出渗对均匀大粒径泥沙附近水动力特性影响          下载免费PDF全文

蒋昌波  刘洋  邓斌  刘易庄  陈家源 《水科学进展》2017,28(1):67-75

为探讨出渗对均匀大粒径泥沙颗粒周围水流特性的影响,基于粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对出渗影响下的均匀大粒径泥沙颗粒群周围水流结构进行测量,并对不同出渗强度下颗粒群周围立面二维流场结构进行了分析。试验结果表明:出渗能够减小颗粒群周围原水流运动方向的流速,而增大垂直向上的流速,且两者均随着出渗强度的增强而对流速的影响愈加明显;根据实测数据,拟合出考虑出渗影响下的均匀大粒径泥沙周围纵向流速分布公式,相关性较好;出渗能增强颗粒群附近的紊动强度,加剧周围水体的能量耗散;随着出渗强度的增强,颗粒群周围的涡量值随之减小。  相似文献   

Optical Dating Equivalent Dose (De) Comparison of Global Standardised Growth Curve (gSGC) and Single-aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) Methods for Quartz Grains     

Yang Hongyu  Zhao Hui  Wang Xingfan  Geng Jianwei 《地球科学进展》2017,32(10):1111-1118

Optical dating is a method of measuring the time since the sample was buried from last thermal event or light exposure. Samples such as quartz and feldspar grains are the most commonly used sediment of measurement. Single-Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) method has become the most acceptable procedure for obtaining the equivalent Dose (D_e) of a sample. The Standardised Growth Curve (SGC) method provides a possible procedure for measuring a large number of samples; the limitation is that the growth curve fitted by different samples or even different aliquots is divergent. The global Standardised Growth Curve (gSGC) method improves the shortage by normalizing the dose response curves using one regenerative dose OSL signal. The gSGC provides a possible method for obtaining the D_e value of the sample efficiently and quickly. However, due to the radiation dose rate, operating procedures and instrument error and the selected regenerative-dose normalized dose value, etc., each laboratory should develop their own gSGC which has unique parameters. This study established the gSGC curve and measurement process of our laboratory, and then compared the consistency of the equivalent Dose (D_e) values from gSGC and SAR methods. In gSGC procedure, the D_e value of an aliquot can be estimated from the nature signal, one regenerative dose signal and their corresponding test dose signal. It will speed up the optical dating measurement rate of our laboratory and provide reference to establish gSGC in other laboratories. It is found that in the low dose range (0~100 Gy) the obtained D_e values were well consistent by gSGC and SAR methods. There were obviously differences in the higher dose range (>100 Gy) compared to the SAR results. It may be due to the insufficient number of older samples used to fit gSGC in this study. It is necessary to gradually accumulate more samples to improve the gSGC parameters in the future work. For some aliquots, individual quartz grains do not follow the global standardised growth curve, which leads to some deviations of D_e from gSGC. However, these two methods could obtain the similar average De value when multiple aliquots measuring.  相似文献   

海啸波作用下泥沙运动——Ⅱ.床沙组成变化分析     

蒋昌波  陈杰  程永舟  邓斌  隆院男 《水科学进展》2012,23(6):802-807

在波浪水槽实验的基础上,对海啸波作用下的床沙组成变化规律开展研究。实验采用1/10~1/20的组合坡度,选取N波作为入射波。实验对波高进行采集,对波浪的上爬、回落和水跃过程进行拍摄记录,对每个波作用后的地形进行测量,并对初始和最终的床面顶层泥沙进行采样筛分。实验结果表明,N波作用下泥沙在离岸区水跃发生区域堆积,淤积沙坝泥沙粒径呈粗化趋势。同时采用规则波和非规则波进行对比,波浪作用后形成岸滩也为沙坝剖面,淤积沙坝泥沙粒径呈细化趋势,结果均遵循Çelikoğlu提出的泥沙运动的基本规律,细颗粒泥沙会在强烈的紊动作用下从床面中被筛选出来,并被搬运到低紊动地区,此过程造成了剧烈紊动区泥沙的粗化。  相似文献   

重庆市巫山县环湖路建设对淀粉厂滑坡影响的研究     

杨国安 《城市地质》2013,8(2):34-37

重庆市巫山县环湖路地质条件十分复杂,沿线经过十几个地质灾害单元体。环湖路经过淀粉厂滑坡区时,以半挖半填的方式经过。环湖路建设对原滑坡体的稳定性影响进行重新评价计算,认为原设计方案不能满足要求,对原方案进行修改设计,完成淀粉厂滑坡的施工治理的环湖路的建设,实现了淀粉厂滑坡和环湖路工程建设的安全稳定。  相似文献   

Polarimetric properties of the reflection nebula R Mon/NGC 2261     

Masafumi Matsumura  Munezo Seki 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,224(1-2):513-514

