手持式X射线荧光光谱仪在富钴结壳资源勘查中的应用     

张学华  李强  黄雪华  姚会强 《岩矿测试》2014,33(3):332-336

便携式X射线荧光光谱仪具有快速、无损分析的特点,本文重点研究了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪在富钴结壳碎块和浅钻岩心野外现场原位分析中的应用能力。采用压片法制样,以富钴结壳国家标准物质（GBW 07337~GBW 07339）和多金属结核国家标准物质（GBW 07249、GBW 07295和GBW 07296）作为校准样品,建立了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪测定富钴结壳样品的校准曲线。方法经国家标准物质GBW 07339验证,元素Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu的精密度（RSD）在0.3%~3.0%之间,满足富钴结壳样品现场分析的要求。在海上资源勘查现场,应用手持式X射线荧光光谱仪对富钴结壳碎块和浅钻岩心原样进行了现场原位分析。富钴结壳碎块原样烘干后直接测试分析数据与实验室压片制样XRF分析数据对比表明,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu元素的测定值一致性良好;浅钻岩心的原位分析数据与实验室人工分层分析数据对比表明,各层位Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu元素直接测试数据与实验室压片制样XRF分析数据分布趋势基本一致。实际应用研究表明,手持式X射线荧光光谱仪适合于现场原位分析,满足野外富钴结壳资源快速评价的要求,同时原位分析能更真实地反映原始富钴结壳岩心不同层位中各元素的变化特征,为进一步研究富钴结壳成矿机制提供更丰富的数据资料。  相似文献   

应用扫描电镜与X射线能谱仪研究黔北黑色页岩储层孔隙及矿物特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王坤阳  杜谷  杨玉杰  董世涛  喻晓林  郭建威 《岩矿测试》2014,33(5):634-639

页岩储层研究已经成为页岩气研究的重点,页岩组构特征的特殊性使得页岩储层发育纳米/微米级孔隙。岩石及矿物中的纳米/微米级空隙是黔北黑色页岩的结构组分之一,传统的光学显微镜方法由于分辨率及放大倍数的限制无法对页岩储层的孔隙类型进行观察;核磁共振等仪器虽能准确测试页岩储层的孔隙度,但是无法获得孔隙的形貌及分布特征等信息。本文整合扫描电镜微区分析与X射线谱学分析的优点,运用Hitachi S-4800型场发射扫描电镜与IE250X-Max50牛津能谱仪组合,对黔北黑色页岩储层中矿物的分布、形态特征及矿物的组成元素进行分析测试。分析结果表明,利用场发射扫描电镜发现黑色页岩中发育微裂缝、纳米/微米级粒内溶孔;通过X射线能谱发现黑色页岩矿物主要有伊利石、石英、钠长石,其次为绿泥石、白云母、白云石等。黔北黑色页岩中裂隙直径为0.1~20μm,其中主要分布在1~5μm,均大于甲烷分子直径(0.414 nm),因此可作为天然气的运移通道与储集空间。此外通过X射线能谱仪对黔北黑色页岩中的石英、方解石、白云石、伊利石等脆性矿物进行分析,发现石英的含量(9.1%~78%)较高,伊利石(17.6%~25.5%)等黏土矿物含量较低,所以该页岩具有很高的脆性,易产生裂缝,可为游离气提供运移通道及储集空间,提高页岩气的产能及储量,进而为黔北地区储层评价及预测等提供依据。  相似文献   

国内外有关成像光谱数据影像分析方法研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

舒宁 《国土资源遥感》1998,9(1):16-20

本文介绍了近年来国内外有关成像光谱数据分析方法的研究进展,着重介绍了除光谱匹配方法以外的一些方法,包括主成分分析,最佳波段组合、改进型最大似然法、基于决策边界特征矩阵的变换和正交子空间投影等方法,并介绍了这些方法的应用效果。  相似文献   

多种核素在沉积物中的垂直和平面分布   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

康兴伦  顾德隆  张经  朱校斌  康建海  秦晓光 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(1):47-54

