Toxic Cyanobacteria in Greek Freshwaters, 1987—2000: Occurrence,Toxicity, and Impacts in the Mediterranean Region     

Catherine M. Cook  Elisabeth Vardaka  Tom Lanaras 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(2):107-124

In a survey in Greece from 1987 to 2000 hepatotoxic cyanobacterial blooms were observed in 9 out of 33 freshwaters. Microcystins (MCYSTs) were detected by HPLC in 7 of these lakes, and the total MCYST concentration per scum dry weight ranged from 50.3 to 1638 ± 464 μg g^—1. Cyanobacterial genera (Microcystis, Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis) with known toxin producing taxa were present in 31 freshwaters. From our data and a review of the literature, it would appear that Mediterranean countries are more likely 1) to have toxic cyanobacterial blooms consisting of Microcystis spp. and 2) to have higher intracellular MCYST concentrations. A case study in Lake Kastoria is used to highlight seasonal patterns of cyanobacterial and MCYST‐LR occurrence and to assess cyanotoxin risk. Cyanobacterial biovolume was high (> 11 μL L^—1) throughout the year and was in excess of Guidance Level 2 (10 μL L^—1) proposed by WHO for recreational waters and Alert Level 2 for drinking water. Further, surface water samples from April to November exceeded Guidance Level 3, with the potential for acute cyanobacterial poisoning. Intracellular MCYST‐LR concentrations (max 3186 μg L^—1) exceeded the WHO guideline for drinking water (1 μg L^—1) from September to November with a high risk of adverse health effects. Preliminary evidence indicates that in 3 lakes microcystins are accumulated in some aquatic organisms. Generally, a high risk level can be deduced from the data for the Mediterranean region.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地周边地区冰雹云特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王旭马禹  郭江勇 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(5):22-24

对1998～2001年6～9月在塔里木盆地普查得到105个降雹云团进行分类，按尺度大小分为雷暴云、对流云、中尺度对流系统、冷云核和系统云系云区5类。塔里木盆地2000年降雹云团出现最多，半数以上出现在5月和6月。塔里木盆地降雹云团尺度小、形状不规则、云顶温度较高。  相似文献   

北疆降雹云团卫星云图特征的分类研究     

陈春艳 马禹王旭  郭江勇 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(6):3-6

北疆降雹云团按其卫星云图特征分为对流性和系统性两大类，又将对流性降雹云团按尺度大小分为雷暴云和对流云，系统性降雹云团按所处位置分为冷云核、云系云区和云系边缘。据此方法对1998-2001年4-9月期间北疆出现310个降雹云团进行归类分析。北疆降雹云团以对流性云团为主，它们尺度小、形状不规则、云顶亮温较高。主要出现在北疆西部和北疆沿天山中段。各类降雹云团在各地区的出现机率不同。  相似文献   

Accuracy analysis, dem generation and validation using russian tk-350 stereo-images     

Gürcan Büyüksalih  Güven Koçak  Murat Oruç  Hakan Akçin  Karsten Jacobsen 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(107):200-218

TK-350 stereo-scenes of the Zonguldak testfield in the north-west of Turkey have been analysed. The imagery had a base-to-height ratio of 0·52 and covered an area of 200 km × 300 km, with each pixel representing 10 m on the ground. Control points digitised from 1:25 000 scale topographic maps were used in the test. A bundle orientation was executed using the University of Hanover program BLUH and PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine AE software packages. Tests revealed that TK-350 stereo-images can yield 3D geopositioning to an accuracy of about 10 m in planimetry and 17 m in height. A 40 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was generated by the PCI system and compared against a reference DEM, which was derived from digitised contour lines provided by 1:25 000 scale topographic maps. This comparison showed that accuracy depends mainly on the surface structure and the slope of the local terrain. Root mean square errors in height were found to be about 27 and 39 m outside and inside forested areas, respectively. The matched DEM demonstrated a systematic shift against the reference DEM visible as an asymmetric shift in the frequency distribution. This is perhaps caused by the presence of vegetation and buildings.  相似文献   

Integration, validation and point spacing optimisation of digital elevation models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Simon J. Buckley  Harvey L. Mitchell 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(108):277-295

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A Model-Based Approach to Semi-Automated Reconstruction of Buildings from Aerial Images     

