Sources and chronology of fifteen elements in the sediments of lakes affected by metal deposition in a mining area     

Yves?CouillardEmail author  Antonella?Cattaneo  Céline?Gallon  Michel?Courcelles 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):97-114

Sources and chronologies of metal contamination were studied in sediment cores of three lakes of the Rouyn-Noranda mining area (Québec, Canada) affected by atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic contaminants. One of the three lakes also received acid mine drainage. The sediments were dated using ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs and analysed for stable Pb isotope ratios and for total concentrations of 15 elements (Ag, Al, Au, Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti, Zn). Stable lead isotopic signatures helped to determine the quantitative contributions of different industrial Pb sources to our sampling sites. This source apportionment showed the dominant influence of the Rouyn-Noranda copper smelter in airborne Pb emissions for the decades following 1926, when industrialization began in the region. The smelter source had a low ratio of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ranging between 0.90 and 1.05, as typical of the Abitibi Archean sulphides. The relationships between element (metal) sedimentary fluxes and anthropogenic Pb fluxes allowed us to infer the origin of the anthropogenic source. These relationships strongly suggest that the copper smelter was (and may still be) an atmospheric source of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Hg to the surrounding lakes. Our study indicates that the efforts made by the Rouyn-Noranda copper smelter to reduce airborne emissions of metals have been translated in reduced atmospheric metal loadings to the surrounding lakes.  相似文献   

青海东部过马营-同仁花岗岩带地质地球化学特征     

郝太平 《青海国土经略》1992,(2)

通过对过马营-同仁一带侵位于晚三叠世陆相火山岩中的印支期花岗岩类杂岩体的岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学、稀土元素定量模拟、Sr 同位素资料的初步研究,结合大地构造背景分析认为该杂岩体属壳型或S 型花岗岩类,由于岩浆成分受陆壳源岩成分的控制,又具有过渡型或同熔型花岗岩的某些特点。  相似文献   

震源体破裂行为的重整化群方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨国栋  郭大庆 《华南地震》1997,17(2):1-8

应用重整化群方法对一维、二维和三维震源体的破裂问题进行了研究，得到了一维、二维和三辰原体破裂的临界概率值分别国０．２０６３、０．１７０７和０．１５９９，相关长度指数分别为１．４３８８、０．８０８４和０．５７５７。进而由此揭示了临界概率和相关长度指数随维数增大而减少的变化规律。  相似文献   

Paleoenvironments, organic petrology and Rock-Eval studies on source rock facies of the Lower Maastrichtian Patti Formation, southern Bida Basin, Nigeria     

S.O. Akande  O.J. Ojo  B.D. Erdtmann  M. Hetenyi 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2005,41(5):91

The southern Bida Basin in central Nigeria forms a part of the larger Bida or Middle Niger Basin, which is contiguous with the south east trending (petroliferous) Anambra Basin. These basins were major depocenters for Campanian–Maastrichtian sediments in southern and central Nigeria prior to the build up of the Tertiary Niger delta. The successions in the southern Bida Basin consist of the basal Lokoja Formation, overlain by the Patti Formation and capped by the Agbaja Formation. The Lokoja Formation is a sequence of matrix supported conglomerates and sandstones overlying the Pre-Cambrian to Lower Paleozoic basement. Depositional environments are predominantly within fluvial systems of a continental setting. The Patti Formation consists of dark grey carbonaceous shales; mudstone and siltstones representing flood plains to shallow marine deposits with likely organic rich intervals. The overlying Agbaja Formation is made up of ferruginised oolitic and kaolinitic mudstone of a marginal marine environment. Twenty samples of shales of the Patti Formation were studied by incident light microscopy and geochemical analysis to determine the maceral components, geochemical type and potential yield of the pyrolysate. Maceral analysis indicate a large abundance of vitrinite (50–85%; mean = 66%); moderate abundance of liptinites (10–33%; mean = 18%) and lesser amounts of inertinite (9–40%; mean = 16%). Total organic carbon (TOC) values vary from 0.17 to 3.8 wt.% (mean = 2.1 wt.%) with most samples having greater than 2 wt.% TOC. Three of the samples yield greater than 2 kg_(HC)/ton of rock suggesting a fair source rock potential. Most of the samples are thermally immature to marginally mature with vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.4 to 0.6% R_om and T_max values of 407–426 °C. Given the prevalence of the humic Type III kerogen, maturity and hydrocarbon potential yields, we conclude that the Patti Formation source rock facies have moderate to fair potential for gaseous hydrocarbons which have not yet been generated at the present day outcrop levels but could be important gas source where buried down-dip.  相似文献   

关于有限断层计算模型的研究——考虑位错时、空不均匀分布的滑动时间函数   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张冬丽  陶夏新  周正华 《地震工程学报》2005,27(3):193-198

