中国塔里木板块南华纪成冰事件及其地层对比   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高林志  郭宪璞  丁孝忠  宗文明  高振家  张传恒  王自强 《地球学报》2013,34(1):39-57

"雪球地球"假说为全球新元古代冰碛岩研究注入了新的活力。各国地质学家根据新元古代冰碛岩全球各大洲发育的特点,并依据同位素年龄、δ13C/δ18O和Sr的比值和化学蚀变指数(CIA)为全球的新元古界划分出4个冰期,但国际上的4个冰期的限定,是各大洲不同剖面冰期的集合。新元古代冰期事件周期变化视为早期生物复苏和早期动物分异的起点。由于国际埃迪卡拉系底界(GSSP)年龄,即成冰系顶界年龄确定后,使成冰系底界年龄成为当前研究的重点。中国新疆塔里木板块库鲁克塔格地区新元古代冰碛岩是目前世界各大陆中发育有4套连续的新元古代冰碛岩和多期火成岩事件的唯一剖面,它的进一步深入研究,可以备考全球冰期的同步性,以期建立全球新元古代冰碛岩标准剖面。本文报道了来自塔里木西南缘南华系波龙组的碎屑锆石年龄,有助于我们对塔里木板块西南缘南华系时代的限定。  相似文献   

Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Kunlun Pass area and uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Yongqiu Wu  Zhijiu Cui  Gengnian Liu  Daokai Ge  Jiarun Yin  Qinghai Xu  Qiqing Pang 《Geomorphology》2001,36(3-4)

There is a set of Late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass area, Tibetan Plateau, China. Paleomagnetic, ESR and TL dating suggest that they date from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene. Analyses of stratigraphy, sedimentary characteristic, and evolution of the fauna and flora indicate that, from the Pliocene to the early Quaternary (about 5–1.1 Ma BP), there was a relatively warm and humid environment, and a paleolake occurred around the Kunlun Pass. The elevation of the Kunlun Pass area was no more than 1500 m, and only one low topographic divide existed between the Qaidam Basin and the Kunlun Pass Basin. The geomorphic pattern in the Kunlun Pass area was influenced by the Kunlun–Yellow River Tectonic Movement 1.1–0.6 Ma BP. The Wangkun Glaciation (0.7–0.5 Ma) is the maximum Quaternary glaciation in the Pass and in other areas of the Plateau. During the glaciation, the area of the glaciers was 3–5 times larger than that of the present glacier in the Pass area. There was no Xidatan Valley that time. The extreme geomorphic changes in the Kunlun Pass area reflect an abrupt uplift of the Tibet Plateau during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. This uplift of the Plateau has significance on both the Plateau itself and the surrounding area.  相似文献   

晚第四纪柴达木盆地盐湖成盐期与冰期对比方案的再认识   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈安东  顾佳妮  王学锋  韩光  李洪普  袁文虎 《矿床地质》2022,41(2):426-439

文章以柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图、昆特依和一里坪盐湖共计6个中更新统—全新统含盐地层剖面为研究对象,通过铀系测年和光释光测年测定其成盐年代,利用X射线衍射分析测定其盐类矿物种类.察汗斯拉图D19剖面芒硝和石盐层的铀系年代为(231.5±19.5)～(239.5±40.4)ka BP,对应于深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)7早期;昆...  相似文献   

Meltwater discharge through the subglacial bed and its land‐forming consequences from numerical experiments in the Polish lowland during the last glaciation     

Jan A. Piotrowski  Piotr Hermanowski  Agnieszka M. Piechota 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(4):481-492

