Episodic post‐rift deformation in the south‐eastern Australian passive margin: evidence from the Lapstone Structural Complex          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew McPherson  Dan Clark  Mike Macphail  Matthew Cupper 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(11):1449-1466

Identifying the influence of neotectonics on the morphology of elevated passive margins is complicated in that major morpho‐structural patterns might plausibly be explained by processes related to late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic rifting and/or differential erosion induced by Cenozoic epeirogenic uplift. The proportional contribution of each process can vary from continent to continent, and potentially even within the same passive margin. In the passive margin setting of the southeast Australian highlands the documented occurrence of neotectonic deformation is rare, and accordingly its role in landscape evolution is difficult to establish. The results of investigations within the Lapstone Structural Complex, which forms the eastern range front of the Blue Mountains Plateau, provide evidence for two periods of Cenozoic neotectonic uplift in this part of the highlands. The first, demonstrated by seismic and structural evidence, is suggested to have occurred in the Paleogene, and is thus unrelated to Cretaceous rifting. The second period, demonstrated by evidence from the Kurrajong Fault (presented herein) suggests that uplift occurred in both the Mio‐Pliocene and the Middle Pleistocene. The cumulative Neogene and younger uplift of ~15 m determined for the Kurrajong Fault is less than 10% of the 130 m of total measured throw across the fault. The apparently minor contribution of neotectonism to the current elevation of the Blue Mountains Plateau supports a predominantly erosional exhumation origin for the topographic relief at the plateau's eastern edge. This finding contrasts with evidence from fault complexes associated with similar topographic relief elsewhere in the south‐eastern highlands, indicating that present‐day topography cannot be directly related to relief generated by Neogene and younger uplift, even from relatively closely‐spaced (< 150 km) structures within the same passive margin. These findings have implications for understanding the spatio‐temporal variability of post‐rift faulting in continental passive margin settings and the evolution of landscapes therein. © Commonwealth of Australia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

New insights in the geodynamics of the Lipari–Vulcano area (Aeolian Archipelago,southern Italy) from geological,geodetic and seismological data     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

Geological, geodetic and seismological data have been analyzed in order to frame the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian archipelago, southern Italy) into the geodynamic context of the southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea. It is located at the northern end of a major NNW–SSE trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system named “Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni” which has been interpreted as a lithospheric discontinuity extending from the Aeolian Islands to the Ionian coast of Sicily and separating two different tectonic domains: a contractional one to the west and an extensional one to the north-east. Structural field data consist of structural measurements performed on well-exposed fault planes and fractures. The mesostructures are mostly represented by NW–SE striking normal faults with a dextral-oblique component of motion. Minor structures are represented by N–S oriented joints and tension gashes widespread over the whole analyzed area and particularly along fumarolized sectors. The analyzed seismological dataset (from 1994 to 2013) is based on earthquakes with magnitude ranging between 1.0 and 4.8. The hypocenter distribution depicts two major alignments corresponding to the NNW–SSE trending Aeolian–Tindari–Letojanni fault system and to the WNW–ESE oriented Sisifo–Alicudi fault system. GPS data analysis displays ∼3.0 mm/yr of active shortening between the two islands, with a maximum shortening rate of about 1.0 × 10⁻¹³ s⁻¹, between La Fossa Caldera and south of Vulcanello. This region is bounded to the north by an area where the maximum values of shear strain rates, of about 0.7 × 10⁻¹³ s⁻¹ are observed. This major change occurs in the area south of Vulcanello that is also characterized by a transition in the way of the vertical axis rotation. Moreover, both the islands show a clear subsidence process, as suggested by negative vertical velocities of all GPS stations which exhibit a decrease from about −15 to −7 mm/yr from north to south. New data suggest that the current kinematics of the Lipari–Vulcano complex can be framed in the tectonic context of the eastward migrating Sisifo–Alicudi fault system. This is dominated by transpressive tectonics in which contractional and minor extensional structures can coexist with strike-slip motion.  相似文献   

