Lithostratigraphic and structural reconstruction of the Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au Lemarchant volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit,Tally Pond group,central Newfoundland,Canada     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Lemarchant volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit (1.24 Mt grading at 0.58% Cu, 5.38% Zn, 1.19% Pb, 1.01 g/t Au, and 59.17 g/t Ag) is a bimodal-felsic VMS deposit hosted within the Late Cambrian (∼513–509 Ma) Tally Pond group of the Exploit Subzone in central Newfoundland, Canada. The deposit is hosted by andesitic volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks with subordinate dacite flows. The mineralisation is hosted by the dacites and is overlain by pillowed and massive basalts.Four structural breaks offset the local stratigraphic sequences including: 1) the LJ syn-volcanic shear zone; 2) the KJ syn-volcanic shear zone; 3) the Lemarchant thrust; and 4) the Bam normal fault. Deformation of the Lemarchant likely occurred during the Penobscot orogeny (486–478 Ma). Early deformation is marked with the local deformation of the LJ and KJ syn-volcanic shear zones during NW-SE compression which coincided with the development of the Lemarchant thrust. A late (<465 Ma) east trending normal fault, the Bam fault, affected the central portion of the Lemarchant area and down-faulted the southern portion of the study area relative to the northern portion.Immobile element systematics of all the sequences from the Lemarchant deposit are tholeiitic with transitional Zr/Y ratios (1.9–6.6), La_n/Sm_n ratios <1 (normalised to upper crust), and have primitive mantle extended rare earth elements profiles with slight light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched patterns with flat heavy REE (HREE), and weak to strong negative Nb, Zr, and Ti anomalies. Together, these geochemical features, coupled with an FIIIa signature, and existing mineralogical and Nd-Pb isotope data, are consistent with the rocks at the Lemarchant deposit having formed within a shallow (<1500 m) arc or migrating cross-arc seamount chain located within a young peri-continental rifted arc along the margin of Ganderia, within the Iapetus Ocean. The estimated shallow water emplacement of the deposit likely allowed boiling near or at the rock-sea water interface, ultimately resulting in precious metal enrichment of the Lemarchant deposit. It is suggested that cross-arcs within rifted arc environments may represent favourable exploration targets for precious metal-enriched VMS deposits.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的构造成因类型   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

何登发  崔永谦  张煜颖  单帅强  肖阳  张传宝  周从安  高园 《岩石学报》2017,33(4):1338-1356

冀中坳陷的潜山是油气勘探的重要领域。解剖潜山的地质结构、揭示潜山的成因机制是深化油气勘探领域的认识、深入分析潜山构造演化的关键。本文在覆盖全坳陷高精度的二维、三维地震资料,数百口深探井系统解释的基础上,应用构造解析方法,深入研究了潜山的地层系统、断裂构造与构造演化特征,提出了潜山成因分类的新方案。研究表明,冀中坳陷的潜山经历了前中生代建造形成、侏罗纪晚期挤压、白垩纪-古近纪多幕伸展断陷与新近纪-第四纪沉陷埋藏的形成过程;依据潜山发育的构造位置、构造变形特点与伸展变形的强度,将潜山划分为14种基本的成因类型;受控于长期演化及内外地质营力的联合作用,潜山多具有复合成因,在平面上不同成因类型的潜山带有规律地出现,主要有掀斜断块-高凸起型、反向断阶型、同向断阶-高凸起型、横向背斜或转换凸起-反转斜坡型、高凸起型-伸展外来断块型-反转斜坡型、高凸起型-双向旋转型-高凸起型、掀斜断块-变质核杂岩型等7种组合类型。其中,反向掀斜断块型、高凸起型、断阶型、反转型斜坡、外来断块型等成因类型的潜山因源-储组合、成山与成藏时期匹配而含油气性较好。冀中坳陷的潜山油气资源丰富,上述潜山成因分类方案有助于进一步剖析潜山的油气成藏机理与油气分布规律。  相似文献   

褐藻小粘膜藻的化学成分     

徐秀丽  范晓  宋福行  杨永春  韩丽君  石建功 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(1):18-23

应用正相硅胶、生物胶Bio-Beads、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和反相HPLC等层析方法,从小粘膜藻(Leathesia nana)中分离得到7个化合物,通过IR、MS、1D和2DNMR等波谱技术鉴定为4-羟基苯甲酸(1)、3．羟乙酰基吲哚(2)、2,3-二溴．4,5-二羟基苯甲醛(3)、3-溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲醛(4)、2,3．二溴-4,5．二羟基苯甲基乙醚(5)、双-(2,3-二溴-4,5-二羟基卞基)-醚(6)和3．溴-4．(2,3-二溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲基)-5-甲氧甲基苯二酚(7)。  相似文献   

