黄土高原自然植被下垫面陆面过程参数研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李宏宇  张强  史晋森  赵建华  王胜 《气象学报》2012,70(5):1137-1148

利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站的观测资料,分析了黄土高原自然植被下垫面陆面过程相关物理参数.研究了总体输送系数的不同季节平均日变化和频率分布特征,考察了地表粗糙度的变化趋势以及降水的影响.降水正常年份的总体粗糙度为0.009 m,偏干年份总体粗糙度为0.006 m,月平均粗糙度变化与正常年份相比较为平缓,降水通过增加植被覆盖和生长高度,使地表粗糙度增大.对总体输送系数与粗糙度以及总体理查森数的关系分别进行了讨论,在中性层结下黄土高原地区动力输送作用占主导地位,发现动量总体输送系数和奈曼流动沙丘下垫面很接近,而感热输送系数与戈壁下垫面接近.分析了反照率和太阳高度角以及土壤湿度的关系,并拟合得到以这两个物理量为因子的参数化公式.总体上,黄土高原自然植被下垫面的反照率比敦煌荒漠小,而大于长白山松林下垫面,这与3个地区植被覆盖和土壤质地的不同有关.通过对参数化公式模拟效果的检验,发现低太阳高度角下的反照率对土壤湿度和太阳高度角以外的其他因素敏感,而对应高太阳高度角的反照率受土壤湿度和太阳高度角的控制较强.最后,计算了土壤热传导率和热扩散率等土壤热力参数,相同湿度的热传导率比敦煌荒漠要大,并拟合得到热传导率以土壤湿度为自变量的参数化公式.  相似文献   

CLM3.5模式对青藏高原玛曲站陆面过程的数值模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈渤黎  吕世华  罗斯琼 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1511-1522

利用通用陆面过程模式(CLM3.5)和青藏高原玛曲站2010年6月-2011年2月的观测资料进行了9个月的单点数值模拟试验。通过比较辐射通量、能量通量、土壤温度及土壤含水量的模拟值和观测值,结果表明,CLM3.5模式能较成功地模拟玛曲地区的陆面能量与水分特征。该模式对夏季向上短波辐射的模拟较好,冬季整体偏小。向上长波辐射的模拟整体较好,但模拟值稍偏大。净辐射的模拟整体较好,模拟值与观测值的相关系数为0.99,偏差为-1.28 W.m-2。感热通量的模拟较差,整体显著偏高。潜热通量的模拟较好,随季节变化特征明显。土壤热通量的模拟夏季较好,冬季土壤冻结及消融期的偏差较大,主要原因与冬季模拟的积雪偏少有关。土壤温度的模拟夏季较好、冬季较差,6层土壤温度模拟值与观测值的相关系数均在0.98以上,平均偏差为-1.80℃。模式较好地模拟出了冬季土壤冻结后存留的未冻水,冻结后土壤含水量的模拟较该模式以前的版本有了很大的改善,6层土壤含水量模拟值与观测值的平均相关系数为0.94,平均偏差为-0.015m3.m-3。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率遥感影像的农村集体土地建设用地管理技术方法研究     

贾文珏  吴其斌  张敬波  陈建忠 《国土资源信息化》2012,(2):49-54

明晰集体土地产权,加快推进农村集体土地确权登记发证是当前国土资源管理中的一项重要任务。我国农村集体土地建设用地具有分布广、范围大、分散凌乱等特点,如果按照城镇地籍调查规程开展农村地籍调查,则面临着基础薄、任务重、投入高、时间紧等问题。为此,本文提出一套以高分辨率遥感影像为底图,快速绘制农村集体土地建设用地地块图形、并与实地丈量的边长、面积等属性数据关联、实现图属一体化管理的技术方法,并进行了精度评定试验。基于该技术开发了农村集体土地建设用地数据库建库工具和管理系统,实现了网络化农村集体土地建设用地管理,并在三个试点地区得到较好的应用。  相似文献   

从土壤腐殖质分组到分子有机质组学认识土壤有机质本质   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘根兴  丁元君  陈硕桐  孙景玲  冯潇  张晨  Marios Doross  郑聚锋  张旭辉  程琨  刘晓雨  卞荣军  李恋卿 《地球科学进展》2019,(5):451-470

