Water Cycle Analysis of Social and Economic System in Tarim River Basin     

Zhong Ma  Shoujuan Su  Aihua Long  Xiaoxia Zhang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(8):833-841

Water cycle includes natural water circulation and social economic system water cycle. The concept of virtual water provides a new method and means for studying social water circulation. This paper is based on the theory of water circulation in social and economic system, using input-output analysis method quantitatively describes the Tarim River basin of social water cycle paths and analysis of water resources management in Tarim River basin sustainable development process of the key issues. The results show that the main sectors of virtual water export in the Tarim River Basin are agriculture, petroleum, natural gas and food industry. Agricultural water accounts for more than 98% of total water consumption, most of which is transferred to the food and textile industries, and the food industry export water from the agricultural sector. Shandong Province is the largest virtual water transport area in the Tarim River Basin. The main sector of virtual water input in the Tarim River Basin is the metallurgical industry. Finally, in view of the problems arising from the inter-industrial and inter-regional social water circulation in the Tarim River basin, the paper puts forward the ways and strategies of regulating agricultural and industrial water use in the Tarim River Basin.  相似文献   

SensePlace3: a geovisual framework to analyze place–time–attribute information in social media     

Scott Pezanowski  Alan M MacEachren  Alexander Savelyev  Anthony C Robinson 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(5):420-437

SensePlace3 (SP3) is a geovisual analytics framework and web application that supports overview + detail analysis of social media, focusing on extracting meaningful information from the Twitterverse. SP3 leverages social media related to crisis events. It differs from most existing systems by enabling an analyst to obtain place-relevant information from tweets that have implicit as well as explicit geography. Specifically, SP3 includes not just the ability to utilize the explicit geography of geolocated tweets but also analyze implicit geography by recognizing and geolocating references in both tweet text, which indicates locations tweeted about, and in Twitter profiles, which indicates locations affiliated with users. Key features of SP3 reported here include flexible search and filtering capabilities to support information foraging; an ingest, processing, and indexing pipeline that produces near real-time access for big streaming data; and a novel strategy for implementing a web-based multi-view visual interface with dynamic linking of entities across views. The SP3 system architecture was designed to support crisis management applications, but its design flexibility makes it easily adaptable to other domains. We also report on a user study that provided input to SP3 interface design and suggests next steps for effective spatiotemporal analytics using social media sources.  相似文献   

A novel approach to leveraging social media for rapid flood mapping: a case study of the 2015 South Carolina floods     

Zhenlong Li  Cuizhen Wang  Christopher T. Emrich  Diansheng Guo 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(2):97-110

Rapid flood mapping is critical for local authorities and emergency responders to identify areas in need of immediate attention. However, traditional data collection practices such as remote sensing and field surveying often fail to offer timely information during or right after a flooding event. Social media such as Twitter have emerged as a new data source for disaster management and flood mapping. Using the 2015 South Carolina floods as the study case, this paper introduces a novel approach to mapping the flood in near real time by leveraging Twitter data in geospatial processes. Specifically, in this study, we first analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of flood-related tweets using quantitative methods to better understand how Twitter activity is related to flood phenomena. Then, a kernel-based flood mapping model was developed to map the flooding possibility for the study area based on the water height points derived from tweets and stream gauges. The identified patterns of Twitter activity were used to assign the weights of flood model parameters. The feasibility and accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing the model output with official inundation maps. Results show that the proposed approach could provide a consistent and comparable estimation of the flood situation in near real time, which is essential for improving the situational awareness during a flooding event to support decision-making.  相似文献   

基于外部性理论的湿地退化成因分析及对策研究     

肖红叶  房娜娜  戴慧敏  韩晓萌 《地质与资源》2021,30(5):617-622

基于生态经济学中的外部性原理,结合湿地生态系统的准公共物品属性、外部经济性、外部不经济性以及代际外部性等属性,分析湿地退化的成因.结果表明：湿地萎缩加剧、生态服务功能衰退主要是由于人类缺乏对湿地功能与效益的正确认识,以及不合理的利益分配机制导致的成本外溢现象,从事湿地保护的正外部性行为未得到应有的补偿,负外部性行为未付出应有的代价,并提出应建立因地制宜的多元化生态补偿机制.  相似文献   

