明代中国人环球测绘《坤舆万国全图》——兼论《坤舆万国全图》的作者不是利玛窦   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李兆良 《测绘科学》2016,41(7):59-66

通过对详细的地理地名考析,结论是《坤舆万国全图》并非意大利传教士利玛窦根据欧洲世界地图翻译绘制,该地图的地理测绘不是1602年完成,而是1430年左右,即郑和第六次大航海之后。该地图的欧洲部分是1400年以前的地理,中国部分为1430年左右,部分美洲却是1800年以后欧洲人才知道的,与西方公认的地理大发现历史严重冲突。卫匡国的《中国新地图集》不可能是他在中国9年内完成,证明经纬度、球形投影等技术是明代中国人发明的地图绘制技术,不是"西学东渐"。此外,其他明代文化文物在美洲遗存等旁证有力支持地图论据,证明明代中国人比哥伦布先抵美洲,《坤舆万国全图》是中国文献,用现代地图学技术测绘,明代中国人是15世纪世界地理大发现和现代地图学的真正先驱。  相似文献   

冬季东亚主要行星尺度环流分量的时空特征及其相互行用     

周发琇  H.-L.Pan 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,(2)

本文采用一种复经验正交函数分析方法和滤波技术,对1978—79年冬季全球冬季风实验资料系列FGGE-Ⅲb进行分析,尤其对东亚地区时间尺度10—20天的主要行星尺度环流分量进行分解,结果表明影响气压和厚度场的决定性因子是冷季风潮,受季风潮影响200百帕上无辐散风u_φ第一模态以1—2天滞后沿经向和纬向有类似于季风潮的传播;季风潮振动导致局地经向环流相应变化,以无旋风V_X第一模态表示的Hadley环流几乎无经向传播但有明显的纬向传播,并在传播过程中加强;热带对于副热带存在反馈并通过u_φ第二模态实现。在急流入口处u_X第二模态表示次级环流的存在,其水平尺度约20个纬距。  相似文献   

用¹³C-NMR光谱法研究几种红藻含硫半乳聚糖的结构特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

纪明侯  高洪峰  曹文达  范晓 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(3):330-335

于１９８９年８月对采自青岛地区的５种红藻用冷水和热水分步提取或直接加热提取方法制备含硫半乳聚糖，对其多糖进行的＾１３Ｃ－光谱分析结果表明，扁江蓠多糖主要由琼胶糖和６－硫酸基－琼胶糖组分构成，海萝和多管藻多糖主要由６－硫酸基－琼胶糖组成，并含微量琼胶糖前体，６－ＯＣＨ３－琼胶糖组分，此两种藻的热水提取物中还含有微量２－ＯＣＨ３－琼胶糖，三叉仙菜的热水提取多糖主要由琼胶糖的前体组成；从海膜多糖谱图的信  相似文献   

白沙河平原区地下水资源现状供需平衡分析     

邱汉学  刘贯群  郑继民  焦超颖  董怡喜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(Z3)

利用白沙河含水系统数值模拟模型和白沙河平原区需水预测模型的预测结果，对白沙河平原区水资源现状供需状况进行分析，指出：单纯依靠地下水供水时，缺水率达２０％以上，含水层系统有１／５的面积经常处于疏干状态．这一结果为更好地设计管理方案提供了依据。  相似文献   

西菲律宾海晚第四纪沉积地球化学特征   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

石学法  陈丽蓉 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(2):124-131

对１９８８对取自西菲律宾海区的３个沉积物柱样进行系统的地球化学研究。结果表明，本区的沉积物属半远洋沉积物，其地球化学特征受控于陆源沉积作用、海洋生物沉积作用和海底火山常积作用。据主要化学元素和ＣａＣＯ５的柱状变化进行地层划分和古气候的恢复，区分出末次冰期的亚间冰期沉积、冰期最盛期沉积和全新世沉积。本区的ＣａＣＯ３变化表现出两种类型，ＷＰ１柱样属大西洋型溶解旋回；ＷＰ２和ＷＰ４０柱样属太平洋型溶解旋  相似文献   

Lipid biomarkers of deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaetes—Alvinella pompejana, A. caudata, Paralvinella grasslei and Hesiolyra bergii     

Charles F. Phleger  Matthew M. Nelson  Ami K. Groce  S. Craig Cary  Kathryn Coyne  John A.E. Gibson  Peter D. Nichols 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2005,52(12):2333-2352