Numerical experiments suggest that the last glaciation severely affected the upper lithosphere groundwater system in NW Poland: primarily its flow pattern, velocities and fluxes. We have simulated subglacial groundwater flow in two and three spatial dimensions using finite difference codes for steady‐state and transient conditions. The results show how profoundly the ice sheet modifies groundwater pressure heads beneath and some distance beyond the ice margin. All model runs show water discharge at the ice forefield driven by ice‐sheet‐thickness‐modulated, down‐ice‐decreasing hydraulic heads. In relation to non‐glacial times, the transient 3D model shows significant changes in the groundwater flow directions in a regionally extensive aquifer ca. 90 m below the ice–bed interface and up to 40 km in front of the glacier. Comparison with empirical data suggests that, depending on the model run, only between 5 and 24% of the meltwater formed at the ice sole drained through the bed as groundwater. This is consistent with field observations documenting abundant occurrence of tunnel valleys, indicating that the remaining portion of basal meltwater was evacuated through a channelized subglacial drainage system. Groundwater flow simulation suggests that in areas of very low hydraulic conductivity and adverse subglacial slopes water ponding at the ice sole was likely. In these areas the relief shows distinct palaeo‐ice lobes, indicating fast ice flow, possibly triggered by the undrained water at the ice–bed interface. Owing to the abundance of low‐permeability strata in the bed, the simulated groundwater flow depth is less than ca. 200 m. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Controls on sediment evacuation from glacially modified and unmodified catchments in the eastern Sierra Nevada,California     

Miriam Dühnforth  Alexander L. Densmore  Susan Ivy‐Ochs  Philip A. Allen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(10):1602-1613

The degree of glacial modification in small catchments along the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, controls the timing and pattern of sediment flux to the adjacent fans. There is a close relationship between the depth of fan‐head incision and the pattern and degree of Late Pleistocene catchment erosion by valley glaciers; catchments with significant glacial activity are associated with deeply incised fan heads, whereas fans emerging from glacially unmodified catchments are unincised. We suggest that the depth of fan‐head incision is controlled by the potential for sediment storage during relatively dry ice‐free periods, which in turn is related to the downstream length of the glacially modified valley and creation of accommodation through valley floor slope lowering and glacial valley overdeepening and widening. Significant storage in glacially modified basins during ice‐free periods leads to sediment supply‐limited conditions at the fan head and causes deep incision. In contrast, a lack of sediment trapping allows quasi‐continuous sediment supply to the fan and prevents incision of the fan head. Sediment evacuation rates should thus show large variations in glacially modified basins, with major peaks during glacial and lows during interglacial or ice‐free periods, respectively. In contrast, sediment removal from glacially unmodified catchments in this type of setting should be free of this effect, and will be dominated instead by short‐term variations, modulated for example by changes in vegetation cover or storm frequency. This distinction may help improve our understanding of long‐term sediment yields as a measure of erosional efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

玉龙雪山西麓冰碛(水)砾岩的工程地质特性研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张永双  郭长宝  石菊松  曲永新  赵希涛 《现代地质》2007,21(1):150-156

作为滇西北、川西和西藏地区最重要的第四纪堆积物类型之一,冰川堆积物的工程性质及其相关的地质灾害和工程问题研究日益受到工程界的关注。通过对上述地区大量冰碛物和冰水沉积物的现场调查发现,冰碛物和冰水沉积物是一类成分、结构和性质都十分复杂的第四纪堆积物,其工程性质主要与母岩成分和充填胶结物的矿物成分密切相关。发育在石灰岩地区的冰碛物和冰水沉积物因钙质（方解石）的次生胶结,而成为单轴抗压强度达10.94～14.22 MPa的岩石,作者称其为“冰碛（水）砾岩”。结合滇藏铁路滇西北段线路比选和优化工作,对云南玉龙雪山西麓第四纪冰川堆积物的类型和分布特征进行了详细的野外调查;在室内物理力学试验的基础上,着重研究了冰碛（水）砾岩的胶结物成分与胶结作用、水稳性、力学性质、声波速度等方面的特性,这不仅可以丰富现代岩石力学的研究内容,而且对本区铁路工程建设和水力资源的开发具有重要的实际价值。  相似文献   