库车坳陷第三纪断层滑动分析与古构造应力恢复   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张仲培  林伟  郭宏  宋文杰  王清晨 《地质科学》2004,39(4):496-506

研究构造应力场的时空变化对于认识和理解褶皱冲断带的构造变形过程和油气构造圈闭的最终定型具有重要意义.基于对库车坳陷内第三系和同时卷入变形的白垩系中发育断层的野外观测,采用断层滑动数据反演方法,对库车坳陷的第三纪构造古应力进行恢复.结果表明:库车坳陷第三纪的构造应力方向在空间位置上变化不大,在时间上经历了从NNW-SSE向到NWW-SEE的转变,构造挤压变形经历了两个阶段:即NNW-SSE向逆冲挤压变形和相对较晚的NWW-SEE向逆冲挤压变形.结合库车坳陷油气成藏期,第二阶段的构造挤压变形发生在库车组沉积期间,为坳陷内油气的聚集提供了良好的圈闭条件.文中还探讨了造成库车坳陷内挤压应力场的两种可能动力成因.  相似文献   

库车褶皱冲断带秋里塔格构造带东、西分段构造特征与油气聚集   总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

王清华  杨明慧  吕修祥 《地质科学》2004,39(4):523-531

近东西向的库车褶皱冲断带内发育近南北向的喀拉玉尔衮、康村和吐格尔明走滑断层,它们将库车褶皱冲断带尤其是作为前缘带的秋里塔格构造带分割成东秋里塔格、西秋里塔格和却勒塔格构造等段落;侧断坡在东、西构造分段上也起着重要作用.不同分段的构造特征存在较大的差异,其中东秋里塔格构造深部发育双重褶皱构造,浅部构造发育断展褶皱;西秋里塔格构造受近东西向走滑断层控制,发育南、北两排构造,剖面上表现为断展褶皱和滑脱褶皱特点;却勒塔格构造是典型的滑脱褶皱.就油气成藏而言,走滑断层是破坏油气聚集的主要因素之一;侧断坡相关背斜是库车坳陷油气勘探的新领域.  相似文献   

Inversion of potential field data using the structural index as weighting function rate decay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Federico Cella  Maurizio Fedi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(2):313-336

Nonparametric inverse methods provide a general framework for solving potential‐field problems. The use of weighted norms leads to a general regularization problem of Tikhonov form. We present an alternative procedure to estimate the source susceptibility distribution from potential field measurements exploiting inversion methods by means of a flexible depth‐weighting function in the Tikhonov formulation. Our approach improves the formulation proposed by Li and Oldenburg (1996, 1998) , differing significantly in the definition of the depth‐weighting function. In our formalism the depth weighting function is associated not to the field decay of a single block (which can be representative of just a part of the source) but to the field decay of the whole source, thus implying that the data inversion is independent on the cell shape. So, in our procedure, the depth‐weighting function is not given with a fixed exponent but with the structural index N of the source as the exponent. Differently than previous methods, our choice gives a substantial objectivity to the form of the depth‐weighting function and to the consequent solutions. The allowed values for the exponent of the depth‐weighting function depend on the range of N for sources: 0 ≤N≤ 3 (magnetic case). The analysis regarding the cases of simple sources such as dipoles, dipole lines, dykes or contacts, validate our hypothesis. The study of a complex synthetic case also proves that the depth‐weighting decay cannot be necessarily assumed as equal to 3. Moreover it should not be kept constant for multi‐source models but should instead depend on the structural indices of the different sources. In this way we are able to successfully invert the magnetic data of the Vulture area, Southern Italy. An original aspect of the proposed inversion scheme is that it brings an explicit link between two widely used types of interpretation methods, namely those assuming homogeneous fields, such as Euler deconvolution or depth from extreme points transformation and the inversion under the Tikhonov‐form including a depth‐weighting function. The availability of further constraints, from drillings or known geology, will definitely improve the quality of the solution.  相似文献   