梳理了与土壤生态系统功能相联系的,特别是对固碳减排的土壤有机质本质认识的研究进展及路径,探讨了经典腐殖质学说存在的问题,概述了新近的有机质保护稳定学说及腐殖质组学学说,并追溯了生物标志物有机质分子研究,最后从土壤学的基本理念和理论出发讨论和重新认识土壤有机质的本质及其价值。从形成条件、分离条件和分子鉴定等多方面分析,土壤腐殖质形成和稳定学说越来越显示出局限性;而面向气候变化的碳固定研究可以深入探析土壤有机质的复杂存在状态。越来越认识到土壤有机质是投入土壤的有机物质经不同程度生物利用或降解的产物残留,只是被土壤不同程度地区隔和封闭,本质上仍是分子量变化极大的生命源有机物的集合。因此,可通过生物标志物分子作为靶标在土壤中提取和识别,该技术的发展将孕育萌生土壤有机质分子组学。后者可以用于判读土壤有机质的结构支撑、反应活性和促生功能等方面的本质差别,这些差别可能是由有机分子组成结构及存在状态所决定而不是由有机分子稳定性决定的。从这个概念出发,类似于土壤微生物分子生态,土壤有机质的丰度、组成、结构与功能间的联系可能是土壤有机质本质的核心问题。对这种关系的量化和参数化表征可用以探索土壤有机质永续固定,且可以保持生命活性的土壤有机质的管理策略及技术,并配合土壤的团聚体理论诠释土壤的本质和生态系统功能服务,这将是未来土壤学服务人类可持续发展的理论立足点。  相似文献   

Effects of Activated Irrigation Water on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Crop Growth and Analysis of the Probable Pathway   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Quanjiu Wang  Yan Sun  Songrui Ning  Jihong Zhang  Beibei Zhou  Lijun Su  Yuyang Shan 《地球科学进展》2019,34(6):660-670

With the problem of shortage of water resources becoming increasingly prominent, the improvement of production efficiency of agricultural water resources in China has become an important research content of modern irrigated agriculture. The technology of activated irrigation water provides a new way to excavate the physiological production potential of irrigation water and improve the comprehensive efficacy of irrigation water in agro-ecosystems. In this study, the research progress of the variable characteristics of physicochemical properties of activated irrigation water, the transport and transformation of soil material by activated irrigation water, and the promotion of crop growth by activated irrigation water were comprehensively analyzed. On this basis, according to the basic theories of soil physics, crop physiology, and material transport dynamics, the effects of activated irrigation water on soil material transport, soil material transformation, water and nutrition uptake by root, and crop yield formation and the probable pathway were analyzed. The key problems of basic science and applied technology in the future research are put forward to provide reference for the scientific and reasonable utilization of activated irrigation water technology.  相似文献   

土壤水分特征曲线在天然气水合物开采数值模拟中的应用探讨     

万庭辉  李占钊  王静丽  陆程  马超 《地下水》2019,(1):4-6

在使用TOUGH+HYDRATE程序进行水合物开采数值模拟时常用van Genuchten模型计算毛管力,而毛管力大小直接影响水合物开采过程中的产气和产水,因此在数值模拟过程中正确选用模型参数尤为必要。我国某海域天然气水合物储层为未胶结泥质粉砂储层,常规的毛管力测定方法如压汞法、离心法等对该类岩心并不适用,如何测定该类岩心的毛管力并将其应用于van Genuchten模型参数选取具有重要意义。本文探讨了如何应用土壤水分特征曲线测定实验间接获取该类岩心的毛管力数据,为验证该方法的可行性,本文对参考文献[7]中公开的粉砂土壤水分特征曲线测定实验数据进行换算和拟合后得到T+H程序所需的van Genuchten模型参数,结果可为泥质粉砂储层水合物产能研究工作提供参考。  相似文献   

Experimental study on unsaturated soil water diffusivity in different soils in Hebei Piedmont Plain     

GAO Ye-xin  LIU Ji-chao  FENG Xin  ZHANG Ying-ping  ZHANG Bing 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(2):165-172