新元古代冰期及其年代   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

黄晶  储雪蕾  张启锐  冯连君 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):249-256

新元古代在全球范围内出现了几期冰期事件,称之为“雪球地球”事件。这种剧烈的环境变化带来此后地球上生命演化的一次飞跃。“雪球地球”事件的核心是全球冰期的同时性,需要同位素地质年代学的证据。新元古代末期两次主要的冰期事件是Marinoan冰期和Sturtian冰期,其中Marinoan冰期结束于635Ma;Sturtian冰期可能发生在710～720Ma,已发表的年龄数据限定它在670Ma之前结束。Marinoan冰期后的Gaskiers冰期发生在580～590Ma。对华南的古城、铁丝坳、长安组、江口组等进行进一步精确定年,将对限定Sturtian冰期持续时间和Cryogenian、南华系的下限年龄具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Subaqueous mass flow origin for Lower Permian diamictites and associated facies of the Grant Group, Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Eyles  & Eyles 《Sedimentology》2000,47(2):343-356

The intracratonic Canning Basin is Western Australia's largest sedimentary basin (>400 000 km²) and has experienced repeated episodes of Phanerozoic extension and subsidence, resulting in deposition of a number of first-order 'megasequences'. A major phase of basin extension and sedimentation (Grant Group) occurred in the Late Carboniferous/Early Permian when Australia lay at high palaeolatitudes. Facies analysis of 5000 m of drill core from 25 continuously cored wells in Grant Group strata on the fault-bounded Barbwire Terrace in the northern Canning Basin identified three facies associations (FAs). These record the predominance of fault-generated, subaqueous mass flow and sediment reworking. The lowest association (FA I; up to 355 m thick) rests unconformably on tilted older strata and consists of coarse-grained, subaqueously deposited, sediment gravity flow facies. These include fault-generated breccias, massive and graded sandstones and conglomerates deposited by turbidity currents and diamictites generated by mixing of different textural populations during downslope remobilization. FA I is overlain abruptly by relatively fine-grained deposits of FA II (up to 140 m thick), which consist of laminated to thin-bedded mudstone and sandstone turbidites, recording an abrupt increase in relative water depths. In turn, these facies coarsen upwards and are transitional into shallow-water, swaley cross-stratified and rippled sandstones of FA III (up to 125 m thick). The overall stratigraphic succession probably records an initial phase of faulting and accommodation of coarse sediment (FA I), a subsequent phase of rapid subsidence, increasing water depths and 'sediment underfilling' (FA II) and, finally, a regressive phase of shoreface progradation. The occurrence of rare striated clasts in FA I suggests reworking of glacial sediment, but no direct glacial influence on sedimentation can be identified.  相似文献   

气候地层划分和命名的脆弱性     

张守信 《第四纪研究》2000,20(2):206-210

中国东部是否存在第四纪冰川作用之争论,自从李四光１９３４年提出该学说以来已经持续达６５年之久,迄今尚未终结。本文认为冰川时间单位实际上只是一个地质时(ｇｅｏｃｈｒｏｎ)。由于冰川是缓慢前进和后退的,因而冰期和间冰期的时间值从北向南随地而异,其界线是穿时的。通常承认冰期是一个单位,但不是时间岩石单位。中国东部第四纪冰川学说存在不肯定性暴露了气候地层划分和冰川地层单位命名的脆弱性。作者建议使用术语“杂砾岩”来取代“冰碛层”一词。  相似文献   

山西宁武吕梁山北段第四纪冰川遗迹的发现及意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孟宪刚  朱大岗  邵兆刚  余佳  韩建恩  孟庆伟 《地质力学学报》2004,10(4):327-336

山西宁武吕梁山北段,平均海拔约2000米,相对高差数百米至千米左右,属中山区。第四纪冰川遗迹十分发育,类型多种多样,特征明显。冰川遗迹有:U形谷、刃脊、角峰、冰斗、冰窖及分布于U形谷中的大量冰川漂砾、冰碛、冰水堆积、冰臼、变形砾石、条痕石等。该区古冰川遗迹的大量发现,不仅证明了我国东部中低山区有大量第四纪冰川运动存在,而且冰川规模之大完全出乎人们意料之外。为研究该区古气候、古环境演化提供重要依据,为我国第四纪冰期划分和对比提供重要资料和证据。   相似文献