断层面上某一点的滑动时间函数需要用三个参数来表达:断层的平均位错量、上升时间和破裂传播的时间延迟。本文基于有限断层模型,根据断层面上每个子源的位错量时、空不均匀分布特征,采用Brune模型系统确定了相应滑动时间函数的三个参数,构建了位错量呈时、空不均匀分布的有限断层滑动模型。该方法可以表现破裂面上断层位错量在时间和空间上分布的不均匀特征,既能够表现震源的复杂性同时又能够简化震源模型的构建过程,为考虑断层附近的强地震动数值模拟计算提供了有效的途径。  相似文献   

南鄱阳坳陷乐探1井原油树皮煤成油的地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

杨斌  马孝祥  周松源  覃军  唐协华 《海相油气地质》2005,10(3):31-35

南鄱阳坳陷二甲村凹陷乐探1井在上白垩统周家店组发现油气显示。其原油的地球化学特征与新疆非树皮煤成因的煤成油对比表明,它既具有煤成油的一般特征(如原油物性、族组分、姥植比、碳同位素特征),又有树皮煤的特殊性(如轻烃甲基环己烷指标、规则甾烷和萜烷的组成特征等),由此认为该井原油主要是由树皮煤形成的煤成油,它与本区广泛分布的海相二叠系龙潭组树皮煤有亲缘关系。  相似文献   

长江源各拉丹冬地区上三叠统结扎群双壳类组合与古环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汤朝阳  王新昆  姚华舟  牛志军  段其发  赵小明  王建雄 《新疆地质》2006,24(3):239-243

在长江源各拉丹冬地区雀莫错一带上三叠统结扎群采获大量双壳类化石,根据产出层位,建立了Quemocuomegalodon orientus-Neomegalodon boeckhi、Halobia superbescens-Halobia disperseinsecta、Amonotis togtonheensis-Cardium(Tulongocardium)xizangensis3个组合.这一生物组合反映的地质时代为诺利期,依据双壳类化石的外部形态和内部构造特征及围岩岩石化学分析,说明垂向上双壳类生活的结扎群具浅—深—浅的古地理变化特征,为区域上地层对比及生物生存环境提供了基础资料.  相似文献   

滇东岩溶区表层岩溶水源地特征及其开发利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭淑惠  李继红 《云南地质》2006,25(2):249-255

表层岩溶水源地是解决分散农村生活用水困难的重要水源，而且分布广泛，水质较好。但水源地含水介质的富水性不均匀，岩溶水动态变幅大，脆弱性突出，易受污染和生态环境变化的影响。由此，表层岩溶水源地生态环境建设及保护尤为重要。表层泉以池、管调蓄系统开发最为有效。表层富水块段适宜打浅井开发，建设庭院式供水工程。采用地质雷达验证地质认识，确定井位，是经济有效的技术手段。  相似文献   

西藏达金海相碎屑岩的组成、地球化学特征及其构造背景     

闫臻方爱民  潘裕生李继亮刘小汉  俞良军 《岩石学报》2006,22(4):949-960

达金海相碎屑岩出露于西藏冈仁波齐峰山脚下,长期以来,该套岩石与冈底斯砾岩一起被视为印度-亚洲板块碰撞形成的陆相磨拉石.该套岩石组合是由凝灰质粉砂岩、杂砂岩、含砾杂砂岩和砾岩组成的一套深海-浅海相沉积组合.杂砂岩、砾岩碎屑组成与地球化学组成研究表明,该套岩石组合的形成与岛弧的发展密切相关,源区大地构造背景以岛弧为主,但也存在被动大陆边缘和碰撞构造带（蛇绿混杂带）两个不同构造背景的源区.区域上,在该套岩石组合的北侧存在着冈底斯岛弧带,南侧为雅鲁藏布蛇绿混杂带.这些特征共同表明,达金海相碎屑岩是西藏雅鲁藏布缝合带与冈底斯岛弧带之间的日喀则弧前盆地的一部分.  相似文献   

The impact of radio source structure on European geodetic VLBI measurements     

V. Tornatore  P. Charlot 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(6-8):469-478

European geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) sessions (also known as EUROPE sessions) have been carried out on a regular basis for the past 15 years to study relative crustal motions within Europe. These sessions are based on observations of extragalactic radio sources, which serve as distant fiducial marks to establish an accurate and stable celestial reference frame for long-term geodetic measurements. The radio sources, however, are not always point-like on milliarcsecond scales, as VLBI imaging has revealed. In this work, we quantify the magnitude of the expected effect of intrinsic source structure on geodetic bandwidth synthesis delay VLBI measurements for a subset of 14 sources regularly observed during the EUROPE sessions. These sources have been imaged at both X-band (8.4 GHz) and S-band (2.3 GHz) based on dedicated observations acquired with the European VLBI Network (EVN) in November 1996. The results of this calculation indicate that the reference source 0457+024 causes significant structural effects in measurements obtained on European VLBI baselines (about 10 picoseconds on average), whereas most of the other sources produce effects that are only occasionally larger than a few picoseconds. Applying the derived source structure models to the data of the EUROPE5-96 session carried out at the same epoch as the EVN experiment shows no noticeable changes in the estimated VLBI station locations.  相似文献