Magma plumbing system of the 2000 eruption of Miyakejima Volcano, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mizuho Amma-Miyasaka  Mitsuhiro Nakagawa  Setsuya Nakada 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(3):254-267

During the 2000 eruption at Miyakejima Volcano, two magmas with different compositions erupted successively from different craters. Magma erupted as spatter from the submarine craters on 27 June is aphyric basaltic andesite (<5 vol% phenocrysts, 51.4–52.2 wt% SiO₂), whereas magma issued as volcanic bombs from the summit caldera on 18 August is plagioclase-phyric basalt (20 vol% phenocrysts, 50.8–51.3 wt% SiO₂). The submarine spatter contains two types of crystal-clots, A-type and A-type (andesitic type). The phenocryst assemblages (plagioclase, pyroxenes and magnetite) and compositions of clinopyroxene in these clots are nearly the same, but only A-type clots contain Ca-poor plagioclase (An < 70). We consider that the A-type clots could have crystallized from a more differentiated andesitic magma than the A-type clots, because FeO*/MgO is not strongly influenced during shallow andesitic differentiation. The summit bombs contain only B-type (basaltic type) crystal-clots of Ca-rich plagioclase, olivine and clinopyroxene. The A-type and B-type clots have often coexisted in Miyakejima lavas of the period 1469–1983, suggesting that the magma storage system consists of independent batches of andesitic and basaltic magmas. According to the temporal variations of mineral compositions in crystal-clots, the andesitic magma became less evolved, and the basaltic magma more evolved, over the past 500 years. We conclude that gradually differentiating basaltic magma has been repeatedly injected into the shallower andesitic magma over this period, causing the andesitic magma to become less evolved with time. The mineral chemistries in crystal-clots of the submarine spatter and 18 August summit bombs of the 2000 eruption fall on the evolution trends of the A-type and B-type clots respectively, suggesting that the shallow andesitic and deeper basaltic magmas existing since 1469 had successively erupted from different craters. The 2000 summit collapse occurred due to drainage of the andesitic magma from the shallower chamber; as the collapse occurred, it may have caused disruption of crustal cumulates which then contaminated the ascending, deeper basalt. Thus, porphyritic basaltic magma could erupt alone without mixing with the andesitic magma from the summit caldera. The historical magma plumbing system of Miyakejima was probably destroyed during the 2000 eruption, and a new one may now form.Editorial responsibility: S Nakada, T Druitt  相似文献   

Rhinocerotid tooth enamel 18O/16O variability between 23 and 12 Ma in southwestern France     

Ilhem Bentaleb  Cyril Langlois  Céline Martin  Paula Iacumin  Matthieu Carré  Pierre-Olivier Antoine  Francis Duranthon  Issam Moussa  Jean-Jacques Jaeger  Nicholas Barrett  Ron Kandorp 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2006,338(3):172-179

The relationship between the oxygen isotope ratio of mammal tooth enamel and that of drinking water was used to reconstruct changes in the Miocene oxygen isotope ratio of rainfall (meteoric water ${\delta }^{18}$O_MW). These, in turn, are related to climatic parameters (temperature, precipitation and evaporation rate). ${\delta }^{18}$O values of rhinocerotid teeth from the Aquitaine Basin (southwestern France) suggest a significant climatic change between 17 and 12 Ma, characterized by cooling together with precipitation increase, in agreement with other terrestrial and oceanic records. To cite this article: I. Bentaleb et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).  相似文献   

Constructing regional advantage in non-metropolitan regions: A comparison between La Pocatière (Canada) and Tromsø (Norway)     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):144-154

The construction of regional advantage has recently been emphasized by scholars as a new way of increasing firms’ competitiveness in a globalizing and learning economy. This article compares the construction of regional advantage and the development paths of specific industries in two different types of non-metropolitan regions, La Pocatière in Canada and Tromsø in Norway. The authors observe a higher level of industrial dynamism in La Pocatière than in Tromsø. They find four explanations for this variation: (1) a narrower regional innovation system (RIS) in Tromsø; (2) the fact that the target industry in Tromsø (marine biotechnology) is, in general, more difficult to develop outside metropolitan regions than the diverse mechanical engineering industry found in La Pocatière; (3) a biased focus on the development of research-based knowledge and academic spin-offs in Tromsø compared with a more varied set of strategies used in La Pocatière; and (4) La Pocatière's location in proximity to the Quebec metropolitan region.  相似文献   