Horizontal soil column method was used to determine the horizontal diffusion rate of sandy loam, loam and clay loam under the same bulk density. The results showed that the migration rates of different lithological wet fronts were different. The sandy loam had the fastest migration rate, the loam followed, and the clay loam was the slowest, but the law of change is the same among the three lithologies. The volumetric water content affects the change of Boltzmann parameter λ. When the volumetric water content is between 0.35-0.45 cm~3/cm~3, λ approaches stability. When the volumetric water content is less than 0.35 cm~3/cm~3, the λ value decreases rapidly with the decrease of water content. The water diffusion rate is related to the volumetric water content and particle size. The greater the moisture content is, the greater the diffusion rate will be. The larger the particle size, the larger the diffusion rate. The diffusivity of sandy loam is 10-30 times larger than that of loam and clay loam. The relationship between water content and diffusion rate is in accordance with the exponential function.  相似文献   

SOIL EROSION PROCESS RESEARCH AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON EROSION PREDICTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT     

Chi-hua HUANG Fenli ZHENG 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(4):350-357

During the past 50 years, many research efforts have been invested in understanding soil erosion process and development of erosion prediction models at various scales. This paper briefly introduces the erosion process and prediction model development in the USA. Especially, this paper focuses on discussing potential impacts of the erosion process on erosion model development, and future directions of the soil erosion process research and process- based model development. 1 DEVELOPMENT O…  相似文献   

Carbon losses in soils previously exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂ in a chaparral ecosystem: Potential implications for a sustained biospheric C sink     

Rebecca J. Trueman  Lina Taneva  Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler  Walter C. Oechel  Hormoz BassiriRad 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,102(3):142

Between 1996 and 2001 an experimental set up in a chaparral community near San Diego, CA, examined various plant and ecosystem responses to CO₂ concentrations ranging from 250 to 750 μl l^− 1. These experiments indicated a significant increase in soil C sequestration as CO₂ rose above the ambient levels. In 2003, two years after the cessation of the CO₂ treatments, we returned to this site to examine soil C dynamics with a particular emphasis on stability of specific pools of C. We found that in as little as two years, C content in the surface soils (0–15 cm) of previously CO₂ enriched plots had dropped to levels below those of the ambient and pretreatment soils. In contrast, C retained in response to CO₂ enrichment was more durable in the deeper soil layers (> 25 cm deep) where both organic and inorganic C were on average 26% and 55% greater, respectively, than C content of ambient plots. Using stable isotope tracers, we found that treatment C represented 25% of total soil C and contributed to 55% of soil CO₂ efflux, suggesting that most of treatment C is readily accessible to decomposers. We also found that, C present before CO₂ fumigation was decomposed at a faster rate in the plots that were exposed to elevated CO₂ than in those exposed to ambient CO₂ levels. To our knowledge, this is the first report that allows for a detail accounting of soil C after ceasing CO₂ treatments. Our study provides a unique insight to how stable the accrued soil C is as CO₂ increases in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Quantification of vanadium adsorption by German soils     

H.-E. Gäbler  K. Glüh  A. Bahr  J. Utermann 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009

Vanadium adsorption by soils representing different soil types from Germany has been studied. For 30 soils ‘Freundlich’ type sorption isotherms have been deduced from laboratory vanadium(V) adsorption experiments. The native adsorbed vanadium quantity of a soil (S₀) and the Freundlich parameters m and log k have been determined by non linear regression of the experimental data to the Freundlich model. Pronounced differences in vanadium adsorption of different soils exist and could be quantified. The vanadium adsorption data could be generalized by grouping the soils into four classes according to their vanadium adsorption properties. For each class (sandy soils, top soils, sub soils with pH < 5.5, and sub soils with pH > 5.5) mean Freundlich parameters m and log k have been calculated to be 0.59, 0.72, 0.52, 0.57 and 2.55, 2.89, 4.29, 3.41, respectively. These parameters can be used to estimate vanadium sorption properties of soils for which no vanadium sorption experiments are available. Aqua regia soluble vanadium contents of the studied soils (range 1.7–143 mg/kg; median 32 mg/kg) and leached vanadium concentrations from experiments without vanadium addition (range 0.08–37 µg/l; median 2.1 µg/l) are also given.  相似文献