南极地区Es特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵海生  许正文  吴健 《极地研究》2012,24(2):129-135

Es是发生在电离层E层高度上的偶发电离增强结构,其电子密度最高可达E层背景电子密度的100倍以上。Es出现概率和强度全球分布不均,主要分布在中低纬度地区,极区也有较强Es出现并具有显著特点,极区Es的研究,对研究Es成因和物理机理具有重要科学意义。本文利用Syowa站（69.0°S,39.6°E）40余年的观测数据,选取临界频率和虚高两个参数,研究了南极地区Es强度特性、日变化、季节变化及长期变化特性。  相似文献   

Air–sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R.J. Small  S.P. deSzoeke  S.P. Xie  L. O&#x;Neill  H. Seo  Q. Song  P. Cornillon  M. Spall  S. Minobe 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2008,45(3-4):274

Air–sea interaction at ocean fronts and eddies exhibits positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and heat fluxes out of the ocean, indicating that the ocean is forcing the atmosphere. This contrasts with larger scale climate modes where the negative correlations suggest that the atmosphere is driving the system. This paper examines the physical processes that lie behind the interaction of sharp SST gradients and the overlying marine atmospheric boundary layer and deeper atmosphere, using high resolution satellite data, field data and numerical models. The importance of different physical mechanisms of atmospheric response to SST gradients, such as the effect of surface stability variations on momentum transfer, pressure gradients, secondary circulations and cloud cover will be assessed. The atmospheric response is known to create small-scale wind stress curl and divergence anomalies, and a discussion of the feedback of these features onto the ocean will also be presented. These processes will be compared and contrasted for different regions such as the Equatorial Front in the Eastern Pacific, and oceanic fronts in mid-latitudes such as the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Agulhas Return Current.  相似文献   

A Parameterization of Dry Thermals and Shallow Cumuli for Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Julien Pergaud  Valéry Masson  Sylvie Malardel  Fleur Couvreux 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(1):83-106

For numerical weather prediction models and models resolving deep convection, shallow convective ascents are subgrid processes that are not parameterized by classical local turbulent schemes. The mass flux formulation of convective mixing is now largely accepted as an efficient approach for parameterizing the contribution of larger plumes in convective dry and cloudy boundary layers. We propose a new formulation of the EDMF scheme (for Eddy Diffusivity\Mass Flux) based on a single updraft that improves the representation of dry thermals and shallow convective clouds and conserves a correct representation of stratocumulus in mesoscale models. The definition of entrainment and detrainment in the dry part of the updraft is original, and is specified as proportional to the ratio of buoyancy to vertical velocity. In the cloudy part of the updraft, the classical buoyancy sorting approach is chosen. The main closure of the scheme is based on the mass flux near the surface, which is proportional to the sub-cloud layer convective velocity scale w _*. The link with the prognostic grid-scale cloud content and cloud cover and the projection on the non- conservative variables is processed by the cloud scheme. The validation of this new formulation using large-eddy simulations focused on showing the robustness of the scheme to represent three different boundary layer regimes. For dry convective cases, this parameterization enables a correct representation of the countergradient zone where the mass flux part represents the top entrainment (IHOP case). It can also handle the diurnal cycle of boundary-layer cumulus clouds (EUROCS\ARM) and conserve a realistic evolution of stratocumulus (EUROCS\FIRE).  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene sea-level oscillations (MIS 10–2) recorded in shallow marine and coastal plain sediments of the southern Wanganui Basin, New Zealand     

Glenn R. Hughes  David M. Kennedy   《Quaternary Research》2009,71(3):477-489

The northern Wanganui Basin, New Zealand, is one of the key global sites for understanding marine cyclic sedimentation during the Quaternary. This paper presents the first evidence of marine cyclic sedimentation from its central-southern parts. Sedimentological, micropalaeontological and palynological analyses on a 280-m-deep borehole encountered units dating back to MIS 10. The sequence includes four marine cycles spanning MIS 9–5, which are overlain by terrestrial fluvial aggradation surfaces dating from MIS 4–2. Each marine unit represents a progressively shallowing depositional environment from the mid-shelf to coastal plain. This is overlain by a terrestrial sequence of lowstand fluvial terraces. Localized fault movements appear to have influenced the sedimentary character of the sequence during MIS 7a and 5e producing basement highs which provided protection to the shoreline. The cyclothems described in this paper now extend the already extensive, previously described record from MIS 17–10 to produce a combined eustatic record of Quaternary sea level change within the basin to MIS 5. They also provide an excellent example of the sedimentary response of a coastal basin to a progressive loss of sedimentation accommodation space.  相似文献   

大庆长垣南部白垩纪断裂活动及对浅层气藏的控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李建民  付晓飞  玄昌姬  陆延平  刘海涛 《地质科学》2009,44(2):513-524

