束分析技术。近年来,固体地球科学和行星科学的不断发展,促使电子探针分析技术取得了一系列进展:矿物微量元素分析、稀土矿物测试方法完善、副矿物定年、富Fe矿物/熔体Fe~(3+)含量测定、场发射电子探针及软X射线分析谱仪的开发及应用等。同时,电子探针分析技术也面临着诸多挑战:微量元素测试在降低检测限的同时,还需要提高分析的准确度和精确度;降低二次荧光效应的影响;场发射电子探针在低电压下需要建立全新的分析条件和校正方式。基于这些挑战,电子探针未来在微量元素监测标样开发、二次荧光效应校正、场发射电子探针及软X射线分析谱仪应用、波谱仪完善和微区多种分析技术集成等方面具有发展潜力,以便为地学样品的研究提供更丰富、更准确的微米尺度成分信息。  相似文献   

湘西地区黔阳次级成锰盆地锰矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析—以大岩坳向斜南东翼为例     

赵亮亮 《地质与勘探》2019,55(S1):266-275

湘西地区黔阳次级成锰盆地位于扬子陆块东南缘,构造位置上属雪峰山板内造山带南-东端。盆地内锰矿床为具有“内源外生”特征的南华系中统大塘坡组,处于大岩坳向斜的东南翼的半局限浅海盆地中,为沉积变质型锰矿床,据笔者工作资料矿体受大塘坡组黑色含锰炭质板岩控制,亦受加里东期构造控制,矿体呈层状、似层状及串珠状.物相分析表明矿石矿物近地表主要为氧化锰矿,地表10m以下为菱锰矿。本文通过对典型矿床照洞锰矿矿区的矿床地质特征、古构造环境综合分析,推测该区具有较大的找矿潜力。  相似文献   

液体矿产资源估算中储卤介质孔隙（给水）度参数的计算分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

顾新鲁  于咏梅  李明  刘小星  徐明  曾永刚  韩芳芳 《盐湖研究》2009,17(4):32-36

通过对盐类地层储卤介质孔隙度和给水度的室内测试和野外抽水试验、示踪法测试对比分析,得出比较客观的分析数据,提出推荐的计算参数,为盐类矿产(液体矿)的资源估算评价提供基础依据。  相似文献   

Minimal advective travel time along arbitrary streamlines of porous media flows: The Fermat–Leibnitz–Bernoulli problem revisited     

A.R. Kacimov  N.D. Yakimov   《Journal of Hydrology》2009,375(3-4):356-362

Travel time of marked fluid particles along arbitrary streamlines in arbitrary porous streamtubes is estimated from below based on the Cauchy–Bunyakovskii (Schwartz) and Jensen inequalities. In homogeneous media the estimate is strict and expressed through the length of the streamline, hydraulic conductivity, porosity and the head fall. The minimum is attained at streamlines of unidirectional flow. The bounds for heterogeneous soils, non-Darcian flows and unsaturated media are also written. If such bounds are attained the corresponding trajectories become brachistochrones. For example, in a two-layered aquifer and seepage perpendicular to the layers there is a unique conductivity–porosity ratio which makes a broken streamline brachistocronic. Similarly, if conductivities of two layers are fixed there is a unique incident angle between flow in one medium and the interface which makes a refracted streamline brachistocronic.  相似文献   

Calculation of primary and secondary flow and boundary shear stresses in a meandering channel     

Thorsten Stoesser  Nils Ruether  Nils Reidar Boe Olsen 《Advances in water resources》2010

Turbulent flow in a meandering channel is computed with two Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes solving the Navier–Stokes equations by employing different turbulence closure approaches. The first CFD code solves the steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) using an isotropic turbulence closure. The second code is based on the concept of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). LES resolves the large-scale turbulence structures in the flow and is known to outperform RANS models in flows in which large-scale structures dominate the statistics. The results obtained from the two codes are compared with experimental data from a physical model study. Both, LES and RANS simulation, predict the primary helical flow pattern in the meander as well as the occurrence of an outer-bank secondary cell. Computed primary as well as secondary flow velocities are in reasonably good agreement with experimental data. Evidence is given that the outer-bank secondary cell in a meander bend is the residual of the main secondary cell of the previous bend. However, the RANS code, regardless of the turbulence model employed, overpredicts the size and strength of the outer-bank secondary cell. Furthermore, only LES is able to uphold the outer-bank second secondary cell beyond the bend apex until the exit of the bend as turbulence anisotropy contributes to its persistence. The presence of multiple secondary cells has important consequences for the distribution of shear stresses along the wetted perimeter of the channel, and thereby the sediment transport in meandering channels. Consequently, even though LES is expected to compute the bed-shear stresses along the wetted perimeter of the channel with a higher degree of accuracy than the RANS model, comparisons between LES and RANS computed wall shear stresses agree well. These findings are useful for practitioners who need to rely on RANS model predictions of the flow in meandering channels at field scale.  相似文献   

地震密度反演及地层孔隙度估计   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

石玉梅  姚逢昌  孙虎生  齐莉 《地球物理学报》2010,53(1):197-204

地层密度直接与孔隙度、孔隙流体类型、饱和度和骨架矿物成分有关.本文通过理论分析和计算,讨论了油气藏储层物性参数变化引起的密度变化及密度变化对地震波速度、阻抗和振幅的影响,提出了基于完全纵波方程的全波形地震密度反演和孔隙度估计方法,克服了常规地震密度反演对地震数据更多处理引起的信号畸变,提高了地震密度反演和地层孔隙度估计的精度.该方法采用波场导数的时间积分和多炮求和,对地震数据中的噪声具有比较强的压制作用.理论模型研究表明该方法是可行的.通过对我国西部某气田实际数据处理、分析和反演,获得了地层密度和孔隙度,结果与测井基本吻合,证明了预测结果的准确性和方法的有效性,从而为后续的有效储层预测和储量计算提供了可靠的数据.  相似文献