Sedimentation and Iithostratigraphy of the North Sea Drift and Lowestoft Till Formations in the Coastal cliffs of northeast Norfolk,England     

Juha Pekka Lunkka 《第四纪科学杂志》1994,9(3):209-233

The most complete terrestrial sequence of Anglian (Elsterian) glacial sediments in western Europe was investigated in northeast Norfolk, England in order to reconstruct the evolution of the contemporary palaeoenvironments. Lithostratigraphically the glacial sediments in the northeast Norfolk coastal cliffs can be divided into the Northn Sea Drift and Lowestoft Till Formations. Three of the diamicton members of the North Sea Drift Formation (Happisburgh, Walcott and Cromer Diamictons) were deposited as lodgement and/or subglacial deformation till by grounded ice, but one, the Mundesley Diamicton, is waterlain and was deposited in an extensive glacial lake. Sands and fine sediments interbedded between the diamictons represent deltaic sands and glaciolacustrine sediments derived not solely from the melting ice in the north but also from extra-marginal rivers in the south. The Lowestoft Till Formation is not well preserved in the cliffs but includes lodgement till (Marly Drift till) and, most probably, associated meltwater deposits. Extensive glaciotectonism in the northern part of the area is shown to relate to oscillating ice that deposited the Cromer Diamicton and also partially to the ice sheet that deposited the Marly Drift till. It is suggested that during the Anglian Stage the present day northeast Norfolk coast was situated on the northwestern margin of an extensive glaciolacustrine basin. This basin was dammed by the Scandinavian ice sheet in the north and northeast. Because the grounding line of this ice sheet oscillated in space and time, part of the North Sea Drift diamictons were deposited directly by this ice. However, during ice retreat phases glaciolacustrine deposition comprised waterlain diamicton, sands and fines. When the Scandinavian ice sheet was situated in northernmost Norfolk, the British ice sheet (responsible for depositing the Marly Drift facies) entered the area from the west. This ice sheet partially deformed the North Sea Drift Formation sediments in the northern part of the area but not in the south, where the British ice sheet apparently terminated in water. The interplay of these two ice sheets on the northern and western margins of the glacial lake is thought to be the major determining factor for the accumulation of thick glacial deposits in this area during the Anglian glaciation.  相似文献   

The extent of the Late Weichselian ice sheet in the southeastern Barents Sea     

Valery Gataullin  Jan Mangerud  John Inge Svendsen   《Global and Planetary Change》2001,31(1-4)

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Glacial geomorphology and ice ages in Tibet and the surrounding mountains   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthias  Kuhle 《Island Arc》2005,14(4):346-367

Abstract   Since 1973 new data have been obtained on the maximum extent of glaciation in High Asia. Evidence for an ice sheet covering Tibet during the last glacial period means a radical rethinking about glaciation in the northern hemisphere. The ice sheet's subtropical latitude, vast size (2.4 million km²) and high elevation (6000 m a.s.l.) are supposed to have resulted in a substantial, albedo-induced cooling of the Earth's atmosphere and the disruption of summer monsoon circulation. Moraines were found to reach down to 460 m a.s.l. on the southern flank of the Himalayas and to 2300 m a.s.l. on the northern slope of the Tibetan Plateau, in the Qilian Shan region. On the northern slopes of the Karakoram, Aghil and Kuen-Lun Mountains, moraines occur as far down as 1900 m a.s.l. In southern Tibet, radiographic analyses of erratics suggest a former ice thickness of at least 1200 m. Glacial polish and roches moutonnées in the Himalayas and Karakoram suggest former glaciers as thick as 1200–2700 m. On the basis of this evidence, a 1100–1600-m lower equilibrium line has been reconstructed, resulting in an ice sheet of 2.4 million km², covering almost all of Tibet. Radiometric ages, obtained by different methods, classify this glaciation as isotope stage 3–2 in age (Würmian, the last glacial period, ca  60 000–18 000 years ago).  相似文献   

利用TM高光谱图像提取青藏高原喀喇昆仑山区现代冰川边界   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

