Entropy‐based equation to assess hillslope sediment production     

José Carlos de Araújo 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(13):2005-2018

A new equation to assess hillslope sediment production, based on physical and probabilistic approaches, is presented. The equation, which allows the computation of the delivery ratio for every event, considers the physical variables of travel distance, stream power, settling velocity and gross erosion. The probability density function that arises from the new formulation is solved using the principle of maximum entropy. Based on data from five watersheds in both tropical and temperate zones, the new delivery parameter K_v is calibrated and associated with vegetation cover and conservation practice. The proposed equation is rationally based in relation to parameter K_v. The entropy‐based equation was applied to assess sediment yield in two other experimental watersheds, showing good predictability for the set (mean absolute error of 20·8%). No systematic error was found in the analysed data. The entropy‐based equation showed good predictability for long‐term sets of data and for high‐erosivity events, but did not perform well for the low‐erosivity ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Calibration of the high-pressure cohesive strength meter (CSM)     

S. Vardy  J.E. Saunders  T.J. Tolhurst  P.A. Davies  D.M. Paterson 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Coastal erosion is an immense economic and social problem that has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A number of devices have been developed to determine the sediment stability in coastal areas: laboratory and field flumes; a range of different erosion devices; shear vanes and fall cone penetrometers. The cohesive strength meter (CSM) erosion device was developed to determine in situ the temporal and spatial variations in the erosion threshold of muddy intertidal sediments. Technological developments have enabled considerable improvements to be made to the original design over the last 15 years.  相似文献   

In situ measurements of surficial mud strength: A new vane tester suitable for soft intertidal muds     

P. Bassoullet  P. Le Hir 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

A vane fitted to a standard shear vane tester is described, the purpose of which is to obtain better measurements of the rheological properties of soft, surficial, intertidal muds (and consequently, variations in their erodability). Specifications and geometry of this vane are presented. The computation procedure is detailed, so that the methodology can be applied to any vane tester. The main improvement is a greater vertical resolution, typically less than 1 cm. Sets of direct measurements with this equipment and correlation with dry densities for three intertidal mudflats (estuaries and bay) are presented.  相似文献   

河北沽源—多伦地区中生代含铀火山岩地球化学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张振强 《火山地质与矿产》2007,28(4):256-262

沽源和多伦地区是燕辽多金属成矿带的重要组成部分，中生界主要发育上侏罗统白旗组、张家口组，下白垩统大北沟组和花吉营组。张家口组火山岩分布广、厚度大，是铀（钼）矿床的主要含矿主岩。中生代火山岩属于钙碱性系列，化学成分富硅、偏碱，δ值1.17-7.60。稀土元素特征反映火山岩有壳幔混合和壳源改造两种成因。火山岩形成于弱造山环境，其年龄与库拉—太平洋板块向亚洲板块俯冲的时间吻合。张家口组酸性火山岩具有我国相山产铀火山杂岩富硅、富钾，铕极亏损的地球化学特征。  相似文献   

Geology and geochemistry of the Bingdaban ophiolitic mélange in the boundary fault zone on the northern Central Tianshan Belt, and its tectonic implications     

DONG YunPeng  ZHANG GuoWei  ZHOU DingWu  LUO JinHai  ZHANG ChengLi  XIA LinQi  XU XueYi  LI XiangMin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1)

  相似文献   

晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素特征及其指示意义   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

彭建堂  胡瑞忠  漆亮  蒋国豪 《地质科学》2002,37(3):277-287

本文系统地研究了黔西南晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学,表明不同颜色、不同矿物组合的萤石的稀土元素含量变化较大,但具有固定的REE分配模式,以明显的负Ce异常、富MREE、分配曲线相对平缓为特征;这种配分模式主要是受其晶体化学因素的控制,而与溶液中REE络合物的稳定性关系不大。萤石的稀土元素组成与其矿物共生组合关系不大,但与其颜色关系较密切。萤石的Ce、Eu异常主要是受氧逸度的控制,流体源区的氧逸度较高,矿物沉淀场所的氧逸度相对较低,从而导致该矿中萤石呈明显的负Ce异常,或正或负的Eu异常。晴隆锑矿床形成于开放体系条件下,水/岩反应很可能是导致萤石发生沉淀的主要机制。萤石中的Ca部分来自茅口组灰岩,部分来自大厂层玄武岩;而矿化剂F可能主要来自外部。  相似文献   

吉林省海沟金矿断裂地球化学预测研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙岳  雷时斌等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(3):23-27

在总结海沟矿区控矿断裂构造几何形态学，动力学，运动学和地球化学特征基础上，应用数学模拟和GIS图层分析技术，综合分析研究断裂构造控矿规律和金矿成矿地球化学行为，初步建立了断裂构造地球化学定位预测模型。并对矿区主要赋矿构造-28号矿体深部及外围进行打矿预测。  相似文献   

贵州地壳表层构造地球化学分区及其意义   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5  

何邵麟  陈智 《贵州地质》2002,19(3):148-155

根据贵州所处大地构造位置，在前人划分的扬子陆块、江南造山带和右江造山带构造单元的基础上，结合水系沉积物测量区域化探扫面成果，划分出四川盆地边缘SiO2-Na2O高背景地球化学区，黔北隆起F－CaO-MgO及亲基性元素高背景地球化学区，黔西断陷Au-As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe3O3亲硫元素及亲基性元素强聚集地球化学区，黔南台陷Cd-Hg-Sb-Ag-SiO2高背景地球化学区，江南造山带Ba-Ag-Al2O3－K2O-Na2O高背景地球化学区和右江造山带B－Au-Sb-SiO2高背景地球化学区等6个地球化学区。结合有关资料还在阐述各区地球化学特征的基础上，探讨了它们的科学意义。  相似文献   

吉林集安金厂沟矿田岩石化学及地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张洪武  黄云波 《黄金地质》2002,8(1):44-50

金厂沟矿田以金矿床为主，矿体与矿化点分布于燕山期中酸性杂岩体的内外接触带上。岩石化学及地球化学特征表明集安变质岩系遭受中级变质，含有较高的金等金属成矿元素； 中酸性杂岩体是地幔熔浆与壳源物质混杂形成，各成矿物质为幔源，同时汲取壳源，金来源于变质岩系和中酸性岩浆岩。  相似文献   

四姑娘山地区的另类地质遗迹--特别元素背景下的奇异植被   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭东  郭建强  朱礼学 《物探化探计算技术》2002,24(3):263-267,272

四姑娘山地区的旅游景观主要由第四纪冰川地质遗迹形成，但同时其独特的地质结构形成了异化沙棘、松茸、红石等导向性景观。作者在本文中通过地质地球化学、土壤地球化学研究，认为这些景观均与特殊土壤元素背景有关，是一种特殊意义上的另类地质遗迹。  相似文献