中国松辽盆地构造环境及东北地区地震活动特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高立新 《地震》2008,28(4):59-67

对松辽盆地的构造环境、 演化历史和盆地的成因机制进行了分析, 认为松辽盆地主要是在中国东北前中生代这一特殊的大地构造背景下由简单剪切作用形成的, 根据中浅层构造和地层特点, 可将松辽盆地划分为6个一级构造单元和31个二级构造单元。 在此基础上, 对东北地区中强浅源地震进行了期幕分析, 结果表明东北地区浅源地震具有20年活动的周期特征, 1900年以来可以分为5个活动期, 目前正处于第5个活动期的末期(1999—2010年), 未来几年东北地区仍有可能发生1～2次中强地震。 根据地震活动特点和松辽盆地内部中强地震成对特征, 位于内蒙古呼伦贝尔及邻区将是可能的发震区域。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中及周边地区下古生界构造样式与成因演化          下载免费PDF全文

云金表  宁飞  宋海明  刘士林 《地质科学》2019,54(2):319-329

文通过研究区深层主要变形带构造变形解析,确认塔东南下古生界构造基本轮廓形成于中奥陶世末,定型于奥陶纪末—志留纪,北部和西部分别有喜山期和海西晚期构造的叠加。以塔中Ⅰ构造带—塔中5-38井构造带、塘北—玉北构造带、塔中南缘构造带为界,研究区可分为4个构造样式不同的构造单元。单元边界的构造变形相对剧烈,以逆冲—走滑断裂带为主,单元内部构造变形相对较弱。自东南向盆地内部,构造变形由强变弱。东南边缘塘沽巴斯凹陷以弧形向西北展布的基底滑脱型逆冲构造为特征,变形最为剧烈。晚奥陶世以凹陷为主,奥陶纪末期志留纪褶皱隆起。北侧为塔中隆起,是一个断裂—褶皱复背斜,主体发育于中奥陶世晚期,缺失中奥陶统,且控制了上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积时期孤立台地沉积,于奥陶纪末—志留纪定型。构造带以基底卷入扭动挤压断裂—褶皱变形为主,总体受控于北缘断层,自西向东逆冲幅度增大,西部为南北对称复背斜,东部形成向北逆冲的构造带。塔中隆起西段自北向南由逆冲挤压向压扭性走滑构造转变。西部巴楚东段及塔西南东部以区域性的隆升为主,与塔中隆起相似,大面积缺失中奥陶统地层。北部顺托地区则以走滑断裂发育为主,断裂主要活动期为奥陶纪末—志留纪和海西晚期。构造变形组合显示,塔东南下古生界构造变形动力主要来自盆地东南部,是东昆仑与阿尔金洋渐进闭合、俯冲碰撞过程导致塔里木板块变形的产物。变形时序及研究区NE向断裂运动规律表明板块作用自中加里东至晚加里东持续压扭的过程。塔东南地区各单元构造样式与强度差异表明盆地盖层变形明显受到基底断块与内部寒武系膏泥岩分布的制约。其次,断裂的多期活动体现了后期构造的叠合改造的作用,顺托地区NE向断裂可能与海西晚期构造运动的延展有关。  相似文献   

