烃源岩有机碳含量恢复探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张辉  彭平安 《地球化学》2011,40(1):56-62

本项研究结合不同类型岩石的压实模型,根据干酪根有机质质量和有机碳质量损失动力学参数,计算出岩石的有机质、碳质量损失转化率,根据岩石的孔隙度Φ以及岩石质量和有机质质量比影响,用动力学计算出了两种类型烃源岩在开放体系和封闭体系下的有机碳恢复系数.碎屑岩正常成岩压实作用模型研究表明,在开放体系下Ⅰ、Ⅱ型有机质的有机碳恢复系数...  相似文献   

海相油页岩的生烃动力学特征——以燕山地区下马岭组油页岩为例     

刘岩  钟宁宁  宋涛  田永晶  韩辉  朱雷 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,(Z1):78-84,113

油页岩是未来重要的补充与替代能源。通过开放体系程序升温热模拟实验,对燕山地区下马岭组海相油页岩进行了研究。结果表明:其热裂解反应主要发生在440～480℃,表观生烃活化能集中分布于170～290 kJ/mol,主峰约为240 kJ/mol,明显高于陆相油页岩(抚顺油页岩和茂名油页岩),而与下古生界海相烃源岩(甘肃平凉奥陶系灰岩及爱沙尼亚奥陶系Kukersite油页岩)活化能分布范围及主峰位置相似。以ICP技术规范为例,在相同热历史条件下,通过数值模拟认识到下马岭组海相油页岩主生烃温度为275～325℃,高于湖相油页岩(265～305℃),而与下古生界海相烃源岩相似,表明其可能具有与古生界海相有机质相似的生烃机理。  相似文献   

济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩二次生烃及其动力学研究     

耿新华  耿安松 《海相油气地质》2011,16(1):56-62

以济阳坳陷下古生界海相碳酸盐岩作为研究重点,用生烃动力学方法来研究碳酸盐岩生油气过程,对各组分的生烃动力学参数进行标定,并应用热解动力学参数确定海相碳酸盐岩的生烃定量方法.在此基础上进行二次生烃动力学特征和生烃史研究,探讨下古生界碳酸盐岩的生烃潜力.燕山期古地热场具有高地温梯度和高大地热流分布广泛的特征,是古生界二次生...  相似文献   

浒苔对不同氮源吸收特性的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴婷  田小亭  刘召辉  石晓勇  史华明 《海洋科学》2011,35(4):51-54

采用Michaelis-Menten动力学方法,研究了浒苔对NO<,3>-N、NH<,4>-N和CO(NH<,2>)<,2>吸收利用关系.结果显示,浒苔对三种不同氮源的K<,s>(表观米氏常数)大小顺序为:NO<,3>-N>NH<,4>-N>CO(NH<,2>)<,2>,表明浒苔对有机氮的亲和力大于对无机氮的亲和力,且...  相似文献   

Tentative kinetic model for dolomite precipitation rate and its application to dolomite distribution     

Rolf S. Arvidson  Fred T. Mackenzie 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1996,2(3):273-298

The dolomite problem has a long history and remains one of the most intensely studied and debated topics in geology. Major amounts of dolomite are not directly forming today from seawater. This observation has led many investigators to develop geochemical/hydrologic models for dolomite formation in diagenetic environments. A fundamental limitation of the current models for the growth of sedimentary dolomite is the dearth of kinetic information for this phase, in contrast to that available for calcite and aragonite.We present a simple kinetic model describing dolomite growth as a function of supersaturation using data from published high temperature synthesis experiments and our own experimental results. This model is similar in form to empirical models used to describe precipitation and dissolution rates of other carbonate minerals. Despite the considerable uncertainties and assumptions implicit in this approach, the model satisfies a basic expectation of classical precipitation theory, i.e., that the distance from equilibrium is a basic driving force for reaction rate. The calculated reaction order is high (~ 3), and the combined effect of high order and large activation energy produces a very strong dependence of the rate on temperature and the degree of supersaturation of aqueous solutions with respect to this phase.Using the calculated parameters, we applied the model to well-documented case studies of sabkha dolomite at Abu Dhabi (Persian Gulf), and organogenic dolomite from the Gulf of California. Growth rates calculated from the model agree with independent estimates of the age of these dolomites to well within an order of magnitude. A comparison of precipitation rates in seawater also shows the rate of dolomite precipitation to converge strongly with that of calcite with increasing temperature. If correct, this result implies that dolomite may respond to relatively modest warming of surface environments by substantial increases in accumulation rate, and suggests that the distribution of sedimentary dolomite in the rock record may be to some extent a temperature signal.  相似文献   

The importance of the petrophysical properties and external factors in the stone decay on monuments     

