电磁波信号在对流层中路径弯曲改正的级数展开式     

卢小平 《测绘学报》2008,37(2):0-249

大气折射延迟是空间大地测量中的一个主要误差源。本文严格地给出了中性大气路径弯曲改正的原理性公式。通过对各种因素量级的分析,在亚毫米量级的精度上给出了一个以视天顶距正切和正割乘积为参数的级数展开模型。新模型在球对称大气模型下,级数展开模型的精度达到了毫米量级,理论上可以展开到任意阶次,且可允许观测高度角小到5°。  相似文献   

最简单路径寻找方法研究     

瞿嵘  翁敏  杜清运 《测绘科学》2008,33(6):130-132

许多认知研究表明,路径指令的复杂性和形式在人类导航中和路径的长度一样重要。在很多情形下,我们所需要的不是到达目的地的最短路径,而是一条最简单路径,也就是容易描述、理解、记忆或者执行路线的导航指令。大多数自动导航系统都依赖于计算最短路径问题的解,而不是找到最简单路径。本文在分析人们对道路转向的认知研究基础上,采用了适合道路转向的路段-链数据模型,并从权重函数选择、算法具体实现和算法分析三个方面具体论述了最简单路径算法的主要思想和具体实施。  相似文献   

VC环境下最短路径算法的实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘少华  王新海 《地理空间信息》2008,6(2):36-37

设计了一种方便查找及显示最短路径的数据结构,对仅研究计算一条最短路径的Dijkstra算法加以了改进,并在VC下实现一个顶点到另一个顶点的所有最短路径的查找。  相似文献   

北大别饶拔寨石榴辉石岩P-T-t轨迹及其构造意义     

闫方超  刘庆  马雪盈  何苗 《岩石学报》2021,37(8):2579-2598

P-T-t轨迹作为变质岩的重要研究方法之一，对揭示岩石的构造演化过程具有重要意义。北大别饶拔寨镁铁-超镁铁岩形成的构造环境和就位过程长期以来尚存争议。本文通过岩相学观察、矿物化学研究和温压计计算，揭示出饶拔寨石榴辉石岩经历了四个变质演化阶段：1）超高压变质阶段（M1）：主要根据石榴子石中金红石的出溶，单斜辉石中石英的出溶和磷灰石中不透明矿物的出溶，结合前人研究，认为饶拔寨石榴辉石岩经历过超高压变质阶段（≥2.5GPa）；2）高压麻粒岩相阶段（M2）：矿物组合为石榴子石（变斑晶）和单斜辉石（基质）+斜长石（基质），记录的温压条件为T=648~700℃，P=1.47~1.94GPa；3）中压麻粒岩相阶段（M3）：以石榴子石外围发育的主要由斜方辉石+斜长石组成的内圈"白眼圈"为特征，形成的温压条件为T=781~796℃，P=0.92~0.98GPa；4）角闪岩相阶段（M4）：以石榴子石变斑晶周围发育的外圈"白眼圈"为特征，其矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石的后成合晶，形成的温压条件为T=663~685℃，P=0.50~0.58GPa。石榴辉石岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb定年得到了3组不同的交点年龄，分别为208.1~202.1Ma、227.6Ma和817.7Ma。根据锆石包裹体中角闪石+斜长石的组合，推断208.1~202.1Ma代表了角闪岩相变质年龄的下限，227.6Ma则是高压麻粒岩相的下限年龄，而新元古代年龄（817.7Ma）与区域上的变质岩原岩年龄一致，可能代表了其原岩年龄。结合前人研究，饶拔寨石榴辉石岩记录了顺时针的P-T-t轨迹，揭示了板片俯冲（超高压变质）-碰撞-折返（降压升温过程，~227Ma）-抬升（降压降温过程，208~202Ma）的完整过程。  相似文献   

顶管施工中顶力与顶程关系及其影响因素分析     

向安田丁文其  朱合华 《探矿工程》2006,33(10):29-31,34

以上海某长距离急曲线顶管工程为例，通过现场实测4节管段顶进过程中的顶力，研究了顶力随顶程的变化规律，系统分析了顶进过程中顶力的主要影响因素，得到了一些有用的结论。  相似文献   

基于国际经验的西部经济发展与生态建设互动途径研究     

陈锋  延军平 《世界地理研究》2006,15(4):41-47

本文在分析巴西、印度等发展中国家和美国、德国等发达国家经济发展和生态环境建设经验的基础上,针对我国西部农村贫困和产业落后等影响经济、生态的制约因素,提出了西部经济发展与生态建设互动的一些有效途径,以期对最终实现西部经济发展与生态建设的双赢有所启示。  相似文献   

Sulfide evolution in high-temperature to ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic rocks from Lützow–Holm Complex, East Antarctica     

