基于泸定6.8级地震某二层混凝土框架结构损伤分析     

薛红京  耿伟  陆新征  束伟农  蔡青  陈星雨  常虹  许刚 《中国地震》2023,39(1):21-31

2022年9月5日四川甘孜州泸定县发生6.8级地震,相关台站记录到水平向地震动峰值加速度达到891cm/s²,竖直向地震动峰值加速度为175cm/s²,地震造成严重人员伤亡和建筑物倒塌。为进一步了解本次地震对建筑物破坏作用,采用大型通用有限元软件SAUSG2022,对震中某二层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行弹塑性动力时程分析。结果表明,在泸定地震动作用下,该建筑物损伤严重,有倒塌风险,损伤部位与损伤程度与现场情况基本相符。而采用隔震技术后,分析结果表明在泸定地震动作用下建筑物损伤轻微。  相似文献   

土地类型结构格局与山地生态设计   总被引：23，自引：7，他引：16  

刘彦随 《山地学报》1999,17(2):104-109

以陕西秦岭北坡为例,进行了土地类型空间结构,数量结构和质量结构的系统分析,提出了土地类型格局的空间层次性,结构多级性和功能多元性的观点。并就区域宏观尺度进行了山地系统生态模式设计。  相似文献   

Advancing fracture fragility assessment of pre-Northridge welded column splices     

Biao Song  Carmine Galasso  Amit Kanvinde 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(2):132-154

A refined probabilistic assessment of seismic demands and fracture capacity of welded column splice (WCS) connections in welded steel moment resisting frames (WSMRFs) is presented. Seismic demand assessment is performed through cloud-based nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) for two case-study structures, i.e., a 4- and a 20- story WSMRFs. Results from NLTHA are used to derive fracture fragility of WCS connections. To this aim, the study investigates (1) optimal ground-motion intensity measures for conditioning probabilistic seismic demand models in terms of global (i.e., maximum inter-story drift ratio) and local (i.e., peak tensile stress in the flange of WCSs) engineering demand parameters of WSMRFs; (2) the effect of ground-motion vertical components on the longitudinal flange stress of WCS connections and their resulting fracture fragility; and (3) the effect of WCS capacity uncertainties on the fracture fragility estimates of those connections. For the latter case, an advanced finite element fracture mechanics-based approach proposed by the authors is employed to capture aleatory and epistemic uncertainties affecting fracture capacities. The focus is on pre-Northridge WCS connections featuring partial joint penetration and brittle materials, making them highly vulnerable to seismic fracture. Fracture fragility results for the case-study structures are compared and discussed, highlighting the importance of the considered issues on fragility estimates, particularly in the case of high-rise structures. Findings from the study contribute shedding some light on the influence of seismic demand and capacity uncertainties on the assessment of fracture fragility of WCS connections. These findings can guide similar performance-based assessment exercises for WSMRFs to inform, for instance, the planning and design of retrofitting strategies for those vulnerable connections.  相似文献   

构造柱和砌筑砂浆对砌体结构抗震能力影响分析     

王骁  孙柏涛  闫培雷  赵河先 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):501-512

以汶川地震宏观震中映秀镇(实际烈度Ⅺ度)中裂而未倒且保存较完好的漩口中学南西栋教师宿舍楼为原型,采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行建模分析,研究构造柱布置数量、砂浆强度对砌体结构抗震能力的影响。分别通过改变构造柱布置数量和砂浆强度等级,建立3个模型进行对比分析,选取底层间位移角最大值作为衡量标准。研究结果表明:在遭遇烈度不高于Ⅷ度的地震时,构造柱的作用微乎其微,其布置数量的多少对砌体结构抗震能力的增加效果不明显;在遭遇烈度高于Ⅷ度的地震时,构造柱作用能够显现出来,其布置数量的增加能够有效增加砌体结构的抗震能力;砌体结构的抗震性能随砂浆强度等级的增加而提高。  相似文献   

Impact of model free parameters and sea-level rise uncertainties on 20-years shoreline hindcast: the case of Truc Vert beach (SW France)     

Maurizio D'Anna  Déborah Idier  Bruno Castelle  Gonéri Le Cozannet  Jeremy Rohmer  Arthur Robinet 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(8):1895-1907

Shoreline change is driven by various complex processes interacting at a large range of temporal and spatial scales, making shoreline reconstructions and predictions challenging and uncertain. Despite recent progress in addressing uncertainties related to the physics of sea-level rise, very little effort is made towards understanding and reducing the uncertainties related to wave-driven shoreline response. To fill this gap, the uncertainties associated with the long-term modelling of shoreline change are analysed at a high-energy cross-shore transport dominated site. Using the state-of-the-art LX-Shore shoreline change model, we produce a probabilistic shoreline reconstruction, based on 3000 simulations over the past 20 years at Truc Vert beach, southwest France, whereby sea-level rise rate, depth of closure and three model free parameters are considered uncertain variables. We further address the relative impact of each source of uncertainty on the model results performing a Global Sensitivity Analysis. This analysis shows that the shoreline changes are mainly sensitive to the three parameters of the wave-driven model, but also that the sensitivity to each of these parameters is strongly modulated seasonally and interannually, in relation with wave energy variability, and depends on the time scale of interest. These results have strong implications on the model skill sensitivity to the calibration period as well as for the predictive skill of the model in a context of future climate change affecting wave climate and extremes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Research of the Differential Uplifting in the Palongzangbu Region Based on the Synthesis of the Watershed Index and Seismic Data     