张世强  卢健  刘时银 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(5):435-440

采用阈值法、监督分类、非监督分类、谱间关系法对冰川的TM图像进行了分类,证明利用比值图像取阈值是对冰川区图像分类的有效手段。对图像处理的结果进行了分析和解释,并指出了存在的问题。  相似文献   

Paleozoic glaciation in NE Africa: field and remote sensing-based evidence from the South Eastern Desert of Egypt     

Mohamed S. Elhebiry  Ibrahim Abu El-Leil  Alan E. Kehew  Mahmoud H. Bekiet  Islam Abdel Shahid 《International Geology Review》2020,62(9):1187-1204

ABSTRACT

Exhumed Paleozoic glacial deposits and landforms of the North Gondwana are reported here for the first time from the South Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt. Using field observations and remote sensing datasets (Advanced Land Observing Satellite [ALOS], Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar [PALSAR] radar, multispectral Landsat TM datasets, and digital elevation models [DEMs]), we mapped the distribution of Paleozoic glacial features (i.e. deposits and landforms) in the SED. Two main glaciogenic facies were identified in three locations in the SED: (1) massive, poorly sorted, matrix supported, boulder-rich diamictites in Wadi El-Naam and Korbiai, and (2) moderately-sorted, occasionally bedded outwash deposits in Betan area. Inspection of radar, DEMs, and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images revealed previously unrecognized ENE-WSW trending glacial megalineations (MLs) over the peneplained Neoproterozoic basement rocks in the central sections of the SED, whose trends align along their projected extension with those of glacial features (tunnel valleys and striation trends) reported from Saudi Arabia. The glaciogenic features in the SED are believed to be largely eroded during the uplift associated with the Red Sea opening, except for those preserved as basal units beneath the Nubia Sandstone Formation or as remnant isolated deposits within paleo-depressions within the basement complex. The apparent spatial correlation of the SED glacial features with well-defined Late Ordovician deposits in North Africa and in Saudi Arabia, and the reported thermochronometric analyses and fossil records are consistent with a Late Ordovician age for the SED glaciogenic features and support models that call on the continuation of the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) ice sheet from the Sahara into Arabia through the SED of Egypt.  相似文献   

A simple method to classify diamicts by scanning electron microscope from surface microtextures     

Mats O. Molén 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2020-2041

Interpretation of quartz sand grain surface microtextures with scanning electron microscopy has been riddled with inconsistencies, invalid assumptions and much subjectivity. Therefore, a novel classification for analysing grain surface microtextures is presented based on the origin of complete grain surfaces. This novel method has solved most of the earlier problems of interpretation of surface microtextures, and it is easy to use and to quickly find evident genetic interpretations of diamicts. The data are plotted graphically in ‘2‐History Diagrams’ or ‘3‐History Diagrams’ for quick visual inspection and statistical evaluation. Source rocks and Quaternary glacial deposits from Scandinavia and Southern Ontario, representing different ice‐substrate dynamics, are analysed to define surface microtextures from typical glacigenic grains, bedrock and fluvially transported grains. Typical glacially crushed grains display large‐scale fractures and abrasion. Shield bedrock grains display large or small‐scale fractures and solution/precipitation microtextures. Fluvially transported grains exhibit abrasion and solution/precipitation microtextures.  相似文献   