Claude Hammecker 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(2):337-361

In this paper it is proposed to quantify the importance of some physical parameters responsible for stone decay on monuments. The most common decay process is the crystallisation of salt near the surface of the rocks or inside their porous network. Therefore, the water balance in rocks submitted to these special saturation and position conditions has been studied specifically, using the general concepts of water transfer in unsaturated porous media, and using the capillary imbibition kinetics of different rocks. Different parameters have been taken into account for the calculation of the salt crystallisation position: on one hand, several external parameters such as relative humidity, air convection and the presence of solute in solution, and on the other hand, the intrinsic water transfer properties of the rocks. Their relative importance is discussed, considering the potential values that each parameter can reach in nature.  相似文献   

A Study on Hydrocarbon—Generating Potential and Kinetics of Source—Rock Pyrolysis     

查明  毛超林等 《中国地球化学学报》1995,14(3):256-263

A study on the potential and kinetics of hydrocarborn(HC) generation of 30 source-rock samples from a certain depression has been made by means of ROCK-EVAL technique .In the pyrolysis experiment, the source material types, maturation and hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks from three Upper Jurassic horizons of that area have been evaluated in terms of such indicators as the type-index, hydrocarbon-generating potential and maximum pyrolysis temperaturw(Tmax) .The results show that the pyrolysis HC yield of immature source rocks is much higher than that of mature rocks in case that the source mateuial is of high quantity and organic matter is abundant, which suggests that it is important for evaluating the HC-generating potential to use immature samples for pyrolysis.In the pyrolytic simulation experiments on other two immature samples,it was found that the hydrocarbon yield is temperature-dependent, and thereafter the kinetical parameters for source rocks, such as reactional grade, appearant activation energy and frequency factor were calculated.  相似文献   

水－岩反应实验研究现状与进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨荣兴  张荣华 《现代地质》1995,9(4):419-422

水－岩反应实验研究是地学界瞩目的前缘课题之一。开放的流动体系水－岩（矿物）反应动力学实验和水－岩（矿物）界面地球化学及表面特性的研究，是该领域取得的最重要的进展。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Experimental Procedures and Discussion of Two Different Modelling Approaches with Respect to Long-term Kinetics of Metal Cation Sorption onto (Hydr)oxide Surfaces     

Johannes Lützenkirchen 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2001,7(3):217-235

Experimental procedures as well as literature data and modelling of long-term kinetics of metal ion adsorption processes onto thermodynamically stable (hydr)oxide surfaces from aqueous solution are evaluated. It is concluded that when experimental uptake data are obtained by the solution depletion method precise information on experimental procedures is crucial. This is true both for preliminary kinetics studies (which intend to fix an equilibration time used for subsequent thermodynamic studies) and for true kinetic studies. For the usually given adsorption versus time curves the corresponding (possibly changing) values of pH should be added. The use of sorption pH edges measured at different times to obtain kinetics curves at constant pH may not correspond to the actual behaviour of the system but be rather an artificial construct.Concerning the models two basically different mechanisms have been used to account for the slow sorption step, which occurs in long-term studies: intraparticle diffusion of the adsorbing metal cation and slow redistribution of surface species. It is shown that the two mechanisms cannot be distinguished using macroscopic uptake data alone: data, which have been interpreted using one approach, may equally well be interpreted using the other one.  相似文献   

Surface Charge Concentrations on Silica in Different 1.0 M Metal-Chloride Background Electrolytes and Implications for Dissolution Rates     

Magnus Karlsson  Colin Craven  Patricia M. Dove  William H. Casey 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2001,7(1):13-32

The empirical rate laws formulated to describe the dissolution rates of oxide minerals include the surface charge concentration that results from the protonation and deprotonation of surface functional groups. Previous experiments on quartz and silica have shown that dissolution rates vary as a function of different background electrolyte solutions, however, such experiments are often conducted at elevated temperatures where it is difficult to estimate surface charge along with the dissolution rates. In the present study we measuresurface charge concentrations for silica in different electrolyte solutions at 298 K in order to quantify the extent to which the different counterions could affect the dissolution rates through their influence on the surface charge concentrations. The experimental solutions in the electrolyte series: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CaCl₂, SrCl₂ and BaCl₂ were prepared to maintain a constant metal concentration of 1.0 M. For the alkali-metal chlorides, the surface charge concentrations correlate with the size of the hydrated alkali metal, consistent with the idea that these counterions affect charge via outer-sphere coordination that shield proton surface complexes from one another. The reactivity trend for alkaline-earth cations is less clear, but the data demonstrate distinct differences in the acid-base propertiesof the silica surface in these different electrolytes. We then discuss how these trends are manifested in the rate equations used to interpret dissolution experiments.  相似文献