应用γ谱仪测量了鸭绿江口及黄河口海域沉积物中的多种核素。由于这些区域 ,特别是黄河口 ,沉积速度快 ,泥沙从陆地直接搬运到海底 ,因此 ,2 10 Pb和 2 3 4 Th在沉积物表层均不呈现过剩 ,2 3 8U系的各子体之间基本处于放射性平衡状态。本文中 2 14 Pb的最高比活度是(6 .2 0± 0 .2 1 ) 1 0 - 2 Bq/g,最低为 (3 .0 0± 0 .3 5 ) 1 0 - 2 Bq/g。2 2 8Ac的最高比活度是 (6 .6 0± 0 .5 8)× 1 0 - 2 Bq/g,最低为 (2 .80± 0 .3 8)× 1 0 - 2 Bq/g。诸核素的平面分布与垂直分布均有一定波动 ,这种波动与沉积物的陆源变化及海洋水动力学作用有关。Ra与其他核素比较 ,更容易溶解 ,在地表水形成时 ,Ra已出现过剩。因此 ,在河口沉积物的表层 ,2 2 8Th呈现过剩。这种过剩可用来测河口的沉积速度。世界各主要有核国家已长期停止大气层核试验 ,因此 ,本文测得的 13 7Cs含量相当低 ,有些层次已不能检出  相似文献   

机载波谱仪海浪谱反演方法及其验证     

李秀仲  何宜军  孟俊敏  张振华 《海洋科学》2016,40(12):123-130

为了验证波谱仪反演二维海浪谱的功能,根据海浪波谱仪的信号形成机制,总结了机载波谱仪反演海浪的流程。利用机载波谱仪回波数据,通过自相关和互相关两种功率谱估计方法,反演了二维海浪谱。最后通过与浮标测量的二维海浪谱进行对比,验证了该机载波谱仪探测二维海浪谱的有效性。结果表明,无论采用自相关函数还是互相关函数进行功率谱估计,得到的主波波长和有效波高与实际二维海浪谱基本一致。互相关函数法得到的交叉谱能去除180°模糊现象,其在计算有效波高时相对于自相关函数会稍微偏小。在计算斜率方差时可以采用5°~12°入射角范围的后向散射系数进行公式拟合,因此定标与否并不影响最后的二维海浪谱结果,未来星载波谱仪只有靠多波束联合才能实现。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal Distributions of δD in Atmospheric Water Vapor Based on TES Data During 2004-2009     

ZHANG Xinping  ZHANG Xinzhu  GUAN Huade  HUANG Yimin  WU Huawu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(6):683-699

The spatial and temporal distributions of the stable isotopes such as HD16O (or 1H2H16O, or HDO) and H218O in atmospheric water vapor are related to evaporation in source places, vapor condensation during transport, and vapor convergence and divergence, and thus provide useful information for investigation and understanding of the global water cycle. This paper analyzes spatiotemporal variations of the content of iso- tope HDO (i.e., δD), in atmospheric water vapor, namely, δDv, and the relationship of δDv with atmospheric humidity and temperature at different levels in the troposphere, using the HDO and H2O data retrieved from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) at seven pressure levels from 825 to 100 hPa. The results indicate that δDv has a clear zonal distribution in the troposphere and a good correspondence with atmospheric precipitable water. The results also show that δDv decreases logarithmically with atmospheric pressure and presents a decreasing trend from the equator to high latitudes and from lands to oceans. Sea- sonal changes of δDv exhibit regional differences. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of δDv in the low troposphere are consistent with those in the middle troposphere, but opposite situations occur from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. The correlation between δDv and temperature has a similar distribution pattern to the correlation between δDv and precipitable water in the troposphere. The stable isotope HDO in water vapor (δDv), compared with that in precipitation (δDp), is of some differences in spatial distribution and seasonal variation, and in its relationship with temperature and humidity, in- dicating that the impacts of stable isotopic fractionation and atmospheric circulation on the two types of stable isotopes are different.  相似文献   