中国东部晚元古冰成岩的古地磁及地质意义     

张文治  李怀坤  王官福  张金起 《华北地质》2001,24(1):35-57

笔者重点研究了华北地块南缘罗圈组纹泥岩和扬子地块东南缘南沱组冰碛岩的古地磁特征。在四个剖面的 2 5个点采集 2 72块样品 ,用超导磁力仪测量了大部岩石样品的剩余磁性。通过详细的逐步热退磁清洗和数学分析 ,岩石等温剩磁实验 ,以及倒转、广义褶皱和一致性检验 ,从而获得新的较为可靠的古地磁数据。华北地块在最晚元古 ( 62 0～ 60 0Ma)处于 13.9°S ;而扬子地块在晚元古 ( 730～ 70 0Ma)处于 19.2°N。新的古地磁数据补充了中国东部华北、扬子地块晚元古震旦纪的古地磁数据库。地质观察事实和不同研究者获得的数据都表明 ,两地块在 80 0～ 60 0Ma期间处于低古纬度的热带、亚热带气候环境中。全球所有大陆该时期冰成岩及上、下层位非冰成岩—碳酸盐岩岩石学和古地磁研究认为 ,晚元古低纬度冰川形成与全球超大陆的裂离和引起的气候异常有关。晚元古冰川沉积可以分为两个构造 -地层类型。它们记录了晚元古超大陆拼合和分离时冰川作用的构造 -沉积位置 ,最普遍的是在超大陆分离的持续期间 ,在扩张构造域形成冰川沉积 ,因此冰川沉积都与活动边缘盆地和裂谷盆地有关。我国南沱冰成岩分布于扬子地块及其东南缘的浙西、皖南、赣北、湘西、桂北等地的NE -SW伸长的大陆边缘敞开的海盆内 ,具有强烈的火山和冰  相似文献   

东北印度洋区BAR9427岩心末次冰期以来的古季风活动记录     

丁旋  方念乔 《地球科学》2006,31(6):765-772

末次冰期旋回尤其是氧同位素3期气候明显不稳定, 南亚季风活动并不遵循冰期间冰期的规律.通过东北印度洋区位于安达曼海南部、苏门答腊岛西北端格雷特海峡的BAR9427岩心的古海洋学研究, 并与相邻孟加拉湾地区的MD77181和MD81349二支岩心进行对比分析, 认识到末次冰期氧同位素2期时, 研究区东北冬季风增强, 上升流活跃, 古生产力较高, 同时近岸地区蒸发作用强烈, 海水盐度升高.末次冰期大间冰阶氧同位素3期的早、晚期, 研究区西南夏季风活动强烈, 向东的西南季风流, 使得孟加拉湾中部盐度升高, 而北部由于季风降雨, 大量的淡水输入使得盐度大幅度下降, 且八月盐度远低于二月.西南夏季风变化遵循23ka的岁差周期, 在我国青藏高原、黄土与沙漠以及阿拉伯海等区都有表现.   相似文献   

四川茂县较场湖相沉积磁性地层初步研究     

王书兵  李毅  夏雄刚  范振飞  傅建利  王燕  蒋复初 《地质力学学报》2006,12(4):416-422

四川茂县较场剖面厚101.1m,其中湖相沉积厚98.0m,为一套浅黄色-灰色的粉砂、粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土层。古地磁测试显示,除2个样品的磁偏角显示负极性外,其余样品的磁偏角全部为正,属布容正极性时,没有出现B/M界线。根据该套地层的岩性、岩相和所处的地貌部位,可以和云南金沙江谷地的龙街组对比,推测其开始沉积的时代为100~120 kaBP.另外,距顶4.0 m处光释光年龄为16.7±1.2 kaBP,推测其结束于10kaBP.湖相沉积历时约100kaBP,是岷江流域出露的末次(间)冰期以来厚度最大的剖面之一。   相似文献   

西藏当雄-羊八井盆地的第四纪地质与断裂活动研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

吴中海  赵希涛  吴珍汉  江万  胡道功 《地质力学学报》2006,12(3):305-316

在当雄-羊八井盆地进行的详细地质填图工作表明,该盆地中堆积了上新世或早更新世以来多套不同成因的沉积物。其中最显著的是形成于约700~500kaB.P.、250~125kaB.P.和75~12kaB.P.等三个阶段的冰川和冰水沉积物,它们指示念青唐古拉山地区在中更新世以来曾有过三次冰期。对念青唐古拉山东南麓断裂带的研究表明,该断裂带包含了三条次级断层带,它们具有不断向盆地内部迁移和多期活动的特点,其中中更新世以来的几次重要活动分别发生在700~500kaB.P.、350~220 kaB.P.、140kaB.P.和70~50kaB.P.。断裂带错动中更新世以来地层所形成的断层崖高度随着地层时代的变新发生系统地减小,指示该断裂的垂直活动速率介于0.4mm/a~2mm/a之间,其中第四纪期间的长期的平均垂直活动速率为1.1±0.3mm/a,而全新世期间的垂直活动速率为1.4±0.6mm/a.   相似文献