The lipid composition was determined for 5 species of polychaete annelids collected by the Deep Submergence Vehicle ALVIN from high temperature chimneys at the 2500 m depth hydrothermal vent field of the East Pacific Rise. These are the first lipid biomarker analyses reported for these hydrothermal vent polychaetes. Lipid content was low in all samples (1.6–35.9 mg g^–1 wet mass) and was dominated by polar lipid (78–90% of total lipid) with 8–19% sterol (ST), and very low storage lipid (triacylglycerol and wax ester). Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were moderately high (22–31% of total fatty acids (FA)) with extremely low or no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6(n-3)). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)) levels were 5–6% in Alvinella pompejana and A. caudata and 10.3–13.7% in an errantiate polychaete (likely Hesionidae) and Hesiolyra bergii. There were greater PUFA and a greater EPA/AA (AA is arachidonic acid, 20:4(n-6)) ratio in the anterior versus the posterior half of A. pompejana, which may correlate to the strong temperature gradient reported in its tube. Total nonmethylene interrupted diunsaturated fatty acids (NMID) were 4–9% of total FA for most polychaete species and included several 20:2 and 22:2 components. The principal monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) included 18:1(n-7)c (14–19%), 16:1(n-7)c (2.6–10%) and 20:1(n-11)c (3–7% of total FA). These polychaete species may desaturate and elongate the bacterial-derived 18:1(n-7)c to obtain the essential FA EPA and AA. The major ST in the polychaetes is cholesterol (89–98% of total ST) with less cholesterol in the gut contents of A. pompejana. Other ST included 24-ethylcholesterol (1.5–5% of total ST) with lesser amounts of 24-methylenecholesterol, desmosterol, lathosterol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, and the stanols dehydrocholestanol and cholestanol. The high ST levels could play a role in thermal adaptation of membranes at the hydrothermal vent environment. Differences in the FA profiles separated the closely related species A. pompejana and A. caudata from Paralvinella grasslei, H. bergii, and the errantiate polychaete (likely Hesionidae).  相似文献   

德国联邦地学研究中心与全德天然气水合物研究     

许红 《海洋地质前沿》2006,22(10):20-21

简要介绍了德国联邦地学研究中心及全德天然气水合物调查研究现状与成果,特别是对“太阳号”在“水合物海脊”和SO177-1航次在中国南海等的科学调查及研究成果进行了介绍。  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷中区磁异常研究     

姜效典 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(Z1)

用模糊数学方法研究黄骅坳陷中区,识别油气田磁异常以及由其它因素引起的磁异常。  相似文献   

南沙群岛海域泻湖及礁外沉积物间隙水中的-2价硫   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

宋金明  李鹏程 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(6):590-597

于1993年5月和1994年3－4月通过调查，用硫离子选择电极法研究南沙群岛海域泻湖及礁外沉积物间隙水中的∑S（－Ⅱ）及SO~(2-)_4，探讨泻湖内及礁外间隙水中-2价硫的分布特征，沉积物-海水界面间硫的扩散转移通量和-2价硫的热力学平衡控制体系。结果表明，该海区∑S（－Ⅱ）含量，泻湖间隙水中远比礁外高，人为活动剧烈的礁内泻湖高于人为活动少的泻湖，离礁近的礁外间隙水中的高于远离礁的间隙水中的。在礁外沉积物间隙水中-2价硫含量呈垂向增加的趋势，沉积物-海水界面间HS-，S2-均是从沉积物向上覆海水扩散，SO反之。礁内泻湖的扩散量远高于礁外的，HS-扩散总平均为61．34μmol／（m2·d），SO为-0．41mmol／（m2·d）；礁外泻湖的HS-总平均为14．96μmol／（m2·d），SO为-0．35mmol／（m2·d）。该海区的-2价硫主要由S＋2e→S2-氧化还原电对控制，平衡时Eh计算值与实测值接近，单质疏作为亚稳态可存在于沉积物中，并可与溶解铁继续形成自生黄铁矿（FeS2）沉淀。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal changes in totally and enzymatically hydrolyzable amino acids of superficial sediments from three contrasted areas     

Antoine Grémare  Dimitri Gutiérrez  Jean Michel Amouroux  Gilles Vétion 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,65(1):89-111

Spatio-temporal changes in totally and enzymatically hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA and EHHA) and EHAA/THAA ratios of superficial sediments were assessed during 1997-1999 in three areas (i.e., the Gulf of Lions, the Bay of Biscay, and Central Chile) differing in their primary productivity. In all three areas, and even off Central Chile where a strong El Niño event took place during 1997-1998, spatial changes were always much greater than temporal ones. The factors affecting the spatial distributions of amino acid concentrations differed among areas. In the Gulf of Lions, sediment granulometry was apparently the most important driving force of THAA, EHAA, and EHAA/THAA, and there was no marked difference between stations located on the open slope and those in submarine canyons. Conversely, in the Bay of Biscay, there were clear differences between the stations located off Cap-Breton, on the open slope, and those in the Cap-Ferret canyon; the latter two featuring lower EHAA and THAA but higher EHAA/THAA. This pattern is likely to result from the predominance of different sources of organic matter and especially from the importance of continental inputs to the Cap-Breton canyon. Off Central Chile, amino acid concentrations and ratios were both maximal around 100 m depth, probably reflecting the interaction between the primary productivity gradient and the presence of an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) reducing the degradation of sedimentary organics. When comparing the average values collected in the three areas studied, THAA and EHAA were highest in Central Chile, intermediate in the Bay of Biscay and lowest in the Gulf of Lions. EHAA/THAA ratios were also highest in Central Chile but were lowest in the Bay of Biscay. Differences between the Gulf of Lions and the Bay of Biscay could have been affected by sampling design. In Central Chile, the use of labile organic carbon to total organic carbon (C-LOM/TOC) and EHAA/THAA as indices of organic matter lability led to very similar results. This was not the case in the Bay of Biscay. It is therefore argued that the use of C-LOM/TOC should be restricted to highly productive areas.  相似文献