Excess in precipitation as a cause for settlement decline along the Israeli coastal plain during the third millennium BC     

Avraham Faust  Yosef Ashkenazy 《Quaternary Research》2007,68(1):37-44

Although the relations between climate and settlement are not straightforward, there is a general agreement that arid conditions are less favorable for human settlement in the semiarid Near East than humid conditions. Here we show that humid conditions resulted in the abandonment of settlements along the Israeli coastal plain. We first present archaeological evidence for a drastic decline in settlement along the Israeli coast during most of the third millennium BC (Early Bronze Age II-III). Then, based on archaeological and climatic evidence, we link this decline to an environmental change occurring at that time. We propose that increased precipitation intensified the already existing drainage problems and resulted in flooding, which led to the transformation of arable land into marshes and to the spread of diseases, gradually causing settlement decline and abandonment.  相似文献   

白脊藤壶(Balanus albicostatus)应用于天然海洋防污产物筛选模型的研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯丹青  柯才焕  卢昌义  李少菁 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(4)

采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,进行了白脊藤壶金星幼体的室内培养以及附着基、温度、盐度、幼体密度和幼体低温保存时间等因子分别对白脊藤壶金星幼体附着的影响的研究,结果表明,在培养水体为水温25℃、盐度30的膜滤海水,幼体培养密度为1只/ml,饵料为牟氏角毛藻,投饵量为(0.75-5)×10 5 cells/ml的培养条件下,白脊藤壶无节幼体在培养4天后即大部分顺利发育至金星幼体阶段,实现了白脊藤壶金星幼体在实验室内的大量培养.另一方面,实验结果还表明,在白脊藤壶金星幼体附着抑制实验中,玻璃培养皿和聚苯乙烯六孔板都可采用作为附着基,温度、盐度、幼体密度及幼体低温保存时间的适宜范围分别为20-35℃、15-45、1-20只/ml和0-8天.本研究结果揭示了白脊藤壶可作为筛选天然海洋防污产物的模型生物,并确定了其基础实验条件的适宜范围.  相似文献   

超浅层顶管施工诱发地表沉降规律分析     

张海生 《岩土钻凿工程》2014,(2):61-66

随着社会化进程的推进,顶管法在各类城市地下管线的施工中得到广泛应用。超浅层顶管施工。绝大多数是在已建道路下进行的,施工时,易发生地表沉降,且沉降量很大,易破坏路面。为此,超浅层顶管施工对周围环境的影响已引起人们足够的重视,其施工及控制技术是目前迫切需要掌握的。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对顶管施工过程中地表沉降进行模拟,旨在了解超浅层顶管施工引起的力学效应。对超浅层顶管施工引起的地表沉降作出预测,为采取措施减小地表沉降提供依据。  相似文献   

路堤荷载下碎石桩处理软基沉降计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈继彬  赵其华  彭社琴 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):505-510

以沉降控制为目的的碎石桩复合地基,其沉降计算在设计、施工中具有重要地位。本文基于典型的桩土单元体模型,建立了复合地基体积压缩系数与复合地基弹性模量的关系,考虑施工中的时间因素及相应的固结度对沉降的影响,提出相应的沉降计算公式,并结合四川省遂-资高速公路软基变形监测的数据进一步验证其可行性。研究表明本算法计算值比实测沉降约大10% ～20%。填筑过程中,计算沉降历时曲线与实测曲线拟合较好,更接近实测值;在此基础上,初步探讨了影响路堤荷载下碎石桩处理软基沉降变化的因素,得出桩径、桩间距对其影响较为明显。同时结合本例,建议布桩时桩间距与桩径比值最好控制在2～4之间。  相似文献   

Multitemporal settlement and population mapping from Landsat using Google Earth Engine     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

As countries become increasingly urbanized, understanding how urban areas are changing within the landscape becomes increasingly important. Urbanized areas are often the strongest indicators of human interaction with the environment, and understanding how urban areas develop through remotely sensed data allows for more sustainable practices. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) leverages cloud computing services to provide analysis capabilities on over 40 years of Landsat data. As a remote sensing platform, its ability to analyze global data rapidly lends itself to being an invaluable tool for studying the growth of urban areas. Here we present (i) An approach for the automated extraction of urban areas from Landsat imagery using GEE, validated using higher resolution images, (ii) a novel method of validation of the extracted urban extents using changes in the statistical performance of a high resolution population mapping method. Temporally distinct urban extractions were classified from the GEE catalog of Landsat 5 and 7 data over the Indonesian island of Java by using a Normalized Difference Spectral Vector (NDSV) method. Statistical evaluation of all of the tests was performed, and the value of population mapping methods in validating these urban extents was also examined. Results showed that the automated classification from GEE produced accurate urban extent maps, and that the integration of GEE-derived urban extents also improved the quality of the population mapping outputs.  相似文献   