The linear polarization of the reflection nebula R Mon/NGC 2261 has been observed since November 1991 with a multi-channel polarimeter at Dodaira Observatory, one of the branches of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Results of the observations are reported.  相似文献   

Wind anisotropy revealed by dust formation around wolf-rayet stars     

P. M. Williams 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,224(1-2):267-270

The presence of heated circumstellar dust around WC type Wolf-Rayet stars requires the episodic or persistent condensation of carbon grains in their stellar winds. In order to survive in the stars' strong ultraviolet radiation fields, the grains must be located at least 100AU from the stellar surfaces. The densities in isotropic winds at such large distances are too low to allow grain growth and anisotropies such as clumps, disks or wind-collision wakes in colliding-wind binary systems are required to provide grain nurseries. Observational evidence for such features in grain-forming W-R stars is examined.  相似文献   

金矿物及其赋存状态     

尚浚  林金泉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1990,(3)

已发现的金矿物有60余种。本文将其分为七类。在附表中列有20种较常见的金矿物及其鉴定特征。金在自然界中有三种赋存状态:可见独立矿物形式;呈次显微状于载体矿物中;或以原子状态混入其他矿物。金的工业矿物以第一种赋存状态为主,它们常与黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿和石英等连生,或以其作为载体矿物。呈次显微状的金,是以粒径小于0.2um的球粒形质点,呈机械混入物状态于黄铁矿等硫化物中。  相似文献   

斜向波作用下海底管线周围床沙组成变化          下载免费PDF全文

程永舟  鲁显赫  易蕾  胡有川  李小超 《水科学进展》2016,27(5):735-742

海底管线周围的不平衡输沙影响着海底管线的局部冲刷,进而影响海底管线的安全运营。基于波浪港池实验,考虑规则波的作用,采用中值粒径为0.219 mm的原型沙铺设与波浪传播方向成45°夹角的斜坡,斜坡坡度为1∶15,研究管线局部冲刷坑床沙组成变化情况。实验结果表明:与冲刷深度随时间的发展类似,冲刷宽度随时间的发展也分为初级阶段和次级阶段;管线周围床沙粗化程度最高的地方并不在管线的正下方,而在管线的后下方;周期增加,冲刷坑床沙粗化程度增大;与原始床沙相比,周期较小时,冲刷坑下方床沙细化,周期较大时则粗化,而波高对床沙扰动的影响具有不稳定性。  相似文献   

西秦岭岷县地区红层砂岩成因分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

惠浪波  郭进京  赵海涛  王利晓 《沉积与特提斯地质》2016,36(2):38-46

岷县西江盆地红层地层为上白垩统磨沟组,这套地层底部为一套紫红色厚块状砾岩,砾岩上部为厚度巨大的红层砂岩。本文试图通过对这套砂岩的研究,揭示其成因背景,对恢复晚白垩世西秦岭岷县地区古地理具有重要意义。根据岷县地区红层砂岩良好出露剖面测绘和取样资料,从沉积序列特征、粒度特征、石英颗粒表面特征方面对其成因进行分析。研究表明,这套砂岩厚度大,岩层中发育薄砾石层与干河床沉积物夹层,薄砾石层中砾石具沙漠漆等特征。粒径相对集中,缺乏粉砂和粘土组分,以中砂、细砂、极细砂组分为主。石英颗粒磨圆度好,表面发育碟形和新月形坑、溶蚀坑、硅质薄膜等典型特征。综合各种特征,认为这套砂岩为干热气候环境下风沙活动的产物。  相似文献   

Holocene changes in precipitation seasonality in the western Mediterranean Basin: a multi‐species approach using δ13C of archaeobotanical remains     

M. Aguilera  J. P. Ferrio  G. Pérez  J. L. Araus  J. Voltas 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(2):192-202

Precipitation has been of utmost importance in shaping the evolution of landscapes and human settlements in the Mediterranean. However, information on seasonal precipitation patterns through the Holocene is scarce. This study attempts to quantify the evolution of seasonal precipitation in the East Iberian Peninsula (5000 BC to AD 600) based on the carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of archaeobotanical remains. Data on Holm oak, Aleppo pine and small‐grain cereals were combined, and precipitation was inferred from models relating present‐day records to the δ¹³C of modern samples. Subsequently, charred grains were used as a proxy for ancient moisture during April–May, whereas oak and pine charcoals provided complementary rainfall estimates for September–December and January–August, respectively. The results reveal aridity changes throughout the Holocene in the western Mediterranean. Past spring–summer precipitation was consistently higher than at present. In contrast, autumn and early winter precipitation showed stronger fluctuations, particularly during the first millennium BC, and often exhibited values below those of the present. The high contribution of autumn precipitation to the annual water budget, typical of the present Mediterranean climate, was definitively established at the beginning of the current era. This study shows how a combination of species holding complementary environmental signals can contribute to a wider knowledge of local precipitation dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献