T. Kawakami  D.J. Ellis  A.G. Christy 《Lithos》2006,92(3-4):431-446

The high-temperature (HT) to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphic rocks from Lützow–Holm Complex, East Antarctica show a systematic difference between sulfide assemblages in the rock matrix and those found as inclusions in the silicates stable in high-temperatures. Matrix sulfides are commonly pyrite with or without pentlandite and chalcopyrite. On the other hand, inclusion sulfides are pyrrhotite with or without pentlandite and chalcopyrite lamellae. When recalculated into integrated single-phase sulfide compositions, inclusion sulfides from the UHT region showed a wider range of solid–solution composition than the inclusion sulfides from the HT region. The host minerals of the sulfides with extreme solid–solution compositions are those stable at the peak of metamorphism such as orthopyroxene and garnet. One of the most extreme ones is included in orthopyroxene coexisting with sillimanite ± quartz, which is the diagnostic mineral assemblage of UHT metamorphism. These observations suggest that sulfide inclusions preserve their peak metamorphic compositions. Pyrrhotite did not revert to pyrite because of the closed system behavior of sulfur in inclusion sulfides. On the other hand, in the rock matrix where the open system behavior of sulfur is permitted, original sulfides were partly to completely altered by the later fluid activity.  相似文献   

Spinel–sapphirine–quartz bearing composite inclusion within garnet from an ultrahigh-temperature pelitic granulite: Implications for metamorphic history and P–T path     

Toshiaki Tsunogae  M. Santosh 《Lithos》2006,92(3-4):524-536

We report here a multiphase mineral inclusion composed of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, sapphirine, spinel, orthopyroxene, and biotite, in porphyroblastic garnet within a pelitic granulite from Rajapalaiyam in the Madurai Granulite Block, southern India. In this unique textural association, hitherto unreported in previous studies, sapphirine shows four occurrences: (1) as anhedral mineral between spinel and quartz (Spr-1), (2) subhedral to euhedral needles mantled by quartz (Spr-2), (3) subhedral to anhedral mineral in orthopyroxene, and (4) isolated inclusion with quartz (Spr-4). Spr-1, Spr-2, and Spr-4 show direct grain contact with quartz, providing evidence for ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism at temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. Associated orthopyroxene shows high Mg/(Fe + Mg) ratio ( 0.75) and Al₂O₃ content (up to 9.6 wt.%), also suggesting T > 1050 °C and P > 10 kbar during peak metamorphism.

Coarse spinel (Spl-1) with irregular grain morphology and adjacent quartz grains are separated by thin films of Spr-1 and K-feldspar, suggesting that Spl-1 and quartz were in equilibrium before the stability of Spr-1 + quartz. This texture implies that the P–T conditions of the rock shifted from the stability field of spinel + quartz to sapphirine + quartz. Petrogenetic grid considerations based on available data from the FMAS system favour exhumation along a counterclockwise P–T trajectory. The irregular shape of the inclusion and chemistry of the inclusion minerals are markedly different from the matrix phases suggesting the possibility that the inclusion minerals could have equilibrated from cordierite-bearing silicate-melt pockets during the garnet growth at extreme UHT conditions.  相似文献   

Towards models of strategic spatial choice behaviour: theory and application issues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qi Han  Harry Timmermans 《GeoJournal》2006,67(3):195-206

Models of spatial choice behaviour have been around in geography urban planning for decades to assess the feasibility of planning actions or to predict external (competition) effects on existing destinations. Although these models differ in terms of complexity and key concepts, they all have in common that spatial choice behaviour is predicted as a function of the attributes of the choice alternatives and distance or travel time separation only. None of these models do take into account that the attributes of choice alternatives and travel time may be highly non-stationary and that often the utility that people derive from visiting a particular location also depends on the choice behaviour of other individuals. Under these circumstances, individuals may exhibit strategic choice behaviour. That is, they will choose particular choice options taking into account their expected behaviour of others such as to maximize their own utility. The purpose of the proposed paper is to discuss possible models of strategic choice behaviour for these urban planning problems. Theory will be outlined and some critical issues in the application of such models to problems of spatial choice will be discussed.  相似文献   

苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用及其P-T-t轨迹   总被引：23，自引：25，他引：23  

张泽明张金凤  游振东沈昆 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):257-270

基于超高压变质岩的岩石学,特别是超高压矿物生长成分环带、扩散环带和蚀变作用研究,综合前人的岩石学和年代学研究成果,提出苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用峰期发生在1000-1100℃和6-7GPa条件下,俯冲深度相当于200km,形成年代为240-250Ma。在此基础上,重塑了一个包括八期变质作用的P-T-t轨迹,揭示出超高压变质岩经历了三个不同的折返阶段,即从200km到100km深度的快速折返阶段,抬升速率为5km/Ma,冷却速率为10℃/Ma;从100km到30km的快速折返,抬升速率为4km/Ma,或为近等温降压,或为缓慢降温的快速降压过程;从下地壳到近地表的缓慢折返阶段,抬升速率为1km/Ma,但为快速降温过程,冷却速率可达20℃/Ma。  相似文献