游客感知视角下的旅游地竞争力结构方程模型   总被引：16，自引：12，他引：4  

史春云  张捷  尤海梅 《地理研究》2008,27(3):703-714

以世界遗产地九寨沟和庐山为例,基于游客感知视角,经过验证性因子分析、复核效度检验、因素恒等性检验发现,游客感知理论模型具有跨样本的稳定性和有效性。均值模型研究发现,除了服务感知结构变量,游客对九寨沟的资源和社区态度感知都显著优于庐山,总体满意度与忠诚度也好于庐山,因此九寨沟具有更突出的旅游竞争力。本研究拓展了旅游地竞争力定量评价研究方法,创新地将结构方程均值模型成功应用于不同类型的旅游地,建立社区态度结构变量,定量测度了社区利益主体与游客之间存在的交互作用,显示旅游地建设不能忽视社区各利益主体对游客和旅游业发展的态度。  相似文献   

Molecular orbital study on the onset of the pressure-induced transformations of the metastably compressed germanates     

T. Hattori  J. Mimaki  T. Yamanaka 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(4):261-266

In order to elucidate the onset of the pressure-induced transformations of germanates consisting of GeO₄ tetrahedra at room temperature, we have investigated the stability of the crystal structures near the transition pressure in terms of the stability of the linkage of the tetrahedra. The stability of the linkage near the transition pressure is estimated from the results of the molecular orbital calculations for the model cluster H₆Ge₂O₇, which mimics the linkage of tetrahedra, as functions of the bond length d(Ge–O_br) with bridging oxygen and bond angles Ge–O_br–Ge. The calculation shows that the total energy of the linkage becomes minimum at d(Ge–O_br)=1.758 Å and br–Ge=130.4°, and that it increases with the deviation from the energy minimum geometry. From the compression behavior of framework and chain germanates, we find that the linkage of the tetrahedra becomes unstable with increasing pressure, and that these germanates commonly transform into their high-pressure phases when the linkage of the tetrahedra largely departs from the energy minimum geometry. This suggests that the high-pressure transformations of the metastably compressed germanates are induced by the instability of the linkage of tetrahedra.  相似文献   

Methods for probabilistic assessments of geologic hazards     

C. John Mann 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(5):589-601

Although risk analysis today is considered to include three separate aspects (1) identifing sources of risk, (2) estimating probabilities quantitatively, and (3) evaluating consequences of risk, here only estimation of probabilities for natural geologic events, processes, and phenomena is addressed. Ideally, evaluation of potential future hazards includes an objective determination of probabilities that have been derived from past occurrences of identical events or components contributing to complex processes or phenomena. In practice, however, data which would permit objective estimation of those probabilities of interest may not be adequate, or may not even exist.Another problem that arises normally, regardless of the extent of data, is that risk assessments involve estimating extreme values. Probabilities are required for events that are the greatest or rarest because they commonly will have the greatest consequences; the largest, or rarest, events always fall in tails of frequency distributions. Rarely are extreme values accurately predictable even when an empirical frequency distribution is established well by data.In the absence of objective methods for estimating probabilities of natural events or processes, subjective probabilities for the hazard must be established through Bayesian methods, expert opinion, or Delphi methods. Alternative solutions may involve consequence analysis which may demonstrate that, although an event may occur, its consequences are sufficiently small that it safely may be ignored or by establishing bounds which may demonstrate that although probabilities are not known they cannot exceed a maximum value that is sufficiently small so that associated risk may be considered to be negligible.Uncertainty of every probability determination must be stated for each component of an event, process, or phenomenon. These uncertainties also must be propagated through the quantitative analysis so that a realistic estimate of total uncertainty can be associated with each final probability estimate for a geologic hazard.This paper was presented (by title) at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987.  相似文献   

Impact of GPS satellite and pseudolite geometry on structural deformation monitoring: analytical and empirical studies   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

X.?MengEmail author  G. W.?Roberts  A. H.?Dodson  E.?Cosser  J.?Barnes  C.?Rizos 《Journal of Geodesy》2004,77(12):809-822