非洲中部Muglad盆地Fula凹陷断裂特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

王彦奇  张光亚  刘爱香  黄彤飞  客伟利 《地质科学》2019,(1):145-158

Muglad盆地是非洲中部的一个中-新生代裂谷盆地,Fula凹陷是其北部的一个富油气凹陷。凹陷的圈闭类型包括断背斜、断鼻、断垒和断块等,均与断裂有关。本文通过地震资料解释,对凹陷内断裂的几何特征和发育期次进行分析,识别出Fula凹陷的主要构造样式,并制作了骨干剖面的构造平衡剖面,恢复了研究区自白垩纪以来的构造演化过程。研究结果表明:Fula凹陷可划分为4个构造层,分别为基底、第一裂陷、第二裂陷和第三裂陷构造层。自下而上,各构造层断裂走向逐渐由NNW转变为NWW。其中,基底构造层发育主干断层,控制Fula凹陷的构造格局;第一裂陷构造层发育大量的次级断层;第二、三裂陷构造层断裂密度变小,断距减小。研究区发育三级断裂,平面上多呈斜列式、平行、“帚状”或“辫状”组合,而剖面上多呈多米诺式、斜列式、铲式扇等组合。其中多数一、二级断裂在Abu Gabra期形成。由各断陷期的伸展速率可知,自白垩纪以来,Fula凹陷的断裂活动强度逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

中非Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷现今地层残余结构特征与成因     

黄彤飞  张光亚  刘爱香  史艳丽  王敏  邹荃  许昕  杨志强 《岩石学报》2019,35(4):1225-1237

盆地(或凹陷)结构是由盆地构造与沉积演化决定的,因此分析恢复中非Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷构造与沉积演化过程对于认识该凹陷现今残余结构具有重要的作用。本文通过对该凹陷现今结构特征描述、地层不整合面识别与剥蚀量恢复以及构造沉降和沉积充填历史恢复,并结合区域构造演化分析,对该凹陷现今结构几何学特征、运动学过程与动力学成因及控油作用进行了研究。结果表明:Sufyan凹陷现今地层剖面主要由第一裂谷作用旋回的沉积构成。该旋回期地层约占凹陷现今沉积地层厚度的79%～81%。凹陷现今残余结构主要受三期裂谷作用差异演化控制,而受晚白垩世挤压剥蚀(厚度介于0～360m之间)的影响较小。造成凹陷三期裂谷旋回差异演化的主要原因是三期伸展应力来源、大小、方向的差异。诱发凹陷第一裂谷旋回期的应力主要来源于由中非剪切带的剪切应力转换的伸展应力。第二裂谷旋回期,中非剪切带运动方向由右旋逐渐转为左旋,造成该凹陷位置的伸展应力场减弱,并逐渐转为挤压状态,使得该演化阶段早期沉积的地层(Darfur群)后期发生反转剥蚀减薄。在该凹陷第三裂谷旋回期,东非裂谷成为非洲大陆新的构造活动区域。受此影响,中非剪切带活动逐渐停止,而红海裂谷张开产生伸展应力场与该凹陷长轴近平行,造成第三期断坳旋回在该凹陷几乎不发育,最终使该凹陷现今早断早衰型残余结构得以形成。该结构控油作用主要体现在主力成藏组合与油气优势运移方向方面。早衰型结构造成了Sufyan凹陷中组合和上组合成藏条件不佳,其下组合Abu Gabra(简称AG,下同)组自生自储自盖型成藏组合为该凹陷的主力成藏组合。挤压反转造成中部构造带形成构造高部位,成为了凹陷油气二次运移的主要指向,是凹陷油气勘探的有利区带。  相似文献   

Structural phase transitions in aluminium above 320 GPa     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(2-3):243-252

With the application of pressure, a material decreases in volume as described in its equation of state, which is governed by energy considerations. At extreme pressures, common materials are thus expected to transform into new dense phases with extremely compact atomic arrangements that may also have unusual physical properties. For aluminium, first principle calculations have consistently predicted a phase transition sequence fcc–hcp–bcc in a pressure range below 0.5 TPa [1–7]. The hcp phase was identified at 217 GPa in an experiment (Akahama et al., 2006), and the bcc phase has been recently confirmed in a dynamic ramp-compression experiment coupled with time-resolved X-ray diffraction (Polsin et al. 2017). Here we confirm this observation with a synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction experiment carried out within a diamond-anvil cell and report indications of the onset of the transition towards a bcc structure at pressures beyond 320 GPa. With this work, we also demonstrate the possibility of routine static high-pressure experiments with conventional bevelled diamond-anvil geometry in the 0.3–0.4 TPa regime.  相似文献