Kourosh Khoshelham  Zhilin Li 《The Photogrammetric Record》2004,19(108):342-359

Automated reconstruction of building objects from aerial images is a complex problem due to the diversity of buildings as well as noise and low contrast of images, which are the results of distant photography, atmospheric effects and poor illumination. In this paper, a semi-automated approach to the reconstruction of parametric building models from aerial images is presented, which works with line segments extracted from the image. The model is selected interactively from a library of parametric models. A perceptual grouping technique is used to select the most significant image lines in terms of relations such as proximity and parallelism. Model lines are searched for the same relations as in the grouped image lines, and the corresponding lines undergo a matching procedure, which determines whether or not a match can be found between the given model and image lines. An experiment with aerial images of flat-roof and gable-roof buildings is shown and its results indicate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

秦伯强  罗潋葱 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):561-568

太湖地处长江下游三角洲,水域面积为2338km²,平均水深1.9m,最大水深不足2.6m,为一典型的大型浅水湖泊。太湖流域地势平坦,河网密布,河湖水力关系复杂。其主要补给径流来自西南部的天目山区及西部的宜溧河流域。每年夏天,大部分入湖洪水通过位于东太湖的太浦河及东北部的望虞河分别排入黄浦江与长江,由于出入湖河道的特殊位置,使得太湖南部的换水周期较短而北部较长。近几十年来,太湖由于污染而逐步呈现富营养化特征,污染物主要来自北部的无锡市和常州市,通过河道排入太湖北部的五里湖与梅梁湾,因此上述两地的水质较南部差。在东太湖,水产养殖对水环境的影响很大,亦呈现出富营养化特征,并殃及该地区的供水,加之该地区为太湖主要的泄洪通道,因此泥沙淤积严重,而且水生植物生长旺盛,呈现出明显的沼泽化趋势;在太湖四周地区,由于湖泊围垦和水利工程建设,其污染净化能力将降低,从而加速水环境恶化的趋势。太湖所面临这些问题,有待于强化湖泊科学管理来解决。  相似文献   

黔西南州冰雹多普勒雷达回波特征分析     

胡兴炜  赵建  杨玲  杜龙彩 《云南地理环境研究》2004,(Z1)

冰雹是一种中小尺度的天气现象,多发生在地形复杂的山区和丘陵地带。黔西南是典型的冰雹频繁发生的多灾地带,每年发生大小冰雹天气过程几十次,尤其是个别县的某些乡镇几乎在每一次的重大天气过程中都要遭受到冰雹的袭击,显示出冰雹天气发生过程中具有明显的区域性和局地性。因此,用多普勒雷达的观测资料来分析冰雹的发生、发展和消亡过程,得出可能降雹的区域和地点,可以提高临近预报的准确性和及时性,降低冰雹灾害性天气所带来的经济损失,是非常有用的。  相似文献   

云南逐月雨量和气温的格点数据资料场建立   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

尤卫红  夏欣健  赵宁坤 《云南地理环境研究》2004,16(1):14-18,32

根据云南各气象台站的逐月雨量和气温观测数据资料,采用距离平方加权平均的格点插值方法,建立了云南(98.0°E～106.0°E、21.0°N～29.0°N)1951年1月～2002年12月0.25°×0.25°经纬度分辨率的逐月格点降水和气温数据资料场。应用该格点数据资料场,分析得到了云南年降水量场和年气温场变化的一些基本空间分布特征和时间演变特征。  相似文献   

Weights of Evidence Modeling of Mineral Potential: A Case Study Using Small Number of Prospects,Abra, Philippines   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

Carranza  Emmanuel John M. 《Natural Resources Research》2004,13(3):173-187

Weights of evidence (WofE) modeling usually is applied to map mineral potential in areas with large number of deposits/prospects. In this paper, WofE modeling is applied to a case study area measuring about 920 km² with 12 known porphyry copper prospects. A pixel size of 100 m × 100 m was used in the spatial data analyses to represent in a raster-based GIS lateral extents of prospects and of geological features considered as spatial evidence. Predictor maps were created based on (a) estimates of studentized values of positive spatial association between prospects and spatial evidence; (b) proportion of number of prospects in zones where spatial evidence is present; and (c) geological interpretations of positive spatial association between prospects and spatial evidence. Uncertainty because of missing geochemical evidence is shown to have an influence on tests of assumption of conditional independence (CI) among predictor maps with respect to prospects. For the final predictive model, assumption of CI is rejected based on omnibus test but is accepted based on a new omnibus test. The final predictive model, which delineates 30% of study area as zones with potential for porphyry copper, has 83% success rate and 73% prediction rate. The results demonstrate plausibility of WofE modeling of mineral potential in large areas with small number of mineral prospects.  相似文献