Apatite as a monitor of late-stage magmatic processes at Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jeremy W. Boyce  Richard L. Hervig 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(2):135-145

Apatite phenocrysts from the 1963 and 1723 eruptions of Irazú volcano (Costa Rica) record a volatile evolution history that confirms previous melt inclusion studies, and provides additional information concerning the relative and absolute timing of subvolcanic magmatic events. Measurements of H, Cl, and F by secondary ion mass spectrometry reveal multiple populations of apatite in both 1723 and 1963 magmas. Assuming nominal apatite/melt partition coefficients allows us to compare the pattern of melt inclusions and apatites in ternary space, demonstrating the fidelity of the record preserved in apatite, and revealing a complex history of magma mixing with at least two components. The preservation of heterogeneous populations of apatite and of internally heterogeneous crystals requires short timescales (days to years) for these magmatic processes to occur.  相似文献   

内蒙古巴彦敖包地区安格尔音乌拉组地层锂土壤地球化学异常成因研究     

金松  梁秋生 《化工矿产地质》2019,(2):82-89

内蒙古巴彦敖包地区广泛出露上泥盆统安格尔音乌拉组地层,1∶5万土壤地球化学测量工作圈定的31处锂单元素异常与安格尔音乌拉组地层分布范围吻合良好。安格尔音乌拉组地层锂元素的富集与该套地层的原生沉积作用密切相关,未发生次生富集。通过对安格尔音乌拉组地层碎屑物源区及沉积作用的研究,认为其锂元素物质来源与镁铁质火山岩中锂元素的侵蚀溶出有关。溶出的锂元素被碎屑物中的粘土矿物吸附随后沉积成岩造成区内广泛分布的锂土壤地球化学异常。进而做出推断,研究区内晚泥盆世甚至更早存在大规模中基性火山活动,应该存在大规模古火山机构。提出一种新的沉积型锂矿成矿模式,即古火山机构周边的粘土矿物含量较高的碎屑岩层位在一定构造背景及沉积环境下可以具备锂元素富集成矿的条件。  相似文献   

熊耳山地区内生金矿床成矿系列     

葛良胜 《地质与资源》1994,3(2):114-122

按容矿空间和控矿因素,可将熊耳山地区内生金矿床划分为角砾岩型、构造破碎带蚀变岩型、石英脉型及由不同控矿因素复合控制的复合类型等。空间上不同类型之间具有密切的共生过渡关系。太华群原岩中的金在变质热液作用下被活化迁移至有利的构造部位,发生局部富集,形成"矿胚"或"矿胚"的发展,并为后期岩浆热液再次搬运,参与成矿。燕山中晚期钙碱性岩浆岩具较大的成矿能力,是本区金矿床的主要矿源。不同类型矿床稳定同位素及包裹体特征具相似的变化特点,分析表明,成矿流体主要源自岩浆,在成矿早期和晚期,不同地区可能有不同程度的变质水或大气水加入。作者认为,区内不同类型的金矿床是在统一的大地构造环境和成矿背景中形成的,有统一的矿质和介质来源,具相同或相似的成因,以发育角砾岩型金矿床为特点,以构造破碎带蚀变岩和角砾岩型为主要矿床类型,形成一个特定的矿床组合,即熊耳山地区内生金矿床系列。  相似文献   

Renewed uplift at the Yellowstone Caldera measured by leveling surveys and satellite radar interferometry     

Daniel Dzurisin  Charles Wicks Jr.  Wayne Thatcher 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(6):349-355

 A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September 1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year) and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995 to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993 to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems. Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999  相似文献   

Kīlauea summit overflows: their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i     

David A. Clague  Jonathan T. Hagstrum  Duane E. Champion  Melvin H. Beeson 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(6):363-381