大气压电离质谱及其用于超高纯气体分析研究进展     

张体强  胡树国  韩桥 《岩矿测试》2014,33(6):775-781

超高纯气体在工业生产中有非常重要的地位,如半导体工业中电子气的质量直接影响半导体器件的性能,百万分之几的微量杂质气体便可导致集成电路中元件存储信息量的减少。越来越高的气体纯度要求对分析方法及仪器的灵敏度提出了很大的挑战。大气压电离质谱(APIMS)由于可以在大气压条件下对杂质进行电离,并伴随高效的电离方式,因此具有极高的灵敏度,成为超高纯气体杂质分析中极为有效的技术手段,特别适合检测10^-9 mol/mol甚至10^-12 mol/mol浓度量级的气体杂质。APIMS采用电晕放电及⁶³Ni两种电离源,通常以电晕放电电离源为主,质量分析器常采用四极杆,同时为适应超高纯气体分析,APIMS配备了气体进样系统及可将标准气体稀释产生校正气体的稀释系统。APIMS对杂质检测的灵敏度与杂质的电离方式密切相关,电荷传递是杂质电离最主要的一种方式,适用于电离能相差较大的底气与杂质,常见的N₂、Ar由于电离能较高,其中的大部分杂质均可依靠该方式测定;质子转移反应的应用通常与H₂有关,常用于H₂中杂质的测定,也可以通过添加H₂的方法促进对Ar中N₂杂质的检测;运用形成团簇离子的反应尽管较少,但亦有报道,通过监测团簇离子O₂⁺·H₂O,可提高O₂中杂质H₂O的检测灵敏度。依据不同的电离反应,可以设计对不同杂质的测定方式,实现对痕量、超痕量杂质的检测。APIMS检测灵敏度通常比电子轰击电离质谱(EI/MS)高10⁴~10⁶倍,因此目前依然是超高纯气体分析中不可替代的仪器方法,但在某些方面如对有腐蚀性电子特气的分析,方法灵敏度有待提高。  相似文献   

The High Resolution Chirp Transform Spectrometer for the Sofia-Great Instrument   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Villanueva  P. Hartogh 《Experimental Astronomy》2004,18(1-3):77-91

In this paper, we present the design of a high resolution Chirp Transform Spectrometer (CTS) which is part of the GREAT (German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz frequencies) instrument onboard SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy. The new spectrometer will provide unique spectral resolving power and linearity response, since the analog Fourier transform performed by the CTS spectrometer was improved through a new design, that we call “Adaptive Digital Chirp Processor (ADCP)”. The principle behind the ADCP consists on digitally generating the dispersive signal which adapts to the compressor dispersive properties, achieving maximum spectral resolution and higher dynamic range. Excellent test results have been obtained such as a white noise dynamic range of 30 dB, and a spectral resolution (FWHM) of 41.68 kHz which would mean if analyzing signals with the high frequency band receiver on the GREAT instrument (4.7 THz) a spectral resolving power (λ/Δ λ) higher than 10⁸.  相似文献   

A visible band index for remote sensing leaf chlorophyll content at the canopy scale     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

Leaf chlorophyll content is an important variable for agricultural remote sensing because of its close relationship to leaf nitrogen content. The triangular greenness index (TGI) was developed based on the area of a triangle surrounding the spectral features of chlorophyll with points at (670 nm, R₆₇₀), (550 nm, R₅₅₀), and (480 nm, R₄₈₀), where R_λ is the spectral reflectance at wavelengths of 670, 550 and 480, respectively. The equation is TGI = −0.5[(670 − 480)(R₆₇₀ − R₅₅₀) − (670 − 550)(R₆₇₀ − R₄₈₀)]. In 1999, investigators funded by NASA's Earth Observations Commercialization and Applications Program collaborated on a nitrogen fertilization experiment with irrigated maize in Nebraska. Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data were acquired along with leaf chlorophyll meter and other data on three dates in July during late vegetative growth and early reproductive growth. TGI was consistently correlated with plot-averaged chlorophyll-meter values at the spectral resolutions of AVIRIS, Landsat TM, and digital cameras. Simulations using the Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves (SAIL) canopy model indicate an interaction among TGI, leaf area index (LAI) and soil type at low crop LAI, whereas at high LAI and canopy closure, TGI was only affected by leaf chlorophyll content. Therefore, TGI may be the best spectral index to detect crop nitrogen requirements with low-cost digital cameras mounted on low-altitude airborne platforms.  相似文献   

The calibration of the Cassini-Huygens CAPS Electron Spectrometer     

G.R. Lewis  C.S. Arridge  D.R. Linder  D.O. Kataria  A. Persoon  N. André  P. Schippers  M. Morooka  A.M. Rymer  D.G. Mitchell  S.A. Livi 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(3):427-436

We present the two-stage method used to calibrate the electron spectrometer (ELS), part of the plasma spectrometer (CAPS) on board the Cassini spacecraft currently in orbit around Saturn. The CAPS-ELS is a top-hat electrostatic analyser designed to measure electron fluxes between 0.5 eV and 26 keV. The on-ground calibration method described here includes the production of photoelectrons, which are energised and passed into the CAPS-ELS in a purpose designed calibration facility. Knowledge of the intensity of these incident electrons and the subsequent instrument output provides an on-ground calibrated geometric factor. Comparative studies of physical quantities such as plasma density and electron differential flux calculated using on-ground calibration factor with the quantities deduced from the wave experiment and high energy electron detector provide in-flight calibration. The results of this are presented together with a comparison of the experimentally calibrated values with simulated calibration values.  相似文献