Integrating farmers’ adaptive knowledge into flood management and adaptation policies in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A social learning perspective     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

Flood management and adaptation are important elements in sustaining farming production in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). While over the past decades hydraulic development introduced by the central government has substantially benefited the rural economy, it has simultaneously caused multiple barriers to rural adaptation. We investigate the relational practices (i.e., learning interactions) taking place within and across the flood management and adaptation boundaries from the perspective of social learning. We explore whether and how adaptive knowledge (i.e., experimental and experiential knowledge) derived from farmers’ everyday adaptation practices contributes to local flood management and adaptation policies in the selected areas. We collected data through nine focus groups with farmers and thirty-three interviews with government officials, environmental scientists, and farmers. Qualitative analysis suggests that such processes are largely shaped by the institutional context where the boundary is embedded. This study found that while the highly bureaucratic operation of flood management creates constraints for feedback, the more informal arrangements set in place at the local level provide flexible platforms conducive to open communication, collaborative learning, and exchange of knowledge among the different actors. This study highlights the pivotal role of shadow systems that provide space for establishing and maintaining informal interactions and relationships between social actors (e.g., interactions between farmers and extension officials) in stimulating and influencing, from the bottom-up, the emergence of adaptive knowledge about flood management and adaptation in a local context.  相似文献   

Wildfire preparedness,community cohesion and social–ecological systems     

Tim Prior  Christine Eriksen 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1575-1586

The consequences of wildfires are felt in susceptible communities around the globe on an annual basis. Climate change predictions in places like the south-east of Australia and western United States suggest that wildfires may become more frequent and more intense with global climate change. Compounding this issue is progressive urban development at the peri-urban fringe (wildland–urban interface), where continued infrastructure development and demographic changes are likely to expose more people and property to this potentially disastrous natural hazard. Preparing well in advance of the wildfire season is seen as a fundamental behaviour that can both reduce community wildfire vulnerability and increase hazard resilience – it is an important element of adaptive capacity that allows people to coexist with the hazardous environment in which they live. We use household interviews and surveys to build and test a substantive model that illustrates how social cohesion influences the decision to prepare for wildfire. We demonstrate that social cohesion, particularly community characteristics like ‘sense of community’ and ‘collective problem solving’, are community-based resources that support both the adoption of mechanical preparations, and the development of cognitive abilities and capacities that reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience to wildfire. We use the results of this work to highlight opportunities to transfer techniques and approaches from natural hazards research to climate change adaptation research to explore how the impacts attributed to the social components of social–ecological systems can be mitigated more effectively.  相似文献   

依法行政从严管矿努力提高矿产资源管理水平     

柏元夫 《南方国土资源》2000,13(2):1-6,29

文章论述了依法行政、从严管矿的必要性、紧迫性、长期性及可行性,提出符合广西情况的对策措施,以确保矿业经济可持续发展.  相似文献   

从人口资源与生态环境的观点分析我国国情与农村经济发展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

周立三 《地理学报》1990,45(3):257-263

本文从人口与资源、生态环境等方面,简要地探讨了我国国情与农村经济发展的趋向,论述了人口与资源、环境的制约因素。认为只有通过严格控制人口,强化人力开发利用;节约资源,增加投入,挖掘潜力;增强环境保护意识,推行综合防治措施等有效途径,辩证地处理好生存与发展的关系,才能保证我国农村经济获得持续稳定协调发展。  相似文献   

厦漳泉地区外向型经济发展的条件与特征分析     

侯晓虹  姚士谋 《热带地理》1994,14(4):336-344

本文分析厦漳泉地区外向型经济发展的基本条件、发展过程，以及近十几年来利用外资的主要特征。在此基础上，对本区进一步加快发展外向型经济的潜在优势进行评述。  相似文献   

我国的经济地域结构与区域能源战略的关系初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李文彦  樊杰 《地理科学》1994,14(3):202-210

  相似文献