 The tube-fed pāhoehoe lava flows covering much of the northeast flank of Kīlauea Volcano are named the 'Ailā'au flows. Their eruption age, based on published and six new radiocarbon dates, is approximately AD 1445. The flows have distinctive paleomagnetic directions with steep inclinations (40°–50°) and easterly declinations (0°–10°E). The lava was transported ∼40 km from the vent to the coast in long, large-diameter lava tubes; the longest tube (Kazumura Cave) reaches from near the summit to within several kilometers of the coast near Kaloli Point. The estimated volume of the 'Ailā'au flow field is 5.2±0.8 km³, and the eruption that formed it probably lasted for approximately 50 years. Summit overflows from Kīlauea may have been nearly continuous between approximately AD 1290 and 1470, during which time a series of shields formed at and around the summit. The 'Ailā'au shield was either the youngest or the next to youngest in this series of shields. Site-mean paleomagnetic directions for lava flows underlying the 'Ailā'au flows form only six groups. These older pāhoehoe flows range in age from 2750 to <18,000 BP, and the region was inundated by lava flows only three times in the past 5000 years. The known intervals between eruptive events average ∼1600 years and range from ∼1250 years to >2200 years. Lava flows from most of these summit eruptions also reached the coast, but none appears as extensive as the 'Ailā'au flow field. The chemistry of the melts erupted during each of these summit overflow events is remarkably similar, averaging approximately 6.3 wt.% MgO near the coast and 6.8 wt.% MgO near the summit. The present-day caldera probably formed more recently than the eruption that formed the 'Ailā'au flows (estimated termination ca. AD 1470). The earliest explosive eruptions that formed the Keanakāko'i Ash, which is stratigraphically above the 'Ailā'au flows, cannot be older than this age. Received: 10 October 1998 / Accepted: 12 May 1999  相似文献   

Evolution of the seismic activity from the 1982 eruption of El Chichon Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico     

Z. Jiménez  V. H. Espíndola  J. M. Espíndola 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(6):411-422

 We analyzed more than 1700 earthquakes related to the 1982 eruption of El Chichon volcano in southern Mexico. The data were recorded at specific periods throughout the whole eruptive interval of March to April 1982, by three different networks. The seismic activity began several months before the first eruption on 28 March. During this period the seismicity consisted of hybrid and long-period shallow earthquakes most likely related to processes of faulting, fracturing, and fluid movement underneath the volcano. The foci of events occurring before the eruption circumscribe an aseismic zone from approximately 7 to 13 km below the volcano. After the eruption, the seismic activity consisted of tectonic-type earthquakes that peaked at 1200 events/h. This later activity occurred over a wide range of depths, mostly between 5 and 20 km, that includes the former aseismic zone and is roughly limited by the major tectonic faults in the area. Received: 19 May 1998 / Accepted: 13 June 1999  相似文献   

Magma ascent beneath Unzen Volcano, SW Japan, deduced from the electrical resistivity structure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Kagiyama  H. Utada  T. Yamamoto 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1999,89(1-4)

The resistivity structure of Unzen Volcano has been revealed by extensive magnetotelluric surveys since the first eruption on November 17, 1990. This structure comprises a highly resistive surface layer, a low-resistive second layer at several hundred meters depth, interpreted as a water-saturated layer, a resistive third layer, and a low-resistive fourth layer at 10 km depth, possibly related to the deep magmatic activity. The structure has influenced the volcanic activity of Unzen. This activity was characterized by a series of dramatic changes in eruption type: a minor phreatic eruption on November 17, 1990; phreatic eruptions after February 12, 1991, preceded by several weeks of volcanic tremor; phreatomagmatic eruptions after April 9, and dome effusion beginning May 19, 1991. This paper presents a hypothesis in which the top of the magma column rose about 20 m/day, reached the base of the water-saturated layer at the end of January, 1991, and approached the upper boundary of this layer on April 9. Thus, the temporal change of eruption type and associated phenomena are systematically explained by an interaction between magma and groundwater contained in the saturated layer.  相似文献