Wang Lin  Zhao Yan  Tian Qinjian  Li Wenqiao  Xu Yueren 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):64-79

Research on the differential uplifting in the Palongzangbu region is crucial to understanding the tectonic deformation mechanism and establishing the model of the faulted blocks in the region of the east structural knot. In this paper, based on the ASTER-30m DEM, we calculate the hypsometry index (HI) of 19 watersheds in the Palongzangbu region, and study the differential uplifting in this region combining with seismic data, the ground deposition and erosion process. The result shows that the spatial distribution of the HI value can reflect the differential uplifting in the study area. Differential uplifting exists within different zones, and there are 2 relative strong uplifting centers. One center is near the east structural knot, and the other lies between the Lhari fault and Nujiang fault at their converging segment. Also, the watershed evolution, seismic activity, and ground deposition and erosion process are closely related to each other, and they constitute a chain of evidence which reveals the whole process from the tectonic movement underground to the landform evolution on the surface.  相似文献   

基于三维图像模式识别的西藏东南部地震灾害损失风险评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李昌珑  李宗超  吕红山  高孟潭 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):393-410

本文在对西藏东南部各县的建筑类型、数量、易损性调查的基础上,对不同类型的建筑建立了模式类向量,使用三维图像模式识别技术估计了各类型建筑在西藏东南部各县市的数量分布,建立了不同建筑物的结构易损性和人口易损性模型,并且估算了西藏东南部各县在遭遇一次设定地震时的损失分布和基于危险性的未来50年可能的损失分布情况.本文研究表明,若曲松—桑日发生7.5级地震,可能造成拉萨、山南两市较重的人员伤亡,其中曲松县和乃东区伤亡最重.西藏东南部未来50年建筑地震风险最高的地区是拉萨市区、林芝市区和错那县,其中拉萨市区的建筑财产损失风险最高.  相似文献   

2008年MS6.1攀枝花地震震源区多参数结构成像及发震机制研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄润秋  柳存喜  王志  刘冠男 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4620-4632

通过联合反演123,053个P、Pn、Pg震相和100,176个S、Sn、Sg震相数据,获得了2008年M_S6.1攀枝花地震震源及其周边区域的高分辨率三维纵、横波速度(V_P,V_S)和泊松比(σ)图像.结合研究区域地壳应力数据综合分析发现,攀枝花地震发生在高-低纵、横波速度转换带,并且在震源下方存在一显著的低V_S和高σ异常体延伸至下地壳.本研究认为,该构造特征主要是由于西侧坚硬的川滇菱形块体对来自深部流体或熔融物质具有一定的阻挡作用,绝大部分流体或熔融物质通过断裂带向东南侧的块体内部迁移,造成断裂带两侧块体的岩石物理属性差异较大所致.研究结果表明,攀枝花地震发生在剪切应力较强的元谋—绿汁江断裂带上,震源下方的流体或部分熔融物质被挤入至震源的断层或裂隙中,增加了震源区岩石的流体应力,降低了横波速度(V_S)、增加了岩石的泊松比(σ).我们推测,流体侵入在攀枝花地震形成上扮演了重要角色,来自于青藏高原下地壳的大量的流体或部分熔融物质被挤入震源区岩体的断层或裂缝中,这一过程增加了震源区的孔隙流体压力、减弱岩石的机械强度,同时岩石的静摩擦力增加,导致容易引起岩体脆性形变,从而诱发地震.  相似文献   

Developing collapse fragility curves for base-isolated buildings     

Donatello Cardone  Giuseppe Perrone  Valentino Piesco 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(1):78-102

Seismic isolation technique is increasingly used both for the design of new buildings and for the seismic retrofit of existing buildings. Nevertheless, so far, little attention has been paid on the collapse capacity of these structures, mainly because it requires refined nonlinear models and careful consideration of different sources of uncertainties. To fill this gap, a set of collapse fragility functions for existing reinforced concrete-frame buildings, designed for gravity loads only and then retrofitted with different isolation systems (including rubber-based and friction-based isolation systems), are derived in this study. For completeness, buildings with low and high seismic resistance are also considered. Collapse fragility functions are derived through incremental dynamic analysis, considering different collapse conditions both for isolation system and superstructure. For each case study building, mean and dispersion values are obtained considering both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, due to record-to record and model variability, respectively. Finally, some comments on the possible use of the results of this study for practical applications are made.  相似文献   

海上消防系统风险分析探讨     

韩圣章  郭海涛  阎宏生 《海洋技术学报》2004,23(4):85-89

平台消防系统可靠与否直接影响到平台及平台操作人员的安全。文章在采用故障树方法对平台消防系统发生失效的路径及可能性进行分析。针对有些事件的发生频率极小但危险性极大的问题,引入危险度的概念,对可靠性进行量化,即计算产生概率,同时提出了计算模糊事件概率期望值的方法。为有效评估油气生产系统的安全性,以及建立起稳定可靠的功能服务系统提供了理论依据。  相似文献