A geographical analysis of the Atalanti alluvial plain and coastline as the location of a potential tourist site, Bronze through Early Iron Age Mitrou, East-Central Greece     

Mark D. Green 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):335-349

Tourism accounts for 15% of Greece’s gross domestic product. In the wake of a struggling economy many of Greece’s coastal villages have turned to tourism to supplement local economies. Preliminary analysis of structural and cultural materials recovered from an excavation on Mitrou, a small islet near the coastal village Tragana located 140 km north of Athens has established the site’s contribution to a fuller understanding of settlement practices in Central Greece from the end of the Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. The site’s historic importance combined with its scenic coastal setting has considerable potential to be developed into an important tourist site. The physical geography of the region is the product of the complex interaction of coastal, alluvial, fluvial, and seismic processes. This investigation integrates the archaeological material with a geographical analysis employing a variety of geographical techniques (soil and sediment analysis, past climatic data, environmental surveys, and geospatial modeling) to reconstruct the geomorphological history of the site and to evaluate the area as a potential tourist site.  相似文献   

Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

F. Pooya Nejad  Mark B. Jaksa  M. Kakhi  Bryan A. McCabe 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009,36(7):1125-1133

In recent years artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems with some degree of success. With respect to the design of pile foundations, accurate prediction of pile settlement is necessary to ensure appropriate structural and serviceability performance. In this paper, an ANN model is developed for predicting pile settlement based on standard penetration test (SPT) data. Approximately 1000 data sets, obtained from the published literature, are used to develop the ANN model. In addition, the paper discusses the choice of input and internal network parameters which were examined to obtain the optimum model. Finally, the paper compares the predictions obtained by the ANN with those given by a number of traditional methods. It is demonstrated that the ANN model outperforms the traditional methods and provides accurate pile settlement predictions.  相似文献   

Settlement over peat on the A5 at Pant Dedwydd near Cerrigydrudion, North Wales     

Douglas Nichol  Ian W. Farmer 《Engineering Geology》1998,50(3-4):299-307

The A5 London to Holyhead trunk road suffers from large and varied settlements at Pant Dedwydd where it crosses a geotrophic peat bog developed on the glacial drift that overlies bedrock of Silurian Denbigh Grits Group. Recent carriageway settlements have created an undulating profile over a 100 m stretch, restricting forward visibility and posing recurring and persistent difficulties for highway maintenance. The highly compressible peat underlies almost 400 m of highway, ranges up to 7 m deep and a typical profile consists of an upper sphagnum peat layer and a basal reedy, woody and sedge grass peat. The highway was originally constructed by Thomas Telford in 1819 as a low floating embankment over the organic terrain. Increases in traffic over the intervening period together with successive asphalt overlays have resulted in a history of major repairs and although records are incomplete it is likely that the carriageway is now over 2 m thick over parts of the bog. Comprehensive geological investigations carried out to characterize the peat deposit included dynamic probe holes, boreholes and a trial pit. No unusual subsurface conditions were identified. However, scrub willow or grey sallow (Salix cinerea) was observed growing in spiraea thickets alongside the deepest hollows in the highway. The willows may contribute to the road subsidence by extraction of water from the peat beneath the carriageway. Accordingly, removal of the scrub willow and conventional re-grading of the carriageway have been recommended to correct the existing problem.  相似文献   

实散组合桩承载原理及应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王长科  戴志祥  柯文开 《工程地质学报》1999,7(4):327-331

本文提出了实散组合桩概念,即一根桩由上下两段组成,上段是实体桩,下段是散体桩。这样就克服了散体桩通常桩头承载能力低的缺陷。本文对实散组合桩的受力概念进行了分析研究,给出了其承载力、沉降、临界桩长等计算方法和公式。最后介绍了首次工程实例。  相似文献   

北极地区200海里外大陆架划界法律问题研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴迪 《极地研究》2011,23(3):217-225

随着北极冰盖的融化,开采北极蕴藏丰富的石油、矿产资源越来越具有现实可行性,北极地区200海里外大陆架划界问题日益成为各国关注的热点.分析北极地区200海里外大陆架划界的国际法基础、主要法律问题以及学界对解决该问题的建议,认为200海里外大陆架划界不可能通过某一特定程序一次性解决,而是现有国际法框架内各国共同参与、区分不...  相似文献