Global positioning systems (GPS) have in recent years been increasingly used to monitor the deformations of large structures, particularly the deflections of long suspension bridges. When appropriately employed, and with the presence of a strong satellite geometry, GPS can supply timely and accurate structural deformation information. However, the three-dimensional (3-D) positioning accuracies in a local coordinate system are uneven. For instance, the vertical component of 3-D coordinates is less accurate than the horizontal component. In addition, GPS satellite availability tends to be a function of the latitude of the observation site and its surrounding obstructions. As a consequence, the accuracy of the north–south component is typically worse than that of the east–west component in mid-latitude areas (>45), and in some of the worst situations the horizontal positioning accuracy could even degrade to the same level as that of the vertical component. With such measurements it might not be possible to correctly interpret the real structural deformations. Furthermore, an insufficient number of satellites, caused by signal obstruction, could make it impossible to use GPS alone for kinematic positioning, even when integrated with other sensors such as triaxial accelerometers. With the aim of improving 3-D positioning accuracies for the monitoring of structural deflections, especially in vertical and northern directions, the optimal location selection of an array of ground-based pseudolites to augment GPS satellite geometry using an analytical simulation technique proposed by the authors is considered. Achievable 3-D positioning accuracies are estimated by simulating a real bridge deformation scenario using augmented transmitter geometry and compared with actual positioning accuracies calculated from the measurements gathered from a bridge trial. The results show that with an augmented satellite geometry and multipath mitigation it is possible to achieve uniform 3-D positioning accuracies of a few millimetres.  相似文献   

天山赛里木湖—博罗霍洛地区大地构造演化、分区及成矿   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

王核  彭省临  赖健清 《大地构造与成矿学》2000,24(4):295-302

赛里木湖—博罗霍洛地区大地构造演化经历了早元古代前地槽阶段、中元古代至古生代地槽阶段、三叠纪至侏罗纪地台阶段和白垩纪至新生代地洼阶段。本区经历二次造山作用 ,晚石炭世末的因尼卡拉运动使全区隆起褶皱成山 ,形成本区第一代山脉 ;第四纪强烈的断块运动造成本区今日所见的第二世代山脉——地洼断褶带山脉及断陷湖泊——赛里木湖。由北至南可分为 10个 级构造单元。中元古代的热水沉积、泥盆纪的岩浆侵入和火山喷溢、石炭纪的火山作用为本区主要的成矿热事件  相似文献   

精确测定钾长石的费氏台砂薄片法简介     

赵鸿 《湖南地质》1989,8(2):56-60

钾长石的2V和N_g∧⊥(010)、N_g∧⊥(001)的夹角是结构状态的函数,能够表明T_1四面体上Si-Al的有序度,具有重要的地质意义。在砂薄片上选取近于垂直a轴(近于垂直锐角等分线N_p)的钾长石碎屑,具有易于判定消光位的干涉色,取得清晰的干涉图象。在费氏台上用锥光法和四轴法能精确测定这些光学数据。此方法操作简便,精度可靠(误差在2°以内),是一种好的光学方法,值得推广。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1987,39(4):487-521

Book Reviewed in this article: Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India . Rais Akhtar and A.T.A. Learmonth , eds . Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment . Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica. American Electoral Mosaics . J. Clark Archer and Fred M. Shelley . Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie . W.S. Barnard , ed . Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City . Yehoshua Ben -Arieh . The World as a Total System . Kenneth E. Boulding . A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed . John Burnett . Human Migration . W.A.V. Clark . Regional Population Projection Models . Andrei Rogers . The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus . David Coleman and Roger Schofield , eds . Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future . Joseph C. Corn , ed. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú . Michael R. Dove . Glacial Geologic Processes . David Drewry . Physics of Desertification . Farouk El -Baz and M.H.A. Hassan , eds . Housing the Homeless . Jon Erickson and Charles Wilhelm , eds . Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map . Russel L. Gerlach . Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands . Yehuda Gradus , ed . Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks . Owen Greene , Ian Percival and Irene Ridge . The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City . Günter Heinritz and Elisabeth Lichtenberger , eds . Regional Input-Output Analysis . Geoffrey J. D. Hewings . Spatial Transportation Modeling . Christian Werner . The Atlas of Georgia . Thomas W. Hodler and Howard A. Schretter , eds . Latin America. 5th ed . Preston E. James and C.W. Minkel . Applied Remote Sensing . C.P. Lo . Localities, Class, and Gender . The Lancaster Regionalism Group . Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells . Stuart Lowe . Politics and Method . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan , eds . Land Use . A. S. Mather . The Kingdom of Coal . Donald L. Miller and Richard E. Sharpless . The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700 . Thomas H. Naylor and Charles W. Polzer , S.J., comps . and eds . Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety . Stan Openshaw . The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart . Thomas O'Toole . Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology . Márton Pécsi , ed . Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation . Floyd F. Sabins , Jr . Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States . Jurgen Schmandt and Hilliard Roderick , eds . Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology . M.J. Selby . International Migration: The Female Experience . Rita J. Simon and Caroline B. Brettell , eds . On Geography and Its History . D.R. Stoddart . Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach . D. Teodorovic . Processes in Physical Geography . R.D. Thompson , A.M. Mannion , C.W. Mitchell , M. Parry , J.R.G. Townshend . Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys . J.W. Trevett . Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets . Yi -Fu Tuan . Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century . James E. Vance , Jr . Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution . Edward Yourdon .  相似文献