大庆长垣南部包括葡北、敖包塔和葡两3个局部构造.黑帝庙油层的形成与3种不同演化历史断层有关：反转期断裂（Ⅲ犁）、断陷期形成坳陷期和反转期均活动的断裂（Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ型）和坳陷期形成反转期活动的断裂（Ⅱ-Ⅲ型）;其中连通气源岩且活动期与大量生排气期相匹配的Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ型和Ⅱ-Ⅲ型断裂是生物气垂向运移的主要通道,Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ型断裂是深部CO₂向上运移的主要通道.这些断层均是“似花状”断层组合的边界断层,对倾边界断层控制背斜和鼻状构造形成.数值模拟表明：对倾的气源断层与地层产状的配置关系共同控制天然气运移方向和聚集的部位,由于葡萄花和敖包塔构造西缓东陡,因此天然气主要富集在背斜东翼和背斜之间的断块上.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西部地区断裂类型及油气勘探意义   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王亚东  方小敏  高军平  刘栋梁  张跃中  张伟林 《地质科学》2009,44(3):957-965

为研究柴西地区油气成藏及其与青藏高原隆升的关系,我们借助生长断层定性和定量分析,总结出该区断裂在演化上总体可归纳为两个主要形成时期和4种表现形式：早期形成时期(E1＋2?N),中生代以来开始活动,多数终止于下油砂山组末(约14.9 Ma); 晚期形成时期(N?Q),上油砂山组开始活动,狮子沟组(约8.2 Ma)以来活动尤为剧烈,持续至今。在形式上主要表现为限于下或上构造层的生长断层; 贯穿下、上构造层的生长断层和后期断层4类。柴西地区的这种断裂构造特征,与青藏高原的分阶段隆升相对应,控制着该区的油气运移、成藏、保存及改造,对我们在柴西地区的油气勘探工作具有重大意义。  相似文献   

面波频散谱多模式高分辨率成像的多道信号比较法     

易佳  刘伊克  胡昊  张郁山  杨宗奇 《地球物理学报》2021,64(5):1710-1720

高分辨率的面波频散谱成像是浅层地震勘探领域基于频散性质反演横波速度结构中的一个关键步骤.在天然地震探测领域,仅利用两个台站记录的线性信号比较法(LSC),被广泛用来计算面波的频散谱,并用于大尺度的面波层析成像.然而互相关的成像方式会造成频散谱在低频端较低的分辨率.非线性信号比较法(NLSC)利用指数函数克服了这个问题,同时极大地提高了频散谱的成像分辨率.然而,在研究中我们发现,仅利用两个台站的地震记录,并不能将面波的频散特性完整地考虑在内,导致LSC和NLSC方法对高阶模式的成像存在较大的误差.由于主动源面波勘探多道采集的方式,基于信号比较理论的多道信号比较法(MSC)充分利用多道地震信号,可以获得准确的多模式成像,然而该方法需要计算任意两道的频散谱并叠加,存在冗余的计算,导致计算效率较低.因此,本研究对MSC方法进行了相应的改进,通过追踪炮集记录上的面波波组提高了原方法的计算效率,同时,利用理论频散曲线进行叠加分析,验证了改进的MSC方法的正确性和有效性.通过与相移法、LSC和NLSC方法的对比分析,展示了MSC方法是一种准确的、高分辨率的面波多模式频散谱成像方法.实际地震资料的应用,揭示了MSC方法在浅层地震勘探中用于提取面波多模式频散信息的巨大潜力.  相似文献   

Discussion on establishing monitoring networks for temperature fields of shallow thermal energy in Shandong,China     

ZHOU Bo  WEI Shan-ming  WANG Tao  NIE Yu-peng  WANG Chuan-qi 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(1):86-93

In the recent decade, the construction projects related to shallow geothermal energy engineering have undergone rapid development in Shandong Province. The predominant type of these developments and applications was heat exchange through buried tubes and the main targets were residential and office buildings. However, an overwhelming majority of the completed geothermal heat pump projects lacked monitoring devices so that they were unable to comprehensively reflect the background values for the geothermal fields within the province and few researches were conducted on their influence on the geological environment. In this paper, locations for monitoring shallow geothermal energy and their validity of the monitoring point deployment were studied in view of the development and application status as well as geological background conditions of various projects located in multiple cities providing data support for analyzing the fluctuation trend and influence of large-scale shallow geothermal energy applications on the shallow geothermal and the feasibility and parameter designs of newly built systems in Shandong Province in the future.  相似文献   

Characteristics of shallow geothermal fields in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region     

YANG Hai-jun  DONG Jian-xing  SUN Dong  HUANG Rui 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(1):77-85

Based on the project titled "Investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in major cities of Tibet Autonomous Region", the distribution characteristics and occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal fields in these cities were introduced in this paper. To this end, relevant data in Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi Cities through vertical thermometry was a focus, so as to analyze groundwater temperature and the distribution law of strata with constant temperature. Then through comprehensive comparisons and analysis of the relationship between groundwater temperature and climate, differences in this aspect of Nagqu City were taken as a typical case to clarify formation of geothermal field and corresponding influence on groundwater temperature, furthermore providing basic data for rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in Tibet Autonomous Region.  相似文献   

冷水坑银矿田成矿条件及矿床特征     

黄振强 《地质与资源》1993,2(4):284-291

冷水坑中生代陆相火山-次火山岩型银矿田的成矿地质条件,着重论述矿田层控叠加型、斑岩型矿床的分布规律、物质组分、矿化分